-
Gilyarevskii, R.S.; Subbotin, M.M.: Russian experience in hypertext : automatic compiling of coherent texts (1993)
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- Abstract
- Russian hypertext research emphasizes algorithmis navigation in which navigation rules are based on features of hypertext nodes formulated in terms of graph theory. In creating hypertext systems there appear to be specific problems of logic and structural analysis which were first advanced by Russian researchers. Describes the Russain hypertext systems: HYPERLOG, HYPERNET, BAHYS and SEMPRO
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 44(1993) no.4, S.185-193
-
Baron, L.; Tague-Sutcliffe, J.; Kinnucan, M.T.: Labeled, typed links as cues when reading hypertext documents (1996)
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- Abstract
- This article examines the classification of link types within hypertext databases. Do labeled links act as cues, enabling understanding of the structure and leading to more informed navigational choices? Although there is anecdotal evidence that indicating link types to readers is useful in hypertext systems, there is little experimental data to support this position. This study tries to provide an experimental basis for the development of lables identifying link types. It addresses whether labeling the different types of links affects hypertext searching by providing or enhancing a structure for readers of nonlinear texts. An experiment was run to determine which of the following 3 conditions serve users with better cues and lead to increased performance in both browsing and querying scenarios: 1) providing only organizational links; 2) adding unlabeled semantic, rhetorical, and pragmatic links in addition to the organizational links; and 3) adding labeled semantic, rhetorical, and pragmatic links to the organizational links. The experiment used a between subjects design where subjects were library science students. SuperBook was used as the hypertext platform and the OCLC Cataloguing Users' Guide was used as the hypertext document. The statistical results indicate that there was no significant difference between the three conditions in the browsing task. However, subjects who had labeled content-based links performed significantly better on the querying task
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 47(1996) no.12, S.896-908
-
Charnock, E.: Task-based method for creating usable hypertext (1994)
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- Abstract
- Large hypertext systems have been many benefits but can be difficult to build and use. To help overcome these obstacles, a method under development at Hewlett-Packard assists authors in creating usable hypertext. A Wizard of Oz experiment, to see what users liked and disliked, showed the need for a set of hypertext construction rules to ensure usability. Following these rules, and with computer assistance, authors are expected to do a tasks analysis of users' activities, to identify critical objects and create content nodes for them, to create links between nodes within clearly defined and cognitively justified limits, and to conduct usability tests on the resulting hypertext volume. The authoring system described has been developed for the HP help system, which has been adopted as the common help delivery system for developers of Common Open Systems Environment on Unix-like platforms
-
Carmel, E.; Crawford, S.; Chen, H.: Browsing in hypertext : a cognitive study (1992)
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- Abstract
- With the growth of hypertext and multimedia applications that support and encourage browsing it is time to take a penetrating look at browsing behaviour. Several dimensions of browsing are exemined, to find out: first, what is browsing and what cognitive processes are associated with it: second, is there a browsing strategy, and if so, are there any differences between how subject-area experts and novices browse; and finally, how can this knowledge be applied to improve the design of hypertext systems. Two groups of students, subject-area experts and novices, were studied while browsing a Macintosh HyperCard application on the subject The Vietnam War. A protocol analysis technique was used to gather and analyze data. Components of the GOMS model were used to describe the goals, operators, methods, and selection rules observed: Three browsing strategies were identified: (1) search-oriented browse, scanning and and reviewing information relevant to a fixed task; (2) review-browse, scanning and reviewing intersting information in the presence of transient browse goals that represent changing tasks, and (3) scan-browse, scanning for interesting information (without review). Most subjects primarily used review-browse interspersed with search-oriented browse. Within this strategy, comparisons between subject-area experts and novices revealed differences in tactics: experts browsed in more depth, seldom used referential links, selected different kinds of topics, and viewed information differently thatn did novices. Based on these findings, suggestions are made to hypertext developers
- Source
- IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. 22(1992) no.5, S.865-884
-
Guidon, J.; Pierre, S.: Hypertext and hypermedia for the production and utilization of interactive and distributed documents (1995)
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- Abstract
