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Karner, J.: Mailüfterl, Al Chorezmi und Künstliche Intelligenz (1999)
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- Abstract
- Der österreichische Computerpionier Heinz Zemanek hat mit dem Lötkolben in der Hand begonnen, Computer zu bauen. Er hat die Entwicklung des Computers aktiv miterlebt - von der Relais-Additionsschaltung bis zum Halbleiter-Chip, von der Lochstreifen-Befehlseingabe bis zur formalen Definition der Programmiersprachen. Er hat kybernetische Modelle mit Studenten und Mitarbeitern gebaut und programmiert. Gemeinsam mit seinem Kollegen Konrad Zuse gilt er als Begründer der modernen Datenverarbeitung in Europa. 1954 baute er das Mailüfterl einen volltransistorisierten Binär-Dezimal-Rechenautomaten", der aus 3.000 Transistoren, 5.000 Dioden und 30 km Draht bestand. Mit einer Breite von 4 Metern, einer Höhe von 2