Search (47 results, page 2 of 3)

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Abstract

The effects of link annotations on user search performance in hypertext environments having deep (layered) and shallow link structures were investigated in this study. Four environments were tested-layered-annotated, layered-unannotated, shallow-annotated, and shallow-unannotated. A single document was divided into 48 sections, and layered and unlayered versions were created. Additional versions were created by adding annotations to the links in the layered and unlayered versions. Subjects were given three queries of varying difficulty and then asked to find the answers to the queries that were contained within the hypertext environment to which they were randomly assigned. Correspondence between the wording links and queries was used to define difficulty level. The results of the study confirmed previous research that shallow link structures are better than deep (layered) link structures. Annotations had virtually no effect on the search performance of the subjects. The subjects performed similarly in the annotated and unannotated environments, regardless of whether the link structures were shallow or deep. An analysis of question difficulty suggests that the wording in links has primacy over the wording in annotations in influencing user search behavior.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.14, S.1255-1261

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Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.14, S.1210-1223

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Theme

Information

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Abstract

The first part of the chapter presents a synthesis of recent works in the domain of hyperbooks and introduces a general hyperbook model. In this model, a hyperbook is made of a knowledge structure, a set of informational fragment, links between the fragments and the knowledge structure, and a user interface specification. This specification is used to generate the actual reading interface which is a hypertext whose nodes and links are derived from the knowledge and fragment structures. The knowledge structure provides a mean to interconnect different hyperbooks in a semantically consistent way, so as to create digital libraries of hyperbooks. The second part explains in more details the knowledge structure alignment process that is at the heart of the semantic interconnection of hyper-books. The presentation is based on a real-world example, in the domain of agriculture. It also provides experimental results about the performance, in terms of precision and recall, of this process.

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Date

12. 8.2012 18:05:22

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Abstract

This paper presents our approach of using hypertext representations to support a scholar in the early stages of a scholarly writing process. We take D. A. Schoen's model of design as a theoretical framework. Schoen views design as a reflective conversation with the materials of a situation, where the designer interacts with the materials, such as pen and sketch on a sheet of paper, in the reflection-in-action process. The designer acts and reflects almost simultaneously; acting on external representations, interpreting emerging representations, and reacting to them. We argue that a scholar needs to engage in two different types of representations in the reflection-in-action process: external representations for thinking about the problem, and representations for expressing a solution in a publishable form. The former does not necessarily precede the latter; rather, the two representations coevolve through the reflection-in-action process. Our approach uses hypertext representations as a means to interact with in the early stages of scholarly writing both for thinking about the problem and for expressing a solution. Hypertext representations have long been studied in their relation to supporting human intellectual work; our approach, however, is unique in providing the two representations with a specific concern for supporting reflection-in-action by applying the concept called ART (Amplifying Representational Talkback) as an interaction design principle. Based on this framework, we have developed ART014, a tool for scholarly writing. ART014 simultaneously supports two types of hypertext representations: a column-based network hypertext representation and a spatial hypertext representation. The two representations are located side by side, and integrated when an interaction with one representation is reflected in the visual presentation of the other. Although a user operates on the same set of objects through the two representations, the user expresses relationships among the objects independently in the two representations. We present a scenario to illustrate in detail how the design concepts underpinning ART014 supports scholarly writing. This paper then discusses our approach from three viewpoints by using the scenario: use of the two representations, engagement in reflection-in-action, and modes of authoring. The paper concludes with a description of future directions.

Type

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Abstract

Hypertext Handbook provides a condensed and straightforward introduction to the main issues, concepts, and developments in both the application of hypertext technology and its interpretation by the academic community. It offers a concise history of the medium in a manner that will help readers to better understand contemporary directions in digital media technology. Hypertext Handbook provides a comprehensive guide to this complex concept and is designed to inform and inspire students and scholars alike.

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Source

Grundlagen der praktischen Information und Dokumentation. 5., völlig neu gefaßte Ausgabe. 2 Bde. Hrsg. von R. Kuhlen, Th. Seeger u. D. Strauch. Begründet von Klaus Laisiepen, Ernst Lutterbeck, Karl-Heinrich Meyer-Uhlenried. Bd.1: Handbuch zur Einführung in die Informationswissenschaft und -praxis

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Abstract

This technical note illustrates a number of uses of a hypermedia tool that serve various dimensions of individual PhD study, such as organizing notes, generating literature reviews, performing experiments, analysing results, publishing and presenting materials, and collaborating with supervisors and colleagues.

