Search (21 results, page 1 of 2)

0.022044687 = product of:
  0.044089373 = sum of:
    0.044089373 = product of:
      0.08817875 = sum of:
        0.08817875 = weight(_text_:22 in 3582) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08817875 = score(doc=3582,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.1611569 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.54716086 = fieldWeight in 3582, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3582)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 4.2017 10:42:05
22. 4.2017 10:48:38

0.015441621 = product of:
  0.030883241 = sum of:
    0.030883241 = sum of:
      0.005942525 = weight(_text_:e in 3608) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.005942525 = score(doc=3608,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04602077 = queryNorm
          0.08983562 = fieldWeight in 3608, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3608)
      0.024940716 = weight(_text_:22 in 3608) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.024940716 = score(doc=3608,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.1611569 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04602077 = queryNorm
          0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 3608, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3608)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

You were going to get one-click access to the full text of nearly every book that's ever been published. Books still in print you'd have to pay for, but everything else-a collection slated to grow larger than the holdings at the Library of Congress, Harvard, the University of Michigan, at any of the great national libraries of Europe-would have been available for free at terminals that were going to be placed in every local library that wanted one. At the terminal you were going to be able to search tens of millions of books and read every page of any book you found. You'd be able to highlight passages and make annotations and share them; for the first time, you'd be able to pinpoint an idea somewhere inside the vastness of the printed record, and send somebody straight to it with a link. Books would become as instantly available, searchable, copy-pasteable-as alive in the digital world-as web pages. It was to be the realization of a long-held dream. "The universal library has been talked about for millennia," Richard Ovenden, the head of Oxford's Bodleian Libraries, has said. "It was possible to think in the Renaissance that you might be able to amass the whole of published knowledge in a single room or a single institution." In the spring of 2011, it seemed we'd amassed it in a terminal small enough to fit on a desk. "This is a watershed event and can serve as a catalyst for the reinvention of education, research, and intellectual life," one eager observer wrote at the time. On March 22 of that year, however, the legal agreement that would have unlocked a century's worth of books and peppered the country with access terminals to a universal library was rejected under Rule 23(e)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. When the library at Alexandria burned it was said to be an "international catastrophe." When the most significant humanities project of our time was dismantled in court, the scholars, archivists, and librarians who'd had a hand in its undoing breathed a sigh of relief, for they believed, at the time, that they had narrowly averted disaster.

Language

e

0.012470358 = product of:
  0.024940716 = sum of:
    0.024940716 = product of:
      0.049881432 = sum of:
        0.049881432 = weight(_text_:22 in 3882) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.049881432 = score(doc=3882,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1611569 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 3882, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3882)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

9.10.2017 15:48:22

0.010911563 = product of:
  0.021823127 = sum of:
    0.021823127 = product of:
      0.043646254 = sum of:
        0.043646254 = weight(_text_:22 in 252) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.043646254 = score(doc=252,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1611569 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 252, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=252)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 5.2021 12:43:05

0.009352768 = product of:
  0.018705536 = sum of:
    0.018705536 = product of:
      0.03741107 = sum of:
        0.03741107 = weight(_text_:22 in 596) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03741107 = score(doc=596,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1611569 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 596, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=596)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

1. 1.2020 13:22:34

0.0077939737 = product of:
  0.015587947 = sum of:
    0.015587947 = product of:
      0.031175895 = sum of:
        0.031175895 = weight(_text_:22 in 4281) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.031175895 = score(doc=4281,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1611569 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 4281, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4281)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 1.2018 11:38:55

0.004863883 = product of:
  0.009727766 = sum of:
    0.009727766 = product of:
      0.019455532 = sum of:
        0.019455532 = weight(_text_:e in 1218) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019455532 = score(doc=1218,freq=14.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.29411736 = fieldWeight in 1218, product of:
              3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
                14.0 = termFreq=14.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1218)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

The University of California's California Digital Library (CDL) formed an Ebook Task Force in August 2000 to evaluate academic libraries' experiences with electronic books (e-books), investigate the e-book market, and develop operating guidelines, principles and potential strategies for further exploration of the use of e-books at the University of California (UC). This article, based on the findings and recommendations of the Task Force Report, briefly summarizes task force findings, and outlines issues and recommendations for making e-books viable over the long term in the academic environment, based on the long-term goals of building strong research collections and providing high level services and collections to its users.

