Search (238 results, page 1 of 12)

  • × theme_ss:"Information"
  • × type_ss:"a"
  • × year_i:[1990 TO 2000}
  1. Green, A.-M.; Higgins, M.: "Making out" with new media : young people and new information and communication technology (1997) 0.10
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    Abstract
    Reports on a survey of teenagers at a school in Edinburgh, Scotland, conducted as part of the Household Information System (HIS) project at Queen Margaret College. HIS has attempted to apply organizational models of information management to non organizational contexts such as households. Information management concepts have also been complemented by reference to research from sociology and media and cultural studies into the domestic consumption of technologies. Previous HIS research has suggested that notions of technological convergence proposed by producers and suppliers of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are not shared by consumers who prefer to keep their television and computing devioces separate. Television is most often associated with relaxation and entertainment, computing with work and education. However, there is some evidence that expertise with regard to new ICTs is the province of children rather than adults in many homes, a trend which may indicate as inversion of traditional patterns of knowledge dispersal in adult child relationships
    Source
    Proceedings of the 2nd British-Nordic Conference on Library and Information Studies, Edinburgh, 1997. Organized by the British Association for Information and Library Education (BAILER). Ed.: Micheline Beaulieu et al
  2. Perry, M.: Process, representation and taskworld : Distributed cognition and the organisation of information (1999) 0.08
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    Abstract
    This paper shows a technique for examining information within its context, drawing together threads from anthropology, sociology, psychology, and organisational theory. As stated in the call for papers, the formalisation of `things' `into formation' is a partial, precarious and political activity. On the other hand, when applied appropriately, this process can also be a powerful means of achieving an understanding about a setting, albeit with a particular perspective. One such approach is presented here of looking at this idea of `information' as both the product of an analysis, and its use in an organising capacity. There is an applied need for providing rich descriptions of action in real world settings both in the development of work-appropriate technology, and to support organisational change. This requirement has lead to, and been informed by, the development of theoretical frameworks to organise this information. Amongst others, these include ethnomethodology, situation theory, actor network theory and activity theory. A relatively new framework that allows researchers to organise task related information about activity and context is distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a,b), developed specifically to analyse and provide resources for redesigning systems (Rogers & Ellis, 1994) by examining their information processing characteristics.
    Source
    Exploring the contexts of information behaviour: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Research in Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts, 13-15 August 1998, Sheffield, UK. Ed. by D.K. Wilson u. D.K. Allen
  3. Brier, S.: Cybersemiotics : a new interdisciplinary development applied to the problems of knowledge organisation and document retrieval in information science (1996) 0.07
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    Abstract
    This article is a contribution to the development of a comprehensive interdisciplinary theory of LIS in the hope of giving a more precise evaluation of its current problems. The article describes an interdisciplinary framework for LIS, especially information retrieval (IR), in a way that goes beyond the cognitivist 'information processing paradigm'. The main problem of this paradigm is that its concept of information and laguage does not deal in a systematic way with how social and cultural dynamics set the contexts that determine the meaning of those signs and words that are the basic tools for the organisation and retrieving of documents in LIS. The paradigm does not distinguish clearly enough between how the computer manipulates signs and how librarians work with meaning in practice when they design and run document mediating systems. The 'cognitive viewpoint' of Ingwersen and Belkin makes clear that information is not objective, but rather only potential, until it is interpreted by an individual mind with its own internal mental world view and purposes. It facilitates futher study of the social pragmatic conditions for the interpretation of concepts. This approach is not yet fully developed. The domain analytic paradigm of Hjoerland and Albrechtsen is a conceptual realisiation of an important aspect of this area. In the present paper we make a further development of a non-reductionistic and interdisciplinary view of information and human social communication by texts in the light of second-order cybernetics, where information is seen as 'a difference which makes a difference' for a living autopoietic (self-organised, self-creating) system. Other key ideas are from the semiotics of Peirce and also Warner. This is the understanding of signs as a triadic relation between an object, a representation and an interpretant. Information is the interpretation of signs by living, feeling, self-organising biological, psychological and social systems. Signification is created and controlled in an cybernetic way within social systems and is communicated through what Luhman calls generalised media, such as science and art. The modern socio-linguistic concept 'discourse communities' and Wittgenstein's 'language gane' concept give a further pragmatic description of the self-organising system's dynamic that determines the meaning of words in a social context. As Blair and Liebenau and Backhouse point out in their work it is these semantic fields of significance that are the true pragmatic tools of knowledge organisation and document retrieval. Methodologically they are the first systems to be analysed when designing document mediating systems as they set the context for the meaning of concepts. Several practical and analytical methods from linguistics and the sociology of knowledge can be used in combination with standard methodology to reveal the significant language games behind document mediation
    Footnote
    Extended and revised version of a PhD dissertation, Roskilde University, 1994