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Footnote

Rez. in: nfd 54(2003) H.8, S.497 (T. Mandl): "Gesetze der digitalen Anarchie - Hyperlinks im Internet entstehen als Ergebnis sozialer Prozesse und können auch als formaler Graph im Sinne der Mathematik interpretiert werden. Die Thematik Hyperlinks ist im Information Retrieval höchst aktuell, da Suchmaschinen die Link-Struktur bei der Berechnung ihrer Ergebnisse berücksichtigen. Algorithmen zur Bestimmung des "guten Rufs" einer Seite wie etwa PageRank von Google gewichten eine Seite höher, wenn viele links auf sie verweisen. Barabási erklärt dem Leser seines Buches darüber hinaus noch, wie es zu solchen Phänomenen kommt. Soziale Prozesse im Netz wirken so, dass bereits bekannte Seiten mit größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit auch wieder weitere Links oder neue Besucher anziehen. Barabási ist Physiker an der Notre-Dame University und ihm fehlt ebenso wie Huberman die informationswissenschaftliche Perspektive. Er fragt also kaum, wie kann das Wissen über Netzwerke zu Verbesserungen in Informationssystemen führen, die Benutzerbedürfnisse besser erfüllen. Gleichwohl lohnt sich die Lektüre auch für Informationswissenschaftler. Barabäsi stellt die aktuelle Forschung zur Netzwerkstruktur des Internets auf einfache Weise fast ohne Zugeständnisse an Aktualität und Komplexität dar. Wie Huberman verzichtet auch er weitgehend auf Formeln und andere Formalismen. Der in Ungarn geborene Barabási lässt darüber hinaus keine Anekdote aus, sei es über die Begründer der Graphen-Theorie, im peer-review abgelehnte Beiträge und persönliche Begegnungen mit anderen Forschern. Barabási beginnt mit einfachen Netzwerkstrukturen und schreitet didaktisch über internet-ähnliche Netzwerke weiter zu Anwendungen und praktischen Beispielen aus unterschiedlichsten Disziplinen. Er schafft mit seinem Buch "Linked" unter anderem Links zwischen der ungarischen Literatur, dem I-Love-You Computer-Virus, der Verbreitung von Aids, den Theorien Einsteins, den Aufsichtsräten der wichtigsten amerikanischen Firmen, dem Al-Qaeda-Netzwerk und der Struktur und der Funktion biologischer Zellen. Zu Beginn seines Buches berichtet Barabási von sogenannten kleinen Welten, in denen viele Objekte über wenige Verbindungen zusammenhängen. Ein Blick in den eigenen größeren Bekanntenkreis mag bestätigen, dass viele Menschen über wenige Schritte zwischen Bekannten erreichbar sind. Sowohl Barabäsi als auch Huberman gehen auf die Geschichte des ersten sozialwissenschaftlichen Experiments zu diesem Thema ein, das in den 1960er Jahren versuchte, die Anzahl von Schritten zwischen gemeinsamen Bekannten zu bestimmen, welche vom Mittleren Westen der USA an die Ostküste führt. Die genauere Struktur solcher Systeme, in denen manche Knoten weitaus mehr Beziehungen zu anderen eingehen als der Durchschnitt, führt hin zum Internet. Im Web lässt sich keineswegs immer ein Pfad zwischen zwei Knoten finden, wie noch vor wenigen Jahren vermutet wurde. Die durchschnittliche Entfernung war damals noch mit 19 Klicks berechnet worden. Vielmehr herrscht eine differenziertere Struktur, die Barabási vorstellt und in der zahlreiche Seiten in Sackgassen führen. Huberman wie Barabási diskutieren auch negative Aspekte des Internet. Während Huberman die Wartezeiten und Staus bei Downloads analysiert, bespricht Barabási die rasante Verbreitung von ComputerViren und weist auf die Grundlagen für diese Gefährdung hin. Das vorletzte Kapitel widmen übrigens beide Autoren den Märkten im Internet. Spätestens hier werden die wirtschaftlichen Aspekte von Netzwerken deutlich. Beide Titel führen den Leser in die neue Forschung zur Struktur des Internet als Netzwerk und sind leicht lesbar. Beides sind wissenschaftliche Bücher, wenden sich aber auch an den interessierten Laien. Das Buch von Barabási ist etwas aktueller, plauderhafter, länger, umfassender und etwas populärwissenschaftlicher."

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Abstract

Most existing hypermedia authoring systems are intended for use on desktop computers. These systems are typically designed for the creation of 2D documents and therefore employ 2D authoring mechanisms. In contrast, authoring systems for nontraditional multimedia/hypermedia experiences for 3D virtual or augmented worlds focus mainly on creating separate media objects and embedding them within the user's surroundings. As a result, linking these media objects to create 3D hypermedia is a tedious manual task. To address this issue, we present an authoring tool for creating and editing linked 3D hypermedia narratives that are interwoven with a wearable computer user's surrounding environment. Our system is designed for use by authors who are not programmers, and allows them to preview their results on a desktop workstation, as well as with an augmented or virtual reality system.

