Search (154 results, page 1 of 8)

  • × theme_ss:"Benutzerstudien"
  • × type_ss:"a"
  • × year_i:[1990 TO 2000}
  1. Spink, A.; Wilson, T.; Ellis, D.; Ford, N.: Modeling users' successive searches in digital environments : a National Science Foundation/British Library funded study (1998) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    As digital libraries become a major source of information for many people, we need to know more about how people seek and retrieve information in digital environments. Quite commonly, users with a problem-at-hand and associated question-in-mind repeatedly search a literature for answers, and seek information in stages over extended periods from a variety of digital information resources. The process of repeatedly searching over time in relation to a specific, but possibly an evolving information problem (including changes or shifts in a variety of variables), is called the successive search phenomenon. The study outlined in this paper is currently investigating this new and little explored line of inquiry for information retrieval, Web searching, and digital libraries. The purpose of the research project is to investigate the nature, manifestations, and behavior of successive searching by users in digital environments, and to derive criteria for use in the design of information retrieval interfaces and systems supporting successive searching behavior. This study includes two related projects. The first project is based in the School of Library and Information Sciences at the University of North Texas and is funded by a National Science Foundation POWRE Grant <http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/show?award=9753277>. The second project is based at the Department of Information Studies at the University of Sheffield (UK) and is funded by a grant from the British Library <http://www.shef. ac.uk/~is/research/imrg/uncerty.html> Research and Innovation Center. The broad objectives of each project are to examine the nature and extent of successive search episodes in digital environments by real users over time. The specific aim of the current project is twofold: * To characterize progressive changes and shifts that occur in: user situational context; user information problem; uncertainty reduction; user cognitive styles; cognitive and affective states of the user, and consequently in their queries; and * To characterize related changes over time in the type and use of information resources and search strategies particularly related to given capabilities of IR systems, and IR search engines, and examine changes in users' relevance judgments and criteria, and characterize their differences. The study is an observational, longitudinal data collection in the U.S. and U.K. Three questionnaires are used to collect data: reference, client post search and searcher post search questionnaires. Each successive search episode with a search intermediary for textual materials on the DIALOG Information Service is audiotaped and search transaction logs are recorded. Quantitative analysis includes statistical analysis using Likert scale data from the questionnaires and log-linear analysis of sequential data. Qualitative methods include: content analysis, structuring taxonomies; and diagrams to describe shifts and transitions within and between each search episode. Outcomes of the study are the development of appropriate model(s) for IR interactions in successive search episodes and the derivation of a set of design criteria for interfaces and systems supporting successive searching.
  2. Bates, M.J.: ¬The Getty End-User Online Searching Project in the humanities, report no.6 : overview and conclusions (1996) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    Over a 2 year period, the Getty Information Institute (formerly the Getty Art History Information Program) sponsored and carried out a major study of end user online searching by humanities scholars. Complete logs of the searches and output were captured, and the 27 scholars involved were interviewed in depth. Reviews the study and its results, with particular emphasis on matters of interest to academic librarians. Implications are drawn for academic library reference service and collection development, as well as for cataloguing in the online and digital environment
  3. Hastings, S.K.: Evaluation of image retrieval systems : role of user feedback (1999) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Intellectual access to a growing number of networked image repositories is but a small part of the much larger problem of intellectual access to new information formats. As more and more information becomes available in digital formats, it is imperative that we understand how people retrieve and use images. Several studies have investigated how users search for images, but there are few evaluation studies of image retrieval systems. Preliminary findings from research in progress indicate a need for improved browsing tools, image manipulation software, feedback mechanisms, and query analysis. Comparisons are made to previous research results from a study of intellectual access to digital art images. This discussion will focus on the problems of image retrieval identified in current research projects, report on an evaluation project in process, and propose a framework for evaluation studies of image retrieval systems that emphasizes the role of user feedback.
