Search (67 results, page 1 of 4)

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Abstract

We present a declarative language for the construction of hypertext views on databases. The language is based on an object-oriented data model and a simple hypertext model with reference and inclusion links. A hypertext view specification consists in a collection of parameterized node schemes which specify how to construct node and links instances from the database contents. We show how this language can express different issues in hypertext view design. These include: the direct mapping of objects to nodes; the construction of complex nodes based on sets of objects; the representation of polymorphic sets of objects; and the representation of tree and graph structures. We have defined sublanguages corresponding to particular database models (relational, semantic, object-oriented) and implemented tools to generate Web views for these database models

Date

21.10.2000 15:01:22

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Abstract

This paper presents our approach of using hypertext representations to support a scholar in the early stages of a scholarly writing process. We take D. A. Schoen's model of design as a theoretical framework. Schoen views design as a reflective conversation with the materials of a situation, where the designer interacts with the materials, such as pen and sketch on a sheet of paper, in the reflection-in-action process. The designer acts and reflects almost simultaneously; acting on external representations, interpreting emerging representations, and reacting to them. We argue that a scholar needs to engage in two different types of representations in the reflection-in-action process: external representations for thinking about the problem, and representations for expressing a solution in a publishable form. The former does not necessarily precede the latter; rather, the two representations coevolve through the reflection-in-action process. Our approach uses hypertext representations as a means to interact with in the early stages of scholarly writing both for thinking about the problem and for expressing a solution. Hypertext representations have long been studied in their relation to supporting human intellectual work; our approach, however, is unique in providing the two representations with a specific concern for supporting reflection-in-action by applying the concept called ART (Amplifying Representational Talkback) as an interaction design principle. Based on this framework, we have developed ART014, a tool for scholarly writing. ART014 simultaneously supports two types of hypertext representations: a column-based network hypertext representation and a spatial hypertext representation. The two representations are located side by side, and integrated when an interaction with one representation is reflected in the visual presentation of the other. Although a user operates on the same set of objects through the two representations, the user expresses relationships among the objects independently in the two representations. We present a scenario to illustrate in detail how the design concepts underpinning ART014 supports scholarly writing. This paper then discusses our approach from three viewpoints by using the scenario: use of the two representations, engagement in reflection-in-action, and modes of authoring. The paper concludes with a description of future directions.

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Abstract

Navigating through hyperlinks within a Web site to look for information from one of its Web pages without the support of a site map can be inefficient and ineffective. Although the content of a Web site is usually organized with an inherent structure like a topic hierarchy, which is a directed tree rooted at a Web site's homepage whose vertices and edges correspond to Web pages and hyperlinks, such a topic hierarchy is not always available to the user. In this work, we studied the problem of automatic generation of Web sites' topic hierarchies. We modeled a Web site's link structure as a weighted directed graph and proposed methods for estimating edge weights based on eight types of features and three learning algorithms, namely decision trees, naïve Bayes classifiers, and logistic regression. Three graph algorithms, namely breadth-first search, shortest-path search, and directed minimum-spanning tree, were adapted to generate the topic hierarchy based on the graph model. We have tested the model and algorithms on real Web sites. It is found that the directed minimum-spanning tree algorithm with the decision tree as the weight learning algorithm achieves the highest performance with an average accuracy of 91.9%.

Date

22. 3.2009 12:51:47

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Abstract

The h-journal is both a networked information tool and a new, evolving genre of electronic documents that aims to support the information work of practitioners. Discusses the features and application of the h-journal that were needed for information work in health sciences reference librarianship

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Abstract

HIFI (ESPRIT project 6532) creates a set of tools to allow a reader to access a large body of heterogeneous information, managed by external databases created beforehand, through a hypertext interface. The HIFI approach is a model-based description of the hypertext application as it appears to the reader. A declarative and/or operational mapping translates hypertext operations (search, queries and navigation) into operations on the underlying information base and also 'materialises' hypertext objects, using objects of the underlying databases. The system supports hypertext development. Illustrates this with the cooperation of end users as partners or project sponsors

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Date

19.10.1995 10:22:53

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Abstract

Although the object-oriente paradigm is well suited for modelling self-contained independent objects, it is not suited for modelling persistent relations (static links) between abstract data objects. At the same time, the concept of computer-navigable links is an integral part of hypermedia paradigm. In contrast to multimedia, where the object-oriented paradigm plays a leading role, the 'static link' deficiency considerably reduces the application of object-oriented methods in hypermedia. Presents a new logical data model (the HM Data Model) which incorporates the well-known principles of object-oriented data modelling into the management of large-scale, multi-user hypermedia databases. The model is based on the notion of abstract hypermedia data objects called S-collections. Computer-navigable links approach not only overcomes the static link deficiency of the object-oriented paradigm, but also supports modularity, incremental development, and flexible versioning, and provides a solid logical basis for sematic modelling

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Abstract

The C(K)onstance Hypertext System (KHS) is an elaborated example of an open hypertext system. Open hypertext systems combine heterogeneous resources and different hypertext applications such as e-mail, text and image hypertexts with access to online databases or other information resources. These hypertexts, to which heterogeneous users have access, grow steadily in size. This paper takes an object-oriented approach and proposes a rigorous typing of hypertext objects to overcome the problems of open hypertext. The advantage of this typing is shown on an e-mail hypertext as a special application of the KHS system. KHS is written in Smalltalk and is being developed on UNIX-machines