Language

e

Object

E-books

0.0044568935 = product of:
  0.008913787 = sum of:
    0.008913787 = product of:
      0.017827574 = sum of:
        0.017827574 = weight(_text_:e in 396) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.017827574 = score(doc=396,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.26950687 = fieldWeight in 396, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=396)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Object

E-LIS

0.0041524656 = product of:
  0.008304931 = sum of:
    0.008304931 = product of:
      0.016609862 = sum of:
        0.016609862 = weight(_text_:e in 1226) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.016609862 = score(doc=1226,freq=20.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.25109822 = fieldWeight in 1226, product of:
              4.472136 = tf(freq=20.0), with freq of:
                20.0 = termFreq=20.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1226)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

It has been suggested that institutional e-print services will become an important way of achieving the wide availability of e-prints across a broad range of subject disciplines. However, as yet there are few exemplars of this sort of service. This paper describes how physicists make use of an established centralized subject-based e-prints service, arXiv (formerly known as the Los Alamos XXX service), and discusses the possible implications of this use for institutional multidisciplinary e-print archives. A number of key points are identified, including technical issues (such as file formats and user interface design), management issues (such as submission procedures and administrative staff support), economic issues (such as installation and support costs), quality issues (such as peer review and quality control criteria), policy issues (such as digital preservation and collection development standards), academic issues (such as scholarly communication cultures and publishing trends), and legal issues (such as copyright and intellectual property rights). These are discussed with reference to the project to set up a pilot institutional e-print service at the University of Nottingham, UK. This project is being used as a pragmatic way of investigating the issues surrounding institutional e-print services, particularly in seeing how flexible the e-prints model actually is and how easily it can adapt itself to disciplines other than physics.

Language

e

0.0037140779 = product of:
  0.0074281557 = sum of:
    0.0074281557 = product of:
      0.0148563115 = sum of:
        0.0148563115 = weight(_text_:e in 4625) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0148563115 = score(doc=4625,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.22458905 = fieldWeight in 4625, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4625)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Language

e

0.0036767495 = product of:
  0.007353499 = sum of:
    0.007353499 = product of:
      0.014706998 = sum of:
        0.014706998 = weight(_text_:e in 805) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.014706998 = score(doc=805,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.2223318 = fieldWeight in 805, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=805)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Language

e

0.0031841588 = product of:
  0.0063683176 = sum of:
    0.0063683176 = product of:
      0.012736635 = sum of:
        0.012736635 = weight(_text_:e in 3371) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.012736635 = score(doc=3371,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.19254501 = fieldWeight in 3371, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3371)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Language

e

0.0031514994 = product of:
  0.006302999 = sum of:
    0.006302999 = product of:
      0.012605998 = sum of:
        0.012605998 = weight(_text_:e in 1198) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.012605998 = score(doc=1198,freq=18.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.19057012 = fieldWeight in 1198, product of:
              4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
                18.0 = termFreq=18.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1198)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

To arrive at relevant and reliable conclusions concerning the usability of a hypermedia educational e-book, developers have to apply a well-defined evaluation procedure as well as a set of clear, concrete and measurable quality criteria. Evaluating an educational tool involves not only testing the user interface but also the didactic method, the instructional materials and the interaction mechanisms to prove whether or not they help users reach their goals for learning. This article presents a number of evaluation criteria for hypermedia educational e-books and describes how they are embedded into an evaluation procedure. This work is chiefly aimed at helping education developers evaluate their systems, as well as to provide them with guidance for addressing educational requirements during the design process. In recent years, more and more educational e-books are being created, whether by academics trying to keep pace with the advanced requirements of the virtual university or by publishers seeking to meet the increasing demand for educational resources that can be accessed anywhere and anytime, and that include multimedia information, hypertext links and powerful search and annotating mechanisms. To develop a useful educational e-book many things have to be considered, such as the reading patterns of users, accessibility for different types of users and computer platforms, copyright and legal issues, development of new business models and so on. Addressing usability is very important since e-books are interactive systems and, consequently, have to be designed with the needs of their users in mind. Evaluating usability involves analyzing whether systems are effective, efficient and secure for use; easy to learn and remember; and have a good utility. Any interactive system, as e-books are, has to be assessed to determine if it is really usable as well as useful. Such an evaluation is not only concerned with assessing the user interface but is also aimed at analyzing whether the system can be used in an efficient way to meet the needs of its users - who in the case of educational e-books are learners and teachers. Evaluation provides the opportunity to gather valuable information about design decisions. However, to be successful the evaluation has to be carefully planned and prepared so developers collect appropriate and reliable data from which to draw relevant conclusions.

