Search (65 results, page 1 of 4)

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Abstract

The paper takes a retrospective look at the work of Henry Evelyn Bliss, classificationist theorist and author of the Bibliographic Classification. Major features of his writings and philosophy are examined and evaluated for the originality of their contribution to the corpus of knowledge in the discipline. Reactions to Bliss's work are analysed, as is his influence on classification theory of the 20th century. Contemporary work on knowledge organization is seen to continue a number of strands from Bliss's original writings. His standing as a classificationist is compared with that of Ranganathan, with the conclusion that he is not given the credit he deserves.

Biographed

Bliss, Henry Evelyn

Date

9. 2.1997 18:44:22

Source

Journal of librarianship and information science. 40(2008) no.1, S.45-58

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Abstract

The concerns of the past century follow us into the next. Despite continuing technological advancement we find ourselves overwhelmed by a virtual tidal wave of information. Instead of reinventing seemingly novel solutions, it is appropriate to reexamine the successes and failures of the past. In light of the increasing focus on faceted classification as a potential approach to the problems of organizing conceptual space, it is appropriate to direct critical attention to the convoluted nature of the interaction between Henry Evelyn Bliss and S. R. Ranganathan. Drawing upon the methods of historiography, this is a review of original documents and an analysis of primary examples drawn from the correspondence between Ranganathan and Bliss currently in possession of the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University and Archives and Special Collections at the Morris Raphael Cohen Library, City College of New York. This analysis will serve as a springboard to further exploration of the synthetic nature of faceted classification

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Abstract

James Duff Brown was an influential and energetic librarian in Great Britain in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His Subject Classification has characteristics that were unusual and idiosyncratic during his own time, but his work deserves recognition as one of the precursors of modern bibliographic classification systems. This article discusses a number of theories and classification practices that Brown developed. In particular, it investigates his views on the order of main classes, on the phenomenon of "concrete" subjects, and on the need for synthesized notations. It traces these ideas briefly into the future through the work of S. R. Ranganathan, the Classification Research Group, and the second edition of the Bliss Bibliographic Classification system. It concludes that Brown's work warrants further study for the light it may shed on current classification theory and practice.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: Pioneers in library and information science

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Abstract

Henry Evelyn Bliss (1870-1955) devoted several decades of his life to the study of classification and the development of the Bibliographic Classification scheme while serving as a librarian in the College of the City of New York. In the course of the development of the Bibliographic Classification, Bliss developed a body of classification theory published in a number of articles and books, among which the best known are The Organization of Knowledge and the System of the Sciences (1929), Organization of Knowledge in Libraries and the Subject Approach to Books (1933; 2nd ed., 1939), and the lengthy preface to A Bibliographic Classification (Volumes 1-2, 1940; 2nd ed., 1952). In developing the Bibliographic Classification, Bliss carefully established its philosophical and theoretical basis, more so than was attempted by the makers of other classification schemes, with the possible exception of S. R. Ranganathan (q.v.) and his Colon Classification. The basic principles established by Bliss for the Bibliographic Classification are: consensus, collocation of related subjects, subordination of special to general and gradation in specialty, and the relativity of classes and of classification (hence alternative location and alternative treatment). In the preface to the schedules of A Bibliographic Classification, Bliss spells out the general principles of classification as weIl as principles specifically related to his scheme. The first volume of the schedules appeared in 1940. In 1952, he issued a second edition of the volume with a rewritten preface, from which the following excerpt is taken, and with the addition of a "Concise Synopsis," which is also included here to illustrate the principles of classificatory structure. In the excerpt reprinted below, Bliss discusses the correlation between classes, concepts, and terms, as weIl as the hierarchical structure basic to his classification scheme. In his discussion of cross-classification, Bliss recognizes the "polydimensional" nature of classification and the difficulties inherent in the two-dimensional approach which is characteristic of linear classification. This is one of the earliest works in which the multidimensional nature of classification is recognized. The Bibliographic Classification did not meet with great success in the United States because the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Library of Congress Classification were already weIl ensconced in American libraries by then. Nonetheless, it attracted considerable attention in the British Commonwealth and elsewhere in the world. A committee was formed in Britain which later became the Bliss Classification Association. A faceted edition of the scheme has been in preparation under the direction of J. Mills and V. Broughton. Several parts of this new edition, entitled Bliss Bibliographic Classification, have been published.

Footnote

Original in: Bliss, H.E.: A bibliographic classification extended by systematic auxuliary schedules for composite specification and notation. vols 1-2. 2nd ed. New York: Wilson 1952. S.3-11.

