Search (34 results, page 1 of 2)

  • × theme_ss:"Information"
  • × type_ss:"a"
  • × year_i:[1970 TO 1980}
  1. Kolakowski, L.: ¬Das Suchen nach der Gewißheit (1973) 0.01 
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    Pages
    S.121-140
    Source
    Information und Imagination: Vorträge von Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, Golo Mann u.a
  2. Weizsäcker, C.F. von: Information und Imagination (1973) 0.01 
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    Pages
    S.11-32
    Source
    Information und Imagination. Vorträge von .
  3. Weizsäcker, C. von: Materie, Energie, Information : Vorbereitende Diskussionsbemerkung, Jahresversammlung, Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, Halle, 14.-17. Okt. 1971. (1971) 0.01 
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    Source
    Nova Acta Leopoldina. 37(1971) H.1 (Nr.206), S.503-510
  4. Bruner, J.: From communication to language (1975) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Bruner war der erste Erforscher des Spracherwerbs von Kindern, der Wittgensteins Problem zu würdigen wußte und eine Antwort darauf vorschlug. Wittgensteins allgemeinem Ansatz folgend, behauptete Bruner, daß das Kind den konventionellen Gebrauch eines sprachlichen Symbols dadurch erwirbt, daß es lernt, an einer Interaktionsform (Lebensform, Szene gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit) teilzunehmen, die es zunächst nichtsprachlich versteht, so daß die Sprache des Erwachsenen in geteilten Erfahrungen verankert werden kann, deren soziale Bedeutung es schon begreift. Eine Schlüsselkomponente dieses Prozesses ist zunächst ein Kind, das Erwachsene als intentionale Wesen auffassen kann, so daß es in bestimmten Kontexten seine Aufmerksamkeit mit ihnen teilen kann. Eine andere Komponente ist jedoch die bereits existierende, äußere soziale Welt, in der das Kind lebt. Um Sprache zu erwerben, muß das Kind in einer Welt leben, die strukturierte soziale Tätigkeiten aufweist, die es verstehen kann, so wie unser hypothetischer Besucher Ungarns das Kaufen von Fahrkarten und das Reisen mit Zügen verstand. Für Kinder bedeutet das häufig die Wiederkehr derselben routinemäßigen, allgemeinen Aktivität, so daß sie erkennen können, wie diese Aktivität aufgebaut ist und wie die verschiedenen sozialen Rollen in ihr funktionieren. Wenn wir am Spracherwerb interessiert sind, muß der Erwachsene außerdem ein neues sprachliches Symbol auf eine solche Weise verwenden, die das Kind als relevant für die gemeinsame Tätigkeit erkennen kann (nämlich im Gegensatz zur unvermittelten Ansprache des Ungarn auf dem Bahnhof). Wenn ein Kind in eine Welt geboren werden würde, in der dieselbe Art von Ereignis nie wiederkehrte, derselbe Gegenstand nie zweimal erschiene und Erwachsene nie dieselben Ausdrücke im selben Kontext verwendeten, dann würde im allgemeinen schwer zu sehen sein, wie dieses Kind eine natürliche Sprache erwerben könnte, welche kognitiven Fähigkeiten es auch immer haben möge. Eine Reihe von Untersuchungen hat gezeigt, daß Kinder nach ersten Fortschritten beim Spracherwerb neue Wörter am besten in Szenen gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit lernen. Oft handelt es sich dabei um solche, die in ihrer täglichen Erfahrung wiederkehren, wie Baden, Füttern, Windelwechseln, Vorlesen und Autofahren. Diese Tätigkeiten sind in vielen Hinsichten analog zu dem Szenario des Fahrkartenkaufs auf einem Bahnhof, insofern das Kind seine eigenen und die Ziele des Erwachsenen in der jeweiligen Situation versteht, was ihm ermöglicht, die Relevanz des Sprachverhaltens des Erwachsenen für diese Ziele zu erschließen. So stellten Tomasello und Todd fest, daß Kinder, die mit ihren Müttern längere Zeit bei Tätigkeiten gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit im Alter zwischen zwölf und achtzehn Monaten verbrachten, mit achtzehn Monaten ein größeres Vokabular hatten. Bei der Sprachverwendung Erwachsener innerhalb dieser Szenen gemeinsamer Aufmerksamkeit fanden Tomasello und Farrar sowohl korrelative als auch experimentelle Belege für die Hypothese, daß Mütter, die Sprache beim Versuch verwendeten, der Aufmerksamkeit ihrer Kinder zu folgen (d. h. über einen Gegenstand zu sprechen, der schon im Brennpunkt des Interesses und der Aufmerksamkeit des Kindes stand), Kinder mit einem größeren Vokabular hatten als Mütter, die Sprache beim Versuch verwendeten, die Aufmerksamkeit des Kindes auf etwas Neues zu lenken.
    Source
    Cognition. 3(1975) S.255-287
  5. Klein, W.: Organisation des Wissens durch Sprache : Konsequenzen für die maschinelle Sprachanalyse (1977) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Das Wissen, das sich die Menschen zu einer bestimmten Zeit erworben haben glauben, wird weiterhin mit Hilfe der natürlichen Sprache festgehalten ("kodifiziert") und weitervermittelt. Zu diesem in natürlich-sprachlichen Äußerungen kodifizierten Wissen hat man jedoch mit einem Computer kaum direkten Zugang. Zwar bemüht man sich seit vielen Jahren mit zum Teil erheblichem Aufwand um beispielsweise automatische Informationserschließung, maschinelle Sprachübersetzung und Mensch-Maschine-Dialoge in natürlicher Sprache, aber die Ergebnisse sind bescheiden. Verantwortlich für den in diesen Bereichen vergleichsweise geringen Erfolg sind verschiedene Eigenschaften der natürlichen Sprachen, die - im Gegensatz zu formalen Sprachen (wie Programmiersprachen, gängige logische Sprachen) - die maschinelle Informationserschließung erschweren