Language

e

0.0021009997 = product of:
  0.0042019994 = sum of:
    0.0042019994 = product of:
      0.008403999 = sum of:
        0.008403999 = weight(_text_:e in 4686) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.008403999 = score(doc=4686,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.12704675 = fieldWeight in 4686, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4686)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Language

e

0.0018383748 = product of:
  0.0036767495 = sum of:
    0.0036767495 = product of:
      0.007353499 = sum of:
        0.007353499 = weight(_text_:e in 3711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.007353499 = score(doc=3711,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.1111659 = fieldWeight in 3711, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3711)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Language

e

0.0018383748 = product of:
  0.0036767495 = sum of:
    0.0036767495 = product of:
      0.007353499 = sum of:
        0.007353499 = weight(_text_:e in 4324) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.007353499 = score(doc=4324,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.1111659 = fieldWeight in 4324, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4324)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Was bezahlt die ETH Bibliothek an Elsevier, Springer und Wiley? Die Antwort auf diese einfache Frage liegt nun nach gut 14 Monaten und einem Entscheid der ersten Rekursinstanz (EDÖB) vor. Werfen wir nun also einen Blick in diese nun erstmals öffentlich zugänglichen Daten (auch als XLSX). Die ETH-Bibliothek schlüsselte die Ausgaben wie von mir gewünscht in Datenbanken, E-Books und Zeitschriften auf.

0.0015757497 = product of:
  0.0031514994 = sum of:
    0.0031514994 = product of:
      0.006302999 = sum of:
        0.006302999 = weight(_text_:e in 1627) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.006302999 = score(doc=1627,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.09528506 = fieldWeight in 1627, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1627)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Über gute Wissenschaft und die Privatisierung öffentlicher Mittel Publizieren, von lateinisch publicare = veröffentlichen, ist ein Wesensmerkmal der Wissenschaft. Neue wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse sollen nicht nur den Fachkollegen und potenziell für den Fortschritt der ganzen Menschheit zur Verfügung stehen, sondern durch die Veröffentlichung auch überprüfbar werden. So würden langfristig Fehler aufgespürt, entfernt und dann gesicherte Erkenntnis übrig bleiben. So weit die Theorie. In der Praxis haben große Verlagshäuser wie Elsevier (laut Wikipedia rund 2,5 Milliarden Pfund Jahresumsatz), Springer Nature (rund 1,6 Milliarden Euro), Taylor and Francis (rund 530 Millionen Pfund) oder Wiley (rund 1,7 Milliarden Dollar), die die Veröffentlichungen traditionell organisieren, große Umsätze und damit auch große Profitinteressen. In Zeiten des Internets und des e-Publishings wird deren Rolle zunehmend in Frage gestellt. Immer mehr Zeitschriften erscheinen nur noch online. Und selbst bei denjenigen, die noch als Papierversion zirkulieren, spielt sich für die Wissenschaftler das Wesentliche in den Vorab-Veröffentlichungen online ab. Bis die Druckausgabe erscheint, sind die Studien mitunter schon längst Schnee von gestern.