- The convergence of different fields, regrouping computer networks, multimedia, hypertext and new powerful software interfaces bring fresh approaches to the production, cataloguing and access of electronic documents. Hypertext organization brings the possibility of reading the document or navigating in a non-linear fashion. This will fundamentally alter reading, writing and publishing in future generations
-
Addison, E.R.; Nelson, P.E.: Intelligent hypertext (1992)
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- Abstract
- Traditional hypertext adds structure to electronic documents by linking related concepts. This hypertext is normally produced by the author that specialises in the production of electronic documents. Describes a system, ConQuest, that eliminates the need for hypertext produced by authors. ConQuest is a natural language, concept based text search, retrieval and browsing engine that automatically finds related concepts in a document using linguistic processing and a built in lexical knowledge base. Because of its high accuracy, ConQuest can link document concepts dynamically, acting as a form of intelligent hypertext
- Source
- 13th National Online Meeting. Ed.: M.E. Williams
-
Wang, W.; Rada, R.: Experiences with semantic net based hypermedia (1995)
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- Abstract
- The Many Using and Creating Hypermedia (MUCH) systems is based on the Dexter model and treats the storage layer as a semantic net. The MUCH system provides a numer of recommended link types for representing application domain concepts, such as thesauri, documents and annotations. users of the system are expected to use those link types in the course of authoring meaningful hypermedia. based on the logs of usage of the MUCH system over 2 years by over 200 people, contrary to the designers' expectations, users did not exploit the ability to type semantic links. Typically authors used the default link type regardless of their semantic intentions. When a link type other than the default type was chosen, that choice was often inconsistent with the way another user would able a similar link. The system has proven to be useful for authoring conventional documents. Authors, however, were not practically able to produce hypertext documents. Based on these experiences a new system, RICH (Reusable Intelligent Collaborative Hypermedia), has been designed and built which emphasizes rules for typing links and maintaining the integrity of the semantic net
-
Baoming, Z.: Authoring a hypertext database : experiences with HyperPAD (1993)
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- Abstract
- In a hypertext database, the information is presented as a network of nodes connected by links. Such nodes may be text, graphics, audio, video, and even other software. Although hypertext provides a new approach to information management, it also leaves a whole new set of problems for the designers of the hypertext database to solve. As the volume of information grows, the task of authoring a hypertext database becomes much more complex. In this article, the author presents the experiences during the development of a hypertext version of the user's guide for information services on JANET, in the UK, by using HyperPAD, a hypertext shell for the IBM PC. It may be the first step to explore the proper way to solve those problems which come together with the increasing application of hypertext
- Source
- Aslib proceedings. 45(1993) no.1, S.19-22
-
Borgman, C.L.; Walter, V.A.; Rosenberg, J.: ¬The Science Library Catalog project : comparison of children's searching behaviour in hypertext and a keyword search system (1991)
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- Abstract
- Reports on a continuing project to study children's use of a graphically-based direct manipulation interface for science materials. The Science Library Catalogue (SLC), a component of project SEED, has been implemented in the libraries of 21 elementary schools in Los Angeles and will soon be implemented in a public library. The interface employs a hierarchical structure drawn from the DDC and implemented in HyperCard on the Macintosh. The study on the 2nd version of the interface indicates that children are able to use the Science Library Catalogue unaided, with reasonable success in finding items. Search success on the same topics on a Boolean command driven system was equivalent, but Boolean searches were faster. However, the Boolean system was more sensitive to differences in age, with 12-year-olds having significantly better success rates than 10-year-olds; and to search topic, with one set of questions being much easier to search than the other. On average, children liked the 2 systems about the same; the Boolean system was more attractive to certain age and gender combinations, while the Science Library Catalogue was more consistently liked across groups. results are compared to prior studies on the Science Library Catalogue and other online catalogues
- Source
- ASIS '91: systems understanding people. Proc. of the 54th Annual Meeting of the ASIS, vol.28, Washington, DC, 27.-31.10.1991. Ed.: J.-M. Griffiths
-
Lavin, P.: ¬The World Wide Web : ready for use? (1994)
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- Abstract
- Author looks at how the Web and its associated bandwagon is likely to develop
-
Minitroff, A.; Wolfram, D.: Design issues in a hypertext-based information system for bibliographic retrieval (1993)
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- Source
