-
Lindholm, J.; Schönthal, T.; Jansson , K.: Experiences of harvesting Web resources in engineering using automatic classification (2003)
0.01
0.008532835 = product of:
0.01706567 = sum of:
0.01706567 = product of:
0.051197007 = sum of:
0.051197007 = weight(_text_:k in 4088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.051197007 = score(doc=4088,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16225883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.31552678 = fieldWeight in 4088, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4088)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Borko, H.: Research in computer based classification systems (1985)
0.01
0.008445682 = product of:
0.016891364 = sum of:
0.016891364 = product of:
0.025337046 = sum of:
0.022398692 = weight(_text_:k in 3647) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.022398692 = score(doc=3647,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16225883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.13804297 = fieldWeight in 3647, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=3647)
0.0029383542 = weight(_text_:s in 3647) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0029383542 = score(doc=3647,freq=4.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.059458308 = fieldWeight in 3647, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=3647)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- The selection in this reader by R. M. Needham and K. Sparck Jones reports an early approach to automatic classification that was taken in England. The following selection reviews various approaches that were being pursued in the United States at about the same time. It then discusses a particular approach initiated in the early 1960s by Harold Borko, at that time Head of the Language Processing and Retrieval Research Staff at the System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California and, since 1966, a member of the faculty at the Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of California, Los Angeles. As was described earlier, there are two steps in automatic classification, the first being to identify pairs of terms that are similar by virtue of co-occurring as index terms in the same documents, and the second being to form equivalence classes of intersubstitutable terms. To compute similarities, Borko and his associates used a standard correlation formula; to derive classification categories, where Needham and Sparck Jones used clumping, the Borko team used the statistical technique of factor analysis. The fact that documents can be classified automatically, and in any number of ways, is worthy of passing notice. Worthy of serious attention would be a demonstra tion that a computer-based classification system was effective in the organization and retrieval of documents. One reason for the inclusion of the following selection in the reader is that it addresses the question of evaluation. To evaluate the effectiveness of their automatically derived classification, Borko and his team asked three questions. The first was Is the classification reliable? in other words, could the categories derived from one sample of texts be used to classify other texts? Reliability was assessed by a case-study comparison of the classes derived from three different samples of abstracts. The notso-surprising conclusion reached was that automatically derived classes were reliable only to the extent that the sample from which they were derived was representative of the total document collection. The second evaluation question asked whether the classification was reasonable, in the sense of adequately describing the content of the document collection. The answer was sought by comparing the automatically derived categories with categories in a related classification system that was manually constructed. Here the conclusion was that the automatic method yielded categories that fairly accurately reflected the major area of interest in the sample collection of texts; however, since there were only eleven such categories and they were quite broad, they could not be regarded as suitable for use in a university or any large general library. The third evaluation question asked whether automatic classification was accurate, in the sense of producing results similar to those obtainabie by human cIassifiers. When using human classification as a criterion, automatic classification was found to be 50 percent accurate.
- Footnote
- Original in: Classification research: Proceedings of the Second International Study Conference held at Hotel Prins Hamlet, Elsinore, Denmark, 14th-18th Sept. 1964. Ed.: Pauline Atherton. Copenhagen: Munksgaard 1965. S.220-238.