    Source
    IBM Nachrichten. 27(1977), S.11-17
  6. Bar-Hillel, Y.: Wesen und Bedeutung der Informationstheorie (1971) 0.00 
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    Pages
    S.9-31
  7. Frey, G.: Semantische Probleme der Informationstheorie und Kybernetik (1971) 0.00 
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    Pages
    S.32-54
  8. Hörz, H.: Information, sign, image (1975) 0.00 
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    Pages
    S.201-210.
    Source
    Entropy and information in science and philosophy. Ed.: L. Kubat u. J. Zeman
  9. Barnes, R.F.: Information and decision (1975) 0.00 
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    Pages
    S.105-117
    Source
    Perspectives in information science. Ed.: A. Debons u. W.J. Cameron
  10. Eigen, M.: Wie entsteht Information? : Prinzipien der Selbstorganisation in der Biologie (1976) 0.00 
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    Source
    Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie. 80(1976), S.1059-1081
  11. Reddy, M.J.: ¬The conduit metaphor : a case of frame conflict in our language about language (1979) 0.00 
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    Pages
    S.284-324
  12. Broadbent, D.E.: ¬The magic number seven after 15 years (1975) 0.00 
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    Pages
    S. - .
    Source
    Studies in long-term memory. Ed.: R.A. Kennedy u. A. Wilkes
  13. Stent, G.: Explicit and implicit semantic content of genetic information (1977) 0.00 
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    Pages
    S.131-149
    Source
    Foundational problems in the special sciences. Ed.: H. Butts
  14. Brookes, B.C.: Measurement in information science : objective and subjective metrical space (1979) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    It is argued that in information science we have to distinguish physical, objective, or document space from perspective, subjective, or information space. These two spaces are like maps and landscapes: each is a systematic distortion of the other. However, transformations can be easily made once the two spaces are distinguished. If the transformations are omitted we only get unhelpful physical solutions to information problems
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 30(1979), S.248-255
  15. Hollnagel, E.: ¬The relation between intention, meaning and action (1979) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    A defintion of the meaning of a text should not be based on the concept of truth, but on the concepts of intention and action. Uses the cybernetic paradigm of communication in which the purpose of communication is taken to be the control of a system's behaviour with the intention of regulating action in the system. The meaning of the action is thus that interpretation most consistent with the receiving system's model of the sending system. Discusses the applicability of the model to a man-machine system, and examines implications of the analysis
    Pages
    S.135-147
  16. Chaitin, G.J.: Algorithmic information theory (1977) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper reviews algorithmic information theory, which is an attempt to apply information-theoretic and probabilistic ideas to recursive function theory. Typical concerns in this approach are, for example, the number of bits of information required to specify an algorithm, or the probability that a program whose bits are chosen by coin flipping produces a given output. During the past few years the definitions of algorithmic information theory have been reformulated. The basic features of the new formalism are presented here and certain results of R. M. Solovay are reported.
    Source
    IBM journal research and development. 21(1977) no.4, S.350-359
  17. Reball, S.: Ansätze zu einer semiotischen Informationstheorie (1970) 0.00 
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    Source
    Informatik. 17(1970) H.1, S.11-17
  18. Artandi, S.: Information concepts and their utility (1973) 0.00 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 24(1973), S.242-245
  19. Peil, J.: Einige Bemerkungen zu Problemen der Anwendung des Informationsbegriffs in der Biologie (1973) 0.00 
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  20. Farradane, J.: ¬The nature of information (1979) 0.00 
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    Source
    Journal of information science. 1(1979) no.1, S.13-17

Authors

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  • e 21
  • d 13