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Abstract

Currently, adaptive educational hypermedia systems (AEHSs) are described using nonuniform methods, depending on the specific view of the system, the application, or other parameters. There is no common language for expressing the functionality of AEHSs, hence these systems are difficult to compare and analyze. In this paper we investigate how a logical description can be employed to characterize adaptive educational hypermedia. We propose a definition of AEHSs based on first-order logic, characterize some AEHSs resulting from this formalism, and discuss the applicability of this approach.

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Abstract

Examines the concept of hypertext and how it relates to the World Wide Web, along with a discussion of why this is important to librarians. Includes examples of library Web pages and products that take advantage of the medium and some that do not, along with a specific discussion of crafting text, structure and linking for the Web.

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Abstract

This paper introduces the notion of context-aware mobile hypermedia. Context awareness means to take the users' context such as location, time, objective, community relations, etc., into account when browsing, searching, annotating, and linking. Attributes constituting the context of the user may be sensed automatically and/or be provided by the user directly. When mobile, the user may obtain context-aware hypermedia support on a variety of small and medium sized computing platforms such as mobile phones, PDAs, tablet PCs, and laptops. This paper introduces the HyCon (HyperContext) framework with an architecture for context-aware hypermedia. The architecture includes interfaces for a sensor tier encapsulating relevant sensors and represents the hypermedia objects in structures based on the XLink and RDF standards. A prototype called the HyConExplorer created with the framework is presented, and it is illustrated how the classical hypermedia features such as browsing, searching, annotating, linking, and collaboration are supported in context-aware hypermedia. Among the features of the HyConExplorer are real-time location-based searches via Google collecting hits within a specified nimbus around the user's GPS position. Finally, the use of scenarios for and evaluation of the use of the HyConExplorer in public school projects are discussed.

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Abstract

The design and development of web-based educational systems for people with special abilities have recently attracted the attention of the research community. However, although a number of systems that claim to meet accessibility needs and preferences are proposed, most of them are typically supported by hypermedia and multimedia educational content that is specially designed for the user targeted group. Such approaches prevent their user groups (both learners and their tutors) from accessing other available resources. Therefore, it is important to be able to built generic e-learning systems that would allow the reuse of existing learning resources in different accessibility demanding applications. To this end, in this article we propose a methodology for defining an accessibility application profile that captures the accessibility properties of learning objects in a standard form and we examine its application to the IEEE Learning Object Metadata (LOM) standard.

Type

a

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Abstract

The paradigm shift from the old system centered view to a user centered approach involves new tools needed for accessing library resources under the condition that the user's needs are taken into account. An end-user, who has only a little knowledge of classification systems or thesauri, understands little of the mode of the representation of contents and the use of authority lists. In addition, he will have difficulty in formulating his question in a precise manner. He needs to know better what the library proposes in order to define of what use it would be for him. Many studies have been carried out on the use of controlled vocabularies (classification, authority lists, thesauri) as searching devices. It is surprising to find that relatively little attention has been given to the role of these tools in filtering and browsing processes. We have developed a prototype named CATHIE (CATalog Hypertextuel Interactif et Enrichi) that supports such filtering and interactive reformulation features

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Abstract

This paper introduces the notion of physical hypermedia, addressing the problem of organizing material in mixed digital and physical environments. Based on empirical studies, we propose concepts for collectional actions and meta-data actions, and present prototypes combining principles from augmented reality and hypermedia to support organization of mixtures of digital and physical materials. Our prototype of a physical hypermedia system is running on an augmented architect's desk and digital walls utilizing Radio Frequency Identifier (RFID) tags as well as visual tags tracked by cameras. It allows users to tag physical materials, and have these tracked by readers (antennas) that may become pervasive in our work environments. In the physical hypermedia system, we work with three categories of RFID tags: simple object tags, collectional tags, and tooltags invoking operations such as grouping and linking of physical material. In addition, we utilize visual ARToolKit tags for linking and navigating 3D models on a physical desk. Our primary application domain is architecture and design, and so we discuss the use of augmented collectional artifacts primarily for this domain.

Type

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Abstract

While hypertext is often claimed to be a tool that especially aids associative thinking, intellectual "work" involves more than association. So, questions arise about the usefulness of hypertext tools in the more disciplined aspects of scholarly and argumentative writing. Examining the phases of scholarly writing reveals that different hypertext tools can aid different phases of intellectual work in ways other than associative thinking. Spatial hypertext is relevant at all phases, while page-and-link hypertext is more appropriate to some phases than others.

Type

a