    Source
    Journal of documentation. 52(1996) no.3, S.296-344
  4. Information literacy : a position paper on information problem solving; American Association of School Librarians Position Statement (1995) 0.02
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    Abstract
    Adopted and formatted in 1994 and reprinted with the permission of the American Association of School Librarians. Information literacy is the term being applied to the skills of information problem solving. Identifies the key elements of information literacy and presents a rationale for integrating information literacy into all aspects of the K-12 and post secondary curriculum
    Date
    11. 4.1996 14:22:40
    Editor
    American Association of School Librarians
  5. Robertson, G.: What is information? (1996) 0.02
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    Abstract
    Discusses information in the context of information resources management arguing that it is an essential resource for every organization but one that needs to be managed better. Examines information as a resource, as an asset, as a commodity, as a rubbish
    Source
    Managing information. 3(1996) no.6, S.22-23
  6. fwt: Wie das Gehirn Bilder 'liest' (1999) 0.02
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:01:22
  7. Infield, N.: Capitalising on knowledge : if knowledge is power, why don't librarians rule the world? (1997) 0.02
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    Abstract
    While knowledge management is seen to be the biggest thing to hit the information profession since the Internet, the concept is surrounded by confusion. Traces the progress of knowledge on the information continuum which extends from data to informed decision. The reason for which knowledge management has suddenly become inluential is that its principal proponents now are not information professionals but management consultants seeking to retain their intellectual capital. Explains the reasons for this, the practical meaning of knowledge management and what information professionals should be doing to take advantage of the vogue
    Source
    Information world review. 1997, no.130, S.22
  8. Dillon, A.; Vaughan, M.: "It's the journey and the destination" : shape and the emergent property of genre in evaluating digital documents (1997) 0.02
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    Abstract
    Navigation is a limited metaphor for hypermedia and website use that potentially constraints our understanding of human-computer interaction. Traces the emergence of the navigation metaphor and the emprical analysis of navigation measures in usability evaluation before suggesting an alternative concept to consider: shape. The shape concept affords a richer analytic tool for considering humans' use of digital documents and invokes social level analysis of meaning that are shared among discourse communities who both produce and consume the information resources
    Date
    6. 2.1999 20:10:22
    Source
    New review of hypermedia and multimedia. 1997, no.3, S.91-106
  9. Cawkell, T.: ¬The information age : for better or for worse (1998) 0.02
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    Abstract
    Although the 'information poor' are already present, the arrival of a much greater gap between the 'information poor' and 'information rich' is forecast in the book: Sovereign individual, by J.D. Davidson and W. Rees-Mogg. Concludes that, if the events forecast in the book come about, there will not be an information society but an unacceptable society
    Date
    3. 1.1999 14:40:22
    Source
    Journal of information science. 24(1998) no.1, S.56-58
  10. Cole, C.: Activity of understanding a problem during interaction with an 'enabling' information retrieval system : modeling information flow (1999) 0.02
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    Abstract
    This article is about the mental coding processes involved in the flow of 'information' when the user is interacting with an 'enabling' information retrieval system. An 'enabling' IR system is designed to stimulate the user's grasping towards a higher understanding of the information need / problem / task that brought the user to the IR system. C. Shannon's (1949/1959) model of the flow of information and K.R. Popper's (1975) 3 worlds concept are used to diagram the flow of information between the user and system when the user receives a stimulating massage, with particluar emphasis on the decoding and encoding operations involved as the user processes the message. The key difference between the model of information flow proposed here and the linear transmission, receiver-oriented model now in use is that we assume that users of a truly interactive, 'enabling' IR system are primarily message senders, not passive receivers of the message, because they must create a new message back to the system, absed on a reconceptualization of their information need, while they are 'online' interacting with the system
    Date
    22. 5.1999 14:51:49
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.6, S.544-552
  11. Fujiwara, Y.; Gotoda, H.: Representation model for relativity of concepts (1995) 0.02
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    Abstract
    When modelling pieces of unstructured information, such as full text forms, it is often necessary to recognize them based on a semantic principle, through which properties of information can be derived. Since there are several semantic principles that are related to each other, the resulting properties are also mutually relevant. This relevance is called 'relativity of concepts', whose modelling is indispensible to dealing exclusively with such properties of information that are invariant under the change of the underlying semantic principles. This paper uses the self-structured semantic relationship model to account for the relativity of concepts. More specifically, a set of local views rather than a single global view are introduced to the model, which greatly enhances the flexibility of the model's expressive power. Furthermore, semantic equivalence between the view-based information structures is also formalized in the proposed model. This truns out to be useful when integrating pieces of information that are structure based on different principles
    Source
    International forum on information and documentation. 20(1995) no.1, S.22-30
  12. Allen, B.L.: Visualization and cognitve abilities (1998) 0.02
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    Abstract