    Source
    Library trends. 48(1999) no.2, S.438-452
  4. Björklund, L.: ¬The need for inventing user needs (1993) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Describes a project which undertook extensive semi structured interviews with future users of an online catalogue as part of the design phase of the catalogue. The interviews focused on users' reading habits, information use and needs, computer experience, and library and catalogue use experience
    Imprint
    London : British Library
    Source
    The effects of digitisation on library and information science. Conference organised by NORDINFO and the British Library, Edinburgh, Scotland, 17.-20.9.1992
  5. Bertot, J.C.; McClure, C.R.: Impacts of public access to the Internet through Pennsylvania public libraries (1997) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Reports results of an evaluation of the Online at PA Libraries project (Autumn 1996 to Autumn 1997), funded by Bell Atlantic and administered by the Pennsylvania Dept. of Education's Office of Commonwealth Libraries and the Schuylkill Intermediate Unit, which has had a significant impact on the provision of Internet based information services and resources to Pennsylvania public library users. 4 surveys were conducted: a survey to assess the participating libraries' expectations concerning the project; a user survey to determine user satisfaction, demographic and overall project and Internet assessment; and 2 training evaluation surveys conducted at the start and at the follow up stage of the project. The project has provided a statewide demonstration of what can be done to improve quickly and significantly the statewide public library services; to connect public libraries to the Internet and provide a range of new services and resources to their communities; and to 'junpstart' libraries, librarians and citizens into the global networked society
  6. Pasanen-Tuomainen, I.: Evaluating the user education (1994) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Desicusses the user training programme of the Helsinki University of Technology Library in the light of an internordic monitoring project. In the project, the use of OPACs was evaluated by analyzing the transaction logs and it was concluded that end users do not exploit the various possibilities of OPACs. A large part of the material found in the collections in the library is not retrieved: misspellings, lack of truncation, inequate use of Boolean operators and wrong database choices lead to ineffective retrieval. Emphasis in the online catalogue training has been on the 'hands on' exercises and it appears that the training programme is not very effective in the area of subject searching. Presents reasons for this and discusses plans for the future development of the library user training programme
  7. ¬A graphical user interface : the case of the British Library network OPAC (1996) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Presents the selected findings of a research project based on the British Library Network Online Public Access Catalogue (NOPAC) carried out in the department of information and library management at the University of Northumbria in Newcastle, UK over the academic year 1994/95. Data was collected by means of interviews with NOPAC users especially on use made of the NOPAC and on attitudes towards the NOPAC's interface. Discusses the views of users as they relate to: display features; mode of interaction; help/user assistance; extra features available; and usability. Lists important points which emerged from the survey concerning the NOPAC service
  8. Zeitlyn, D.; Bex, J.; David, M.: Making sense of online information (1997) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Presents some results from research into the uses and usefulness of electronic bibliographic databases in academic contexts, carried out as part of a British Library funded research project. Ethnographic and focus group data was gathered initially in 3 departments (natural science, social science and humanities) at the University of Kent at Canterbury covering all academic staff, researchers and postgraduates. This was then expanded to postgraduates and staff in the same 3 disciplines at other universities. 5 themes from this research are outlined: who uses the system, who does not, and where are these activities and inactivities happening; where does formal training occur; and where does learning occur. The problems of interface between computer systems and users often mirrored that between library enquiry staff and users where users did not know to frame questions and the advice given was not in a form understood by the users
    Source
    Electronic library and visual information research: Proceedings of the 4th ELVIRA Conference (ELVIRA 4), Electronic Library and Visual Information Research, De Montfort University, Milton Keynes, May 1997. Ed. by C. Davies u. A. Ramsden
  9. Pasanen-Tuomainen, I.: Analysis of subject searching in the TENTTU books database (1992) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Presents a pilot study for an Internordic project to monitor the use of online catalogues in the Nordic technological university libraries. Focuses on the use of classification in subject searching, how the UDC is used and the extent of its use. Studies user interaction with the OPACs and improvements to information retrieval in the catalogues using the transaction log method to gather data. The pilot study examnines the TENTTU Books database which is the online union catalogue of the Helsinki Univ. of Technology Library, a multilingual database with true information retrieval. The Internordic study itself will make comparisons between the TENTTU system and the new Virginia Tech Library System. Discusses the users monitored, method of analysis, subject searching in the database, results and how the UDC codes were used. Compares this to other studies conducted in Finland and evaluates the project
  10. Thorne, R.; Whitlatch, J.B.: Patron online catalog success (1994) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The project explored the ways in which the online catalogue contributes, or does not contribute to the success of library users. Key issues examined included: whether students are really getting appropriate assistance when using the online catalogue; the most common searching successes and failures observed for people using the online catalogue without staff assistance; and the effectiveness of online catalogue use by librarians providing reference assistance compared to other sources (reference books, electronic and printed indexes). Reviews relevant studies of online catalogues and reference success and describes the methodology and results of 3 different online catalogue studies: the Reference Assessment Survey; the online catalogue study of unassisted users; and the document availability study; all conducted at San José State University Library; California, using the Reference Transaction Assessment Instrument. Considers the implications of the results for reference practice and study methodology
  11. Saarti, J.: Feeding with the spoon, or the effects of shelf classification of fiction on the loaning of fiction (1997) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Investigates what effect the shelf classification of fiction had on the way that library users in the 2 branch libraries of Kajanni, Finland, use the library's stock of fiction and how they loan fiction. In 1 library the fiction stock was divided in 11 shelf categories, based on genres of fiction - in the other no changes were made. The books were also indexed and classified in the library's database. The project lasted for 3 years and the results were gathered by interviewing clients and making statistical analysis on loans in both libraries
  12. Drabenstott, K.M.; Simcox, S.; Fenton, E.G.: End-user understanding of subject headings in library catalogs (1999) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    n this article, we report on the first large-scale study of end-user understanding of subject headings. Our objectives were to determine the extent to which children and adults understood subdivided subject headings and to suggest improvements for improving understanding of subject headings. The 1991 Library of Congress Subject Subdivisions Conference suggested standardizing the order of subject subdivisions for the purpose of simplifying subject cataloging, which served as the impetus for the study. We demonstrated that adults understood subject headings better than children; however, both adults and children assigned correct meanings to less than half of the subject headings they examined. Neither subject heading context nor subdivision order had an effect on understanding. Based on our findings, we challenge the library community to make major changes to the Library of Congress Subject Headings system that have the potential to increase end-user understanding of subject headings.