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Footnote

Einer der lesenswertesten Beiträge in der Geschichte der Sacherschließung im deutschen Bibliothekswesen; enthält Situationsbeschreibung der SUB Hamburg im Jahr 1946 und Vorschläge für die Neugestaltung eines systematischen Erschließungssystems. - Vgl. auch spätere Beiträge von E. Zimmermann u. H. Vollmer

Source

Probleme des Wiederaufbaus im wissenschaftlichen Bibliothekswesen: aus d. Verhandlungen des 1. Bibliothekartagung der britischen Zone in Hamburg vom 22.-24.10.1946

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Abstract

Bibliothekarische Sacherschließung stellt zunächst eine praktische Aufgabe dar. Gleichwohl sollte bibliothekarische Sacherschließung als Ganzes und in einem wesentlichen Teilbereich wie der Systematischen Freihandaufstellung auch in ihrer historischen Entwicklung und Bedeutung gesehen werden. Ein bedeutender Aspekt bleibt die notwendige Einordnung in das größere Umfeld, vor allem der Bibliotheksgeschichte, aber auch der Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Schwerpunkte bilden hier die Geschichte der Dezimalmethode mit den Teilbereichen UDK und DDC und die Nachkriegsgeschichte der klassifikatorischen Erschließung an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken Deutschlands, einschließlich der neuen Entwicklung der Verbundarbeit in der Klassifikation. Bedeutend sind weiter die Beispiele für den Vergleich von Aufstellungsklassifikationen als Annäherung an eine zu entwickelnde Methodik. Dabei stellen sich auch Fragen des Inhalts ausgewählter Klassifikationssysteme in historischer Betrachtung. Dies entspricht bereits dem Bibliotheksplan 73, der immerhin Fragen der Bibliotheksgeschichte und der Klassifikation zu den genuinen Bereichen bibliothekswissenschaftlicher Forschung rechnet.

Classification

AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
AN 75100 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Systematischer Katalog

Date

22. 3.2008 17:56:19

Footnote

Rez. in Mitt. VÖB 56(2003) H.3/4, S. 81-82 (I. Müller): "Ein Blick in die Vergangenheit kann hilfreich für das Verständnis der Gegenwart und die Einschätzung der Zukunft sein (Berhard Fabian) - Nach diesem Motto betrachtet B. Lorenz die bibliothekarische Sacherschließung im gesamten und stellt sie aus der Sicht der historischen Entwicklung und Bedeutung dar. Es geht ihm darum, historische Kenntnisse zu nutzen, um Erfahrungen nachzuvollziehen und Fehler weitgehend zu vermeiden bzw. zu minimieren. So bildet die Einordnung in das größere Umfeld der Bibliotheksgeschichte und der Wissenschaftsgeschichte einen wesentlichen Faktor. Dies erfolgt in Verbindung mit wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen, da der Autor darauf aufbaut, dass die Wissenschaftsgeschichte eine wesentliche Grundlage einer reflektierenden Inhaltserschließungsdiskussion darstellt. Das Werk liefert daher historische Beispiele für die Bedeutung und Definition bibliothekarischer Aufstellungsklassifikationen ebenso wie Grundüberlegungen zur Systematischen Aufstellung einschließlich besonderer Anforderungen und Berücksichtigung von Problemen anhand von Beispielen aus Theorie und Praxis. Das Kapitel über die Geschichte der Systematischen Freihandaufstellung liefert daher Beispiele aus Klosterbibliotheken des Mittelalters bis hin zum Bereich der Privatbibliotheken von Ärzten späterer Zeit. Wichtige internationale Klassifikationen sowie Neuentwicklungen an neueren deutschen Universitätsbibliotheken versieht der Autor allerdings mit kritischen Anmerkungen betreffend die Unterschiede innerhalb von Systematiken. Dem folgt eine Gegenüberstellung von Aufstellungssystematiken bzw. Beispielen für den Vergleich von Aufstellungsklassifikationen. B. Lorenz beweist in seinen "Notizen" als "Wechselspiel" deutlich, wie untrennbar die Geschichte der bibliothekarischen Sacherschließung von der Geschichte der Wissenschaften ist. Letztendlich kommt der Autor übereinstimmend mit Klara Erdei zu dem Schluß, "dass der Online-Katalog nicht den Untergang sondern eher eine Renaissance der bibliothekarischen Klassifikation mit sich bringen kann: eine noch benutzerfreundlichere, vielseitigere Realisierung der systematischen Erschließung und Suche". Das vorliegende Werk ist keine technische Auflistung von formalen, pragmatischen oder strukturellen Fragen und es ist auch keine weitere Darstellung des Wesens der Systematik. Vielmehr ist es dem Autor erfolgreich gelungen, den Fragen der hierarchisch höchst- bzw. hochstehenden Gliederungen und des Inhalts ausgewählter Klassifikationssysteme in historischer Betrachtung nachzugehen."