- Integrating technologies - converging professions: proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Columbus, OH, 24-28 October 1993. Ed.: S. Bonzi
-
Heffron, J.K.; Dillon, A.; Mostafa, J.: Landmarks in the World Wide Web : a preliminary study (1996)
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- Source
- Global complexity: information, chaos and control. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, ASIS'96, Baltimore, Maryland, 21-24 Oct 1996. Ed.: S. Hardin
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Dimitroff, A.; Wolfram, D.: Searcher response in a hypertext-based bibliographic information retrieval system (1995)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(1995) no.1, S.22-29
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Perrott, R.; Smith, O.: ¬An experiment on the integration of hypertext within a multi-user retrieval system (1992)
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- Abstract
- Currently, few hypertext systems allow an author to incorporate electronic textual information into a hyperdocument without first copying it from the environment in which it is stored. In order to extend a hyperdocument, an author must either manually type in the new information or import a copy of the text. To avoid this inconvenience and thus improve the user's efficiency of operation, hypertext systems must be integrated into other environments so that an author can incorporate existing text into a hyperdocument without the necessity of duplicating the text. Presents the results of an investigation into how hypertext could be integrated with a multi-user text retrieval system and describes the design and implementation of a prototype system called Hyperbrowser
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Hawkins, R.: Something stirring out on the Web? (1994)
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- Abstract
- Author (editor of the Hitachi Data System's magazine 'Advantage') guages the crowd's reaction to Mosiac and the Web - and gives some insights into the significance the Web will have on people's working lives
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Kim, S.H.; Eastman, C.M.: ¬An experiment on node size in a hypermedia system (1999)
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- Date
- 22. 5.1999 9:35:20
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.6, S.530-536
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Falquet, G.; Guyot, J.; Nerima, L.: Languages and tools to specify hypertext views on databases (1999)
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- Date
- 26. 5.1996 11:11:10
21.10.2000 15:01:22
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Boyle, C.; Teh, S.H.; Williams, C.: ¬An empirical evaluation of hypertext interfaces (1990)
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- Abstract
- The success of hypertext as an information system will depend on its usability. Hypertext systems have mostly been built as research prototypes and paid little attention to user interface usability. Reports experiments conducted to measure the usabiliy of 6 well-known hypertext systems. The 1st experiment measures authoring speed and the 2nd browsing speed for novice users. Results show that the easiest systems to use, for novices, are those with the simplest models. Factors such as a high information band width (multiple card displays), an uncluttered sreen and simple interaction also contribute to usability. For authoring, NoteCards emerging as statistically faster than other systems
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Blustein, J.; Webber, R.E.; Tague-Sutcliffe, J.: Methods for evaluating the quality of hypertext links (1997)
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- Abstract
- Presents 2 methods for evaluating automatically generated hypertext links. The 1st method is based on correlations between shortest paths in the hypertext structure and a semantic similarity measure. Experimental results with the 1st methods show the degree to which the hypertext conversion process approximates semantic similarity. The semantic measure is in turn only an approximation of a user's internal model of the corpus. Proposes a 2nd evaluation method based on measuring user's performance using hypertext. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of computer versus human evaluation
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Horney, M.A.; Anderson-Inman, L.: ¬The ElectroText Project : hypertext reading patterns of middle school students (1994)
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- Abstract
- Reports a descriptive study conducted with 17 middle school students reading hypertext versions of two short stories. The study focused on gathering and analysing detailed information on students' use of various text enhancements designed to support their reading comprehension and to teach them the use of meta cognitive reading strategies. Data were collected via observations and interviews, as well as a computer monitor that recorded all student interactions with the hypertext documents. Analysis of the monitor transcripts led to the identification of 6 hypertext reading patterns: skimming, checking, reading, responding, studying and reviewing. The reading patterns varied considerable on at least 2 dimensions and their frequency of occurrence was felt to be influenced by such factors as software design, the instructional context, and the student's perception of the task