    Date
    10. 9.2000 17:38:22
    Source
    Library resources and technical services. 43(1999) no.3, S.140-160
  13. Spink, A.; Beatty, L.: Multiple search sessions by end-users of online catalogs and CD-ROM databases (1995) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Reports from a study investigating the extent to which academic end users conduct multiple search sessions, over time woth OPAC or CD-ROM databases at different stages of their information seeking related to a current research project. Interviews were conducted using a questionnaire with 200 academic end users at Rutgers University Alexander Library, NJ and University of North Texas, to investigate the occurrence of multiple search sessions. Results show that at the time of the survey interview, 57% of end users had conducted multiple search sessions during their research project and 86% of end users conducted their 1st search session at the beginning stage of their information seeking process. 49% of end users had conducted between 1 and 6 search sessions and 8% more than 6 search sessions. 70% of multiple search sessionss end users had modified their search terms since their 1st search session. Discusses the implications of the findings for end user training, information retrieval systems design and further research
  14. Bangalore, N.S.: Re-engineering the OPAC using transaction logs (1997) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Describes an attempt, by Illinois University at Chicago (IUC) Library to respond to user needs as they are revealed in transaction logs of OPAC use. Illustrates success in improving access to catalogue records through a reengineering process. Outlines the IUC Library Reengineering Project, the administrative structure to study transaction logs, and the resultant managerial decisions. Notes the changes made to sreen display and to the OPAC. Focusing on customer satisfaction, IUC catalogue librarians joined forces with colleagues to identify Usrs' unmet needs and preferences through transaction log analysis. In order to minimize mismatches between users' expectations and services actually provided, IUC catalogue librarians studied logs and adjusted the OPAC. Descrinbes the specific efforts to increase access to the library's collections and the steps taken to enhance and customize bibliographic and authority records. Concludes that transition log analysis has enabled IUC to alter the form and content of its OPAC to fit the changing needs of diverse and widely disoersed users
  15. Green, A.-M.; Higgins, M.: "Making out" with new media : young people and new information and communication technology (1997) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Reports on a survey of teenagers at a school in Edinburgh, Scotland, conducted as part of the Household Information System (HIS) project at Queen Margaret College. HIS has attempted to apply organizational models of information management to non organizational contexts such as households. Information management concepts have also been complemented by reference to research from sociology and media and cultural studies into the domestic consumption of technologies. Previous HIS research has suggested that notions of technological convergence proposed by producers and suppliers of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are not shared by consumers who prefer to keep their television and computing devioces separate. Television is most often associated with relaxation and entertainment, computing with work and education. However, there is some evidence that expertise with regard to new ICTs is the province of children rather than adults in many homes, a trend which may indicate as inversion of traditional patterns of knowledge dispersal in adult child relationships
    Source
    Proceedings of the 2nd British-Nordic Conference on Library and Information Studies, Edinburgh, 1997. Organized by the British Association for Information and Library Education (BAILER). Ed.: Micheline Beaulieu et al
  16. Barry, C.: Information-seeking in an advanced IT culture : a case study (1997) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Reports results of the Information Access Project, funded by King's College London and the British Library, Research and Development Department, set up to examine the effects of information technology, the electronic library and the Internet on the information seeking behaviour and research behaviour of academics in higher education. The project studied a team of theoretical physicists over 2 years using a qualitative, context situation, user centred methodology. Electronic resources, primarily electronic bulletin boards and electronic mail, were used to access information in 80% of the 48 research projects, ususally in conjunction with traditional methods. Discusses the changes in information activity, changed boundaries and speeding up of the work of the research community; increased visibility for researchers; formalization of the preprint process; replacement of formal with informal peer review; improved access to more current information; and the demise in the use of libraries. Drawbacks reported include: limitations of electronic mail communication; information overload; limitations of reliance on single information sources in terms of their focus; and the reduction in creative active information seeking. The main electronic information source for the high energy physicists, used in the study, was the High Energy Physics Theory (HEPTH) pre-print bulletin board: a service designed to provide rapid access to written research information available before it is published in periodical form