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Date

22. 2.1997 19:40:31

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Date

22. 7.1998 18:23:25

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Abstract

In important stage in the process of retrieval of objects from a hypertext database is the creation of a set of inter-nodal links that are intended to represent the relationships existing between objects; this operation is often undertaken manually, just as index terms are often manually assigned to documents in a conventional retrieval system. Studies of conventional systems have suggested that a degree of consistency in the terms assigned to documents by indexers is positively associated with retrieval effectiveness. It is thus of interest to investigate the consistency of assignment of links in separate hypertext versions of the same full-text document, since a measure of agreement may be related to the subsequent utility of the resulting hypertext databases. The calculation of values indicating the degree of similarity between objects is a technique that has been widely used in the fields of textual and chemical information retrieval; in this paper we describe the application of arithmetic coefficients and topological indices to the measurement of the degree of similarity between the sets of inter-nodal links in hypertext databases. We publish the results of a study in which several different of links are inserted, by different people, between the paragraphs of each of a number of full-text documents. Our results show little similary between the sets of links identified by different people; this finding is comparable with those of studies of inter-indexer consistency, where it has been found that there is generally only a low level of agreement between the sets of idenx terms assigned to a document by different indexers

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Abstract

Most existing hypermedia authoring systems are intended for use on desktop computers. These systems are typically designed for the creation of 2D documents and therefore employ 2D authoring mechanisms. In contrast, authoring systems for nontraditional multimedia/hypermedia experiences for 3D virtual or augmented worlds focus mainly on creating separate media objects and embedding them within the user's surroundings. As a result, linking these media objects to create 3D hypermedia is a tedious manual task. To address this issue, we present an authoring tool for creating and editing linked 3D hypermedia narratives that are interwoven with a wearable computer user's surrounding environment. Our system is designed for use by authors who are not programmers, and allows them to preview their results on a desktop workstation, as well as with an augmented or virtual reality system.

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Abstract

Producing an effective hyperdocument requires considerable work and a surprising diversity of skills. In addition to being good writers, the authors should have abilities in design, user-interfaces, testing, structuring and maintenance. This paper will analyse the work that goes into producing production-quality hyperdocuments and what the cost/benefits are. It is assumed that the reader, though not necessarily a hypertext expert, knows what hypertext is

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Abstract

Describes an SGL relational database schema for representing the objects in HyperCard, along with a technique for automatically populating this schema from a HyperCard stack using the facilities in HyperTalk with calls to the database manager. The stabndard relational database query language SQL can then be used to perform more general hypertext searches than are possible with the string search feature found in most hypertext browsing environments. These techniques, although demonstrated specially usinf HyperCard and Oracle for Macintosh, are generally applicable to a wide range of hypertext systems and relational databases

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Abstract

Provides definitions of hypertext, multimedia and hypermedia. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of hypermedia systems. Outlines a knowledge based approach in developing a hypermedia system using frames (objects), slots and relations between them. Inheritance is used to project features from one object to another. Discusses the presentation of information. Compares hypermedia and databases. Examines the reading and processing of hypermedia information according to the interaction method; structural responsibility and the extent of orientation

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Abstract

Presents a 3 facet adaptive authoring model for online hypermedia information systems. It provides spatial reconfiguration of the presentation objects based on activation frequency, information content customization based on author specified criteria, and hypergraphic network optimization based on usage. Discusses the theory underlying the model, its architecture and hypermedia structure, and provides a preliminary quantitative measure and evaluation of its impact on authoring time, as well as study time

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Abstract

Examines the use of hypertexts as a tool to present educational material by projecting its nodes. The reader becomes a spectator who is passively subject to the navigation effected by the speaker. The author extends his influence to the reading process by navigating according to his own requirements. Presents a prototype developed specifically to increase the efficiency of a hypertext used for this form of communication, allowing the teacher to choose which objects will be projected and when they will appear

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Abstract

While hypertext is often claimed to be a tool that especially aids associative thinking, intellectual "work" involves more than association. So, questions arise about the usefulness of hypertext tools in the more disciplined aspects of scholarly and argumentative writing. Examining the phases of scholarly writing reveals that different hypertext tools can aid different phases of intellectual work in ways other than associative thinking. Spatial hypertext is relevant at all phases, while page-and-link hypertext is more appropriate to some phases than others.

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Abstract

Large hypertext systems have been many benefits but can be difficult to build and use. To help overcome these obstacles, a method under development at Hewlett-Packard assists authors in creating usable hypertext. A Wizard of Oz experiment, to see what users liked and disliked, showed the need for a set of hypertext construction rules to ensure usability. Following these rules, and with computer assistance, authors are expected to do a tasks analysis of users' activities, to identify critical objects and create content nodes for them, to create links between nodes within clearly defined and cognitively justified limits, and to conduct usability tests on the resulting hypertext volume. The authoring system described has been developed for the HP help system, which has been adopted as the common help delivery system for developers of Common Open Systems Environment on Unix-like platforms

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Abstract

The concept of a system combining information in both textual and pictorial format was first suggested by Vannevar Bush in 1945. The present hypermedia system was originally developed by Tim Berners Lee at CERN in 1989 and provides access to brief documents, which are interlinked and contain text, images, sound and video. The system has become widely available through the WWW, which enables users to 'navigate' through related information. Recent developments include the ability to view objects in virtual reality and the automatic generation of document links