RVK

AN 75000 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Allgemeines
AN 75100 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Systematischer Katalog

Series

Beiträge zum Buch- und Bibliothekswesen; Bd.45

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Abstract

Describes the history and origins of the International Institute of Bibliography, founded in 1895 and which later became the FID. Outlines the work of Paul Otlet and his colleagues in developing the idea of universal bibliographic control through the Répertoire Bibliographique Universel and the emergence of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) as the means of its classifies arrangement. Stresses the key role played by this work in developing the main concepts of information science and documentation

Source

International forum on information and documentation. 22(1997) no.2, S.3-15

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Abstract

Das Abenteuer, ein Buch neu zu denken, das die Welt neu denken wollte: Diderots und d'Alemberts Encyclopédie. Es freilegen, befreien von Vereinnahmung und Verklärung, die das unbändige Werk in kostbares Leder packen, im Regal verstauen, mit einem Brockhaus verwechseln. Im Lauf der Zeit fallen alle Auswüchse, Sehnsüchte, Widersprüche den Gelehrten zum Opfer, denen soviel ungestümes Leben angst macht. Der Mensch, der doch im Mittelpunkt aller Bestrebungen der Enzyklopädisten steht, wird aus dem Buch gedrängt - übrig bleiben die großen Ideen, die hehren Ideale, um deren Unvereinbarkeit mit der Realität Diderot und die Seinen wohl wußten, doch schon bald nicht mehr wissen durften. Denn die Fackel der Aufklärung leuchtete längst nicht in alle Winkel des menschlichen Herzens. Schwärmerei und Gottesfurcht haben darin ebenso überlebt wie die bemerkenswert unaufgeklärte Betrachtung der Anderen: der Faulenzer, Müßiggänger, Sodomiten, Deserteure und Selbstmörder, von Frauen und Negern ganz zu schweigen. Zweihundertfünfzig Jahre später wühlen wir uns durch die Folianten, fahren auf Alleen und Sandwegen vorbei an allem erdenklichen Getier und Gewächs, an Gebilden, Gebäuden, und wir staunen darüber, wie uns die Enzyklopädisten, die doch schon so lange tot sind, plötzlich in Fleisch und Blut durch ihr Universum führen: Wiesen, Himmel, Steinbrüche, Senkgruben. Die Grenzen, die sie ihrer Welt gesetzt haben, kreuzen die unseren. Mit einem Buch die Menschheit verbessern zu wollen, was für eine Anmaßung! Mit Wörtern die Welt beschreiben, welch Wahnwitz! Und doch: Nach und nach werden aus Wörtern Stimmen, hören wir Verstimmungen glückliche Tage, Verdruß. Wir lesen, daß Diderot nach seiner Rückkehr vom Begräbnis des verehrten Freundes Montesquieu seinen Artikel EKLEKTIZISMUS beendet; lassen uns von Jaucourts Entdeckerfreude anstecken, wenn er die hungrige Laus auf seinem Handrücken beschreibt, Bein für Bein, Haar für Haar; amüsieren uns über Rousseaus Verdammung schlecht klingender Trompeten; lesen, wie sich die wohl einzige Frau, die an der Encyclopédie mitschreiben durfte, Susanne-Marie de Vivans, über die Weitschweifigkeit ihrer Kollegen mokiert; fragen uns, wo denn die Aufklärung geblieben ist, wenn Voltaire ausruft, man könne die Geschichte nicht studieren, ohne »Abscheu gegenüber der menschlichen Gattung« zu fassen; und wir fühlen mit, wie Diderot sich im Artikel ENZYKLOPÄDIE den ganzen Frust von der Seele schreibt über das »verfluchte Monstrum«, das ihm so viele Jahre seines Lebens geraubt hat. Zweihundertfünfzig Jahre Lorbeer, Tortenguß, Bibliothekenstaub, Gipsschichten, Ketzerhemden und Talare: Nackt sieht die Encyclopédie anders aus, menschlicher, weniger angsteinflößend, bezaubernder, fehlerhafter; und nackt oder zumindest im Morgenmantel, dem liebgewordenen, abgegriffenen, auch die Autoren in ihren Artikeln. Nicht in den weltbewegenden, vielzitierten, anthologisierten; es sind die Kleinode, Rohdiamanten, in denen der Mensch überlebt, und die uns heute noch anrühren, Arche Noah in unserer Zeit der beliebig verfügbaren, verlinkten Information - Orakel auf unserem Weg durchs 21. Jahrhundert.