  17. Bates, M.J.; Wilde, D.N.; Siegfried, S.: ¬An analysis of search terminology used by humanities scholars : the Getty online searching project report number 1 (1993) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The Getty art history information program carried out a two-year project to study how humanities scholars operate as end users of online databases. Visiting scholars at the Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities in Santa Monica, California, were offered the opportunity to so unlimited subsidized searching of DIALOG databases. This first report from the project analyzes the vocabulary terms twenty-two scholars used in their natural language descriptions of their information needs and in their online searches. The data were extracted from 165 natural language statements and 1.068 search terms. Vocabulary categories used by humanities scholars were found to differ markedly from those used in the sciences, a fact that imposes distinctive demands on thesaurus development and the design of online information systems. Humanities scholars searched for far more named individuals, geographical terms, chronological terms, and discipline terms than was the case in a comparative science sample. The analysis provides substantial support for the growing perception that information needs of humanities scholars are distinct from those of scholars in other fields, and that the design of information-providing systems for these scholars must take their unique qualitites into account
    Source
    Library quarterly. 63(1993) no.1, S.1-39
  18. Belkin, N.J.: ¬An overview of results from Rutgers' investigations of interactive information retrieval (1998) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Over the last 4 years, the Information Interaction Laboratory at Rutgers' School of communication, Information and Library Studies has performed a series of investigations concerned with various aspects of people's interactions with advanced information retrieval (IR) systems. We have benn especially concerned with understanding not just what people do, and why, and with what effect, but also with what they would like to do, and how they attempt to accomplish it, and with what difficulties. These investigations have led to some quite interesting conclusions about the nature and structure of people's interactions with information, about support for cooperative human-computer interaction in query reformulation, and about the value of visualization of search results for supporting various forms of interaction with information. In this discussion, I give an overview of the research program and its projects, present representative results from the projects, and discuss some implications of these results for support of subject searching in information retrieval systems
    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
    Imprint
    Urbana-Champaign, IL : Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
    Source
    Visualizing subject access for 21st century information resources: Papers presented at the 1997 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 2-4 Mar 1997, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ed.: P.A. Cochrane et al
  19. Coles, C.: Information seeking behaviour of public library users : use and non-use of electronic media (1999) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    This paper highlights some of the significant findings from author's PhD: "Factors affecting the end-use of electronic databases in public libraries." Public libraries have a wide range of different types of users who, unlike academic or special library users, are not necessarily information-trained (see Coles, 1998). Whereas the academic, special library user may have specific information needs that can be met by electronic sources, public library users do not necessarily have such specific information needs that can easily be identified and met. Most user surveys have tended to concentrate on the searching and retrieval aspect of information seeking behaviour, whereas this study's user survey focused more on how people perceived and related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). It was not how people searched a particular electronic source, in this case CD-ROM, that was of prime interest but rather whether or not people actually used them at all and the reasons why people did or did not use electronic media. There were several reasons the study looked at CD-ROM specifically. Firstly, CD-ROM is a well established technology, most people should be familiar with CD-ROM/multimedia. Secondly, CD-ROM was, at the start of the study, the only open access electronic media widely available in public libraries. As well as examining why public library users chose to use electronic sources, the paper looks at the types of CD-ROM databases used both in the library and in general Also examined are what sort of searches users carried out. Where appropriate some of the problems inherent in studying end-users in public libraries and the difficulty in getting reliable data, are discussed. Several methods were used to collect the data. I wished to avoid limiting research to a small sample of library sites, the aim was to be as broad in scope as possible. There were two main groups of people 1 wished to look at: non-users as well as CD-ROM users
    Date
    22. 3.2002 8:51:28
  20. Atlas, M.C.; Little, K.R.; Purcell, M.O.: Flip charts at the OPAC : using transaction log analysis to judge their effectiveness (1997) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Describes a project, conducted with a development grant from the Kentucky Library Association's Academic Section, to design and produce a number of flip charts for use at OPAC terminals in 6 of the Louisville university libraries. The custom made flip charts were designed as point of use user training tools. Reports results of an analysis of OPAC transaction logs to measure the success of the flip charts. Comparisons were made among the types of searches conducted, the percentages of zero hits, and the types of errors found before and after the introduction of the flip charts to determine whether searching succes rates had improved or if searching strategies had changed. Results indicated that the presence of the flip charts had not brought about a significant change in searching success. Concludes that there is no substitute for professional librarians working in a one to one relationship with the OPAC user

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