- Pages
- S.287-305
-
Schek, M.: Automatische Klassifizierung und Visualisierung im Archiv der Süddeutschen Zeitung (2005)
0.01
0.008158808 = product of:
0.016317615 = sum of:
0.016317615 = product of:
0.024476422 = sum of:
0.022398692 = weight(_text_:k in 4884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.022398692 = score(doc=4884,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16225883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.13804297 = fieldWeight in 4884, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.569778 = idf(docFreq=3384, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4884)
0.00207773 = weight(_text_:s in 4884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.00207773 = score(doc=4884,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.04204337 = fieldWeight in 4884, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4884)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Object
- K-Infinity
- Source
- Medienwirtschaft. 2(2005) H.1, S.20-24
-
Reiner, U.: Automatische DDC-Klassifizierung bibliografischer Titeldatensätze der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie (2009)
0.00
0.0041055465 = product of:
0.008211093 = sum of:
0.008211093 = product of:
0.024633277 = sum of:
0.024633277 = weight(_text_:22 in 3284) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024633277 = score(doc=3284,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15917034 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 3284, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3284)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 22. 1.2010 14:41:24
-
Schiminovich, S.: Automatic classification and retrieval of documents by means of a bibliographic pattern discovery algorithm (1971)
0.00
0.001958903 = product of:
0.003917806 = sum of:
0.003917806 = product of:
0.011753417 = sum of:
0.011753417 = weight(_text_:s in 4846) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.011753417 = score(doc=4846,freq=4.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.23783323 = fieldWeight in 4846, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4846)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Information storage and retrieval. 6(1971), S.417-435
-
Greiner, G.: Intellektuelles und automatisches Klassifizieren (1981)
0.00
0.0015830325 = product of:
0.003166065 = sum of:
0.003166065 = product of:
0.009498195 = sum of:
0.009498195 = weight(_text_:s in 1103) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009498195 = score(doc=1103,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.19219826 = fieldWeight in 1103, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1103)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- VdDB/VDB-Rundschreiben. Sonderheft 71. Deutscher Bibliothekartag Regensburg, 9.-13.6.1981. S.3-7
-
Rijsbergen, C.J. van: Automatic classification in information retrieval (1978)
0.00
0.0015830325 = product of:
0.003166065 = sum of:
0.003166065 = product of:
0.009498195 = sum of:
0.009498195 = weight(_text_:s in 2412) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009498195 = score(doc=2412,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.19219826 = fieldWeight in 2412, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=2412)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Drexel library quarterly. 14(1978), S.75-89
-
Panyr, J.: STEINADLER: ein Verfahren zur automatischen Deskribierung und zur automatischen thematischen Klassifikation (1978)
0.00
0.0015830325 = product of:
0.003166065 = sum of:
0.003166065 = product of:
0.009498195 = sum of:
0.009498195 = weight(_text_:s in 5169) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009498195 = score(doc=5169,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.19219826 = fieldWeight in 5169, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5169)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Nachrichten für Dokumentation. 29(1978), S.92-96
-
Kwok, K.L.: ¬The use of titles and cited titles as document representations for automatic classification (1975)
0.00
0.0013851533 = product of:
0.0027703065 = sum of:
0.0027703065 = product of:
0.00831092 = sum of:
0.00831092 = weight(_text_:s in 4347) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.00831092 = score(doc=4347,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.16817348 = fieldWeight in 4347, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4347)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Information processing and management. 11(1975), S.201-206
-
Wu, M.; Fuller, M.; Wilkinson, R.: Using clustering and classification approaches in interactive retrieval (2001)
0.00
0.0013851533 = product of:
0.0027703065 = sum of:
0.0027703065 = product of:
0.00831092 = sum of:
0.00831092 = weight(_text_:s in 2666) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.00831092 = score(doc=2666,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.16817348 = fieldWeight in 2666, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=2666)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Information processing and management. 37(2001) no.3, S.459-484
-
Kleinoeder, H.H.; Puzicha, J.: Automatische Katalogisierung am Beispiel einer Pilotanwendung (2002)
0.00
0.0013851533 = product of:
0.0027703065 = sum of:
0.0027703065 = product of:
0.00831092 = sum of:
0.00831092 = weight(_text_:s in 1154) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.00831092 = score(doc=1154,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.16817348 = fieldWeight in 1154, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1154)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Info 7. 17(2002) H.1, S.19-21
-
Fong, A.C.M.: Mining a Web citation database for document clustering (2002)
0.00
0.0013851533 = product of:
0.0027703065 = sum of:
0.0027703065 = product of:
0.00831092 = sum of:
0.00831092 = weight(_text_:s in 3940) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.00831092 = score(doc=3940,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.16817348 = fieldWeight in 3940, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3940)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Applied artificial intelligence. 16(2002) no.4, S.283-292
-
Major, R.L.; Ragsdale, C.T.: ¬An aggregation approach to the classification problem using multiple prediction experts (2000)
0.00
0.0011872743 = product of:
0.0023745487 = sum of:
0.0023745487 = product of:
0.007123646 = sum of:
0.007123646 = weight(_text_:s in 3789) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007123646 = score(doc=3789,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.14414869 = fieldWeight in 3789, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3789)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Information processing and management. 36(2000) no.4, S.683-696
-
GERHARD : eine Spezialsuchmaschine für die Wissenschaft (1998)
0.00
0.0011872743 = product of:
0.0023745487 = sum of:
0.0023745487 = product of:
0.007123646 = sum of:
0.007123646 = weight(_text_:s in 381) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007123646 = score(doc=381,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.14414869 = fieldWeight in 381, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=381)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- RRZN-Info. 1998, BI315, S.9
-
Ardö, A.; Koch, T.: Automatic classification applied to full-text Internet documents in a robot-generated subject index (1999)
0.00
0.0011872743 = product of:
0.0023745487 = sum of:
0.0023745487 = product of:
0.007123646 = sum of:
0.007123646 = weight(_text_:s in 382) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007123646 = score(doc=382,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.14414869 = fieldWeight in 382, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=382)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Pages
- S.239-246
-
Chan, L.M.; Lin, X.; Zeng, M.L.: Structural and multilingual approaches to subject access on the Web (2000)
0.00
0.0011872743 = product of:
0.0023745487 = sum of:
0.0023745487 = product of:
0.007123646 = sum of:
0.007123646 = weight(_text_:s in 507) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007123646 = score(doc=507,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.14414869 = fieldWeight in 507, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=507)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- IFLA journal. 26(2000) no.3, S.187-197
-
Shafer, K.E.: Automatic Subject Assignment via the Scorpion System (2001)
0.00
0.0011872743 = product of:
0.0023745487 = sum of:
0.0023745487 = product of:
0.007123646 = sum of:
0.007123646 = weight(_text_:s in 1043) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007123646 = score(doc=1043,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.14414869 = fieldWeight in 1043, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1043)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Journal of library administration. 34(2001) nos.1/2, S.187-189
-
Krellenstein, M.: Document classification at Northern Light (1999)
0.00
0.0011872743 = product of:
0.0023745487 = sum of:
0.0023745487 = product of:
0.007123646 = sum of:
0.007123646 = weight(_text_:s in 4435) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.007123646 = score(doc=4435,freq=2.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.14414869 = fieldWeight in 4435, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4435)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Pages
- 11 S
-
Illing, S.: Automatisiertes klinisches Codieren (2021)
0.00
0.001119373 = product of:
0.002238746 = sum of:
0.002238746 = product of:
0.006716238 = sum of:
0.006716238 = weight(_text_:s in 419) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.006716238 = score(doc=419,freq=4.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.1359047 = fieldWeight in 419, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=419)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 72(2021) H.5/6, S.285-290
-
Mukhopadhyay, S.; Peng, S.; Raje, R.; Palakal, M.; Mostafa, J.: Multi-agent information classification using dynamic acquaintance lists (2003)
0.00
0.0010282099 = product of:
0.0020564198 = sum of:
0.0020564198 = product of:
0.006169259 = sum of:
0.006169259 = weight(_text_:s in 1755) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.006169259 = score(doc=1755,freq=6.0), product of:
0.049418733 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.04545348 = queryNorm
0.124836445 = fieldWeight in 1755, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.0872376 = idf(docFreq=40523, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1755)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 54(2003) no.10, S.966-975