    The idea of obtaining subject access to information by being able to visualize an information space, and to navigate through that space toward useful or interesting information, is attractive and plausible. However, this approach to subject access requires additional cognitive processing associated with the interaction of cognitive facilities that deal with concepts and those that deal with space. This additional cognitive processing may cause problems for users, particularly in dealing with the dimensions, the details, and the symbols of information space. Further, it seems likely that different cognitive abilities are associated with conceptual and spatial cognition. As a result, users who deal well with subject access using traditional conceptual approaches may experience difficulty in using visualization and navigation. An experiment designed to investigate the effects of different cognitive abilities on the use of both conceptual and spatial representations of information is outlined
    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
    Imprint
    Urbana-Champaign, IL : Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
    Source
    Visualizing subject access for 21st century information resources: Papers presented at the 1997 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 2-4 Mar 1997, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ed.: P.A. Cochrane et al
  13. Oxbrow, N.: Information literacy : the final key to an information society (1998) 0.02
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    Abstract
    The terms: information society, the information age, the knowledge based society and the knowledge driven economy are all now familiar terms. Governments have been promoting them, the media has been reporting on them and leaders use them to indicate progress and advancement. In light of all this exposure, considers just how far along the road are these societies from the industrial age towards the information age
    Date
    22. 5.1999 19:55:13
  14. Bruce, C.S.: ¬The relational approach : a new model for information literacy (1997) 0.02
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    Abstract
    The dominant approaches in information literacy scholarship and research conflict with constructivist approaches to learning preferred by educators. Proposes an alternative, 'relational', model of information literacy which reveals a picture of information literacy that is constructed in terms of varying relations between people and information. These relations are captured in 7 categories, graphially conveyed through awareness structures, which together represent information literacy as it is experienced. Information literacy education may be interpreted as helping people to experience information use differently. This model demonstrates that: the meanings associated with information literacy by information professionals may not be shared by users; the experienced meaning of information literacy is fluid and contextually bound; and, understanding of information literacy and related concepts will deepen if the experience of information users is given priority in research. Proposes an agenda for information literacy research based upon the relational approach
    Source
    New review of information and library research. 3(1997), S.1-22
  15. Verdi, M.P.; Kulhavy, R.W.; Stock, W.A.; Rittscho, K.A.; Savenye, W.: Why maps improve memory for text : the influence of structural information on working-memory operations (1993) 0.02
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    Abstract
    In order to test how associated verbal and spatial stimuli are processed in memory, undergraduates studied a reference map as either an intact unit or as a series of individual features, and read a text containing facts related to map features. In Addition, the map was presented either before or after reading the text. Seeing the intact map prior to the text led to better recall of both map information and facts from the text. These results support a dual coding modell, where stimuli such as maps possess a retrieval advantage because they allow simultaneous representation in working memory. This advantage occurs because information from the map can be used to cue retrieval of associated verbal facts, without exceeding the processing constraints of the memorial system
    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:18:18
    Source
    European journal of cognitive psychology. 5(1993) no.4, S.375-392
  16. Essers, J.; Schreinemakers, J.: ¬The conceptions of knowledge and information in knowledge management (1996) 0.02
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    Abstract
    The emergence of Knowledge Management (KM) over the last decade has triggered the question how or even whether this new management discipline can be distinguished from the established field of Information Management (IM). In this paper we critically examine this demarcation issue from two angles. First we will investigate to what extent the difference between IM and KM can be anchored an a conceptual distinction between their respective objects: information and knowledge. After having shown that this widely adopted strategy promises little success, we will shift our attention to an examination of the fundamental objectives or guiding principles behind both disciplines. Seen from this angle we argue that KM in order to foster organizational learning, innovation and strategy flexibility, should adopt a postmodern epistemological perspective that is geared to the management of incommensurability and difference within and between organizations.
    Source
    Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers
  17. Arning, M.: Wenn Philosophen die Welt von den Füßen auf den Kopf stellen : bei den 22. Römerberggesprächen sorgt Hermann Lübbe für eine erstaunliche Provokation (1995) 0.01
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    Abstract
    Der Sozialphilosoph Hermann Lübbe ist überzeugt davon, daß die Massenmedien nicht 'vermassend', sondern vielmehr 'pluralistisch' wirken. - Bericht zu den 22. Frankfurter Römerberggesprächen zum Thema: Kommt eine neue Kultur? Auf der Suche nach Wirklichkeit im Medienzeitalter
  18. Flohr, H.: Denken und Bewußtsein (1994) 0.01
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:23:03
  19. Roth, G.: ¬Die Entstehung von Bedeutung im Gehirn (1992) 0.01
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 18:45:33
  20. Saum-Aldehoff, T.: ¬Die ideale Route zur Kaffeemaschine : 'Mentale Karten' im Kopf erlauben die Orientierung in der Umwelt (1997) 0.01
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    Date
    5. 1.1997 9:39:22

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