Footnote

Enthält Beiträge zur Geschichte und Konzeption der Enzyklopädie von Diderot und d'Alembert mit Wiedergabe einiger Originatextel und der zugrunde liegenden Systematik
Vgl. auch: Naumann, M. (Bearb.) u.a.: Diderots Enzyklopädie: eine Auswahl. Ausw. und Einf. von Manfred Naumann. Übers. aus dem Franz. von Theodor Lücke. Leipzig: Reclam 2001. 320 S.

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Abstract

This paper maps the concepts "space" and "dimensionality" in classifications, in particular in visualizations hereof, from a historical perspective. After a historical excursion in the domain of classification theory of what in mathematics is known as dimensionality reduction in representations of a single universe of knowledge, its potentiality will be explored for information retrieval and navigation in the multiverse of the World Wide Web.

Date

22. 2.2013 11:31:25

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Abstract

The decimal system is one system of a number of possible systems of ordering - and a very symbolic also. The ordering in ten chapters, themes, numbers, etc. you can find often in history. Indeed Dewey is not the genius-founder of decimal classification (against a number of authors)! For ordering and structuring separate schemes within a classification DDC creates a number of important negative solutions, e.g. in the main classes the 'lost' of physics and of medicine as special schemes: Nearly a catastrophe in the times of STM! And against an enormous tradition like Leibniz 1646 - 1716) et alii! Compare Bliss: The Bliss-Classification gives space for 6 numbers »sciences« in a context of 26 classes. Therefore the result in short: DDC (and UDC of course!) are »flowers« of the past, of the first decades of century 20! As a fact the Decimal Classification within the tradition of Melvil Dewey is not a final work: See the increasing number of newly constructed decimal classifications during the years 80 and 90 of the 20th century! Nevertheless DDC is a very great (problem and) solution in its development, internationality, reception - and edge-stone for many thinkers and librarians throughout the world - and an important example for modern translational work! Magda Heiner-Freiling has given to us a great stone for the edifice of Modern DDC: Requiescat in pace!

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Source

Bücherei und Bildung. 9(1957), S.465-473, 519-527

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Date

9. 2.1997 18:44:22

Source

Journal of librarianship and information science. 29(1997) no.4, S.211-216

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Abstract

I outline a major segment of the history of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) in Hungary and all related important events and activities. Significant and committed specialists who played prominent role on a national and international level are also mentioned. It's not an overstatement, that the usage and publications of the UDC in Hungary are significant milestones in the international history of UDC. The usage of UDC has been very widespread and it is found in different types of libraries. People who were responsible for the developing of information retrieval systems and quality of these methods were very engaged and participated in international activities. There were several huge libraries such as special, academic, municipal and national library where UDC has been employed since quite early on and the leaders of these pioneer libraries travelled widely and were active in international researches and practices.

Source

Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik

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Abstract

Es wird der Wissensbegriff und das Ordnungswissen, wie es sich aus der aristotelisch-thomistischen Tradition herleitete mit den Auffassungen über Wissensformen, wie sie bei Hobbes, Locke und anderen Autoren der beginnenden Neuzeit bestehen, in Verbindung gebracht und am Beispiel der Klassifikationsversuche von Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz, Locke und Hobbes untersucht, in welchem Maße der Methodendualismus von Empirismus und Rationalismus in die Klassifikationsmomente eingeht, wieweit zugleich auch wissenschaftsgeschichtliche, wissenssoziologische, gesellschaftspolitische und wissenschaftsorganisatorische Faktoren auf die Klassifikation einwirken, welche verschiedenen Ansätze zu einer Wissensordnung unternommen wurden in einer Epoche, die nicht unwesentlich die weitere Wissenschaftsentwicklung bestimmt hat

Source

Wissensstrukturen und Ordnungsmuster. Proc. der 4. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation, Salzburg, 16.-19.4.1980. Red.: W. Dahlberg

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Footnote

Die in diesem Beitrag entwickelte Unterteilung von Klassifikationssystemen in 'wissenschaftliche', 'philosophisch-enzyklopädische' und 'bibliothekarische' ist später immer wieder aufgegriffen und im Sinne einer Typologie verwendet worden

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Source

Nachrichten für Dokumentation. 22(1971), S.55-63

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