0.0015757497 = product of:
  0.0031514994 = sum of:
    0.0031514994 = product of:
      0.006302999 = sum of:
        0.006302999 = weight(_text_:e in 3562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.006302999 = score(doc=3562,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.09528506 = fieldWeight in 3562, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3562)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Language

e

0.0011142234 = product of:
  0.0022284468 = sum of:
    0.0022284468 = product of:
      0.0044568935 = sum of:
        0.0044568935 = weight(_text_:e in 1195) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0044568935 = score(doc=1195,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.06737672 = fieldWeight in 1195, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1195)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Sponsored by the German Ministry of Education and Research with funding of 800.000 EURO, the German Network of Expertise in long-term storage of digital resources (nestor) began in June 2003 as a cooperative effort of 6 partners representing different players within the field of long-term preservation. The partners include: * The German National Library (Die Deutsche Bibliothek) as the lead institution for the project * The State and University Library of Lower Saxony Göttingen (Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen) * The Computer and Media Service and the University Library of Humboldt-University Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) * The Bavarian State Library in Munich (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek) * The Institute for Museum Information in Berlin (Institut für Museumskunde) * General Directorate of the Bavarian State Archives (GDAB) As in other countries, long-term preservation of digital resources has become an important issue in Germany in recent years. Nevertheless, coming to agreement with institutions throughout the country to cooperate on tasks for a long-term preservation effort has taken a great deal of effort. Although there had been considerable attention paid to the preservation of physical media like CD-ROMS, technologies available for the long-term preservation of digital publications like e-books, digital dissertations, websites, etc., are still lacking. Considering the importance of the task within the federal structure of Germany, with the responsibility of each federal state for its science and culture activities, it is obvious that the approach to a successful solution of these issues in Germany must be a cooperative approach. Since 2000, there have been discussions about strategies and techniques for long-term archiving of digital information, particularly within the distributed structure of Germany's library and archival institutions. A key part of all the previous activities was focusing on using existing standards and analyzing the context in which those standards would be applied. One such activity, the Digital Library Forum Planning Project, was done on behalf of the German Ministry of Education and Research in 2002, where the vision of a digital library in 2010 that can meet the changing and increasing needs of users was developed and described in detail, including the infrastructure required and how the digital library would work technically, what it would contain and how it would be organized. The outcome was a strategic plan for certain selected specialist areas, where, amongst other topics, a future call for action for long-term preservation was defined, described and explained against the background of practical experience.

Language

e

0.0011142234 = product of:
  0.0022284468 = sum of:
    0.0022284468 = product of:
      0.0044568935 = sum of:
        0.0044568935 = weight(_text_:e in 1222) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0044568935 = score(doc=1222,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.06614887 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04602077 = queryNorm
            0.06737672 = fieldWeight in 1222, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.43737 = idf(docFreq=28552, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1222)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

CrossRef, the only full-blown application of the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®) System to date, is now a little over a year old. What started as a cooperative effort among publishers and technologists to prototype DOI-based linking of citations in e-journals evolved into an independent, non-profit enterprise in early 2000. We have made considerable headway during our first year, but there is still much to be done. When CrossRef went live with its collaborative linking service last June, it had enabled reference links in roughly 1,100 journals from a member base of 33 publishers, using a functional prototype system. The DOI-X prototype was described in an article published in D-Lib Magazine in February of 2000. On the occasion of CrossRef's first birthday as a live service, this article provides a non-technical overview of our progress to date and the major hurdles ahead. The electronic medium enriches the research literature arena for all players -- researchers, librarians, and publishers -- in numerous ways. Information has been made easier to discover, to share, and to sell. To take a simple example, the aggregation of book metadata by electronic booksellers was a huge boon to scholars seeking out obscure backlist titles, or discovering books they would never otherwise have known to exist. It was equally a boon for the publishers of those books, who saw an unprecedented surge in sales of backlist titles with the advent of centralized electronic bookselling. In the serials sphere, even in spite of price increases and the turmoil surrounding site licenses for some prime electronic content, libraries overall are now able to offer more content to more of their patrons. Yet undoubtedly, the key enrichment for academics and others navigating a scholarly corpus is linking, and in particular the linking that takes the reader out of one document and into another in the matter of a click or two. Since references are how authors make explicit the links between their work and precedent scholarship, what could be more fundamental to the reader than making those links immediately actionable? That said, automated linking is only really useful from a research perspective if it works across publications and across publishers. Not only do academics think about their own writings and those of their colleagues in terms of "author, title, rough date" -- the name of the journal itself is usually not high on the list of crucial identifying features -- but they are oblivious as to the identity of the publishers of all but their very favorite books and journals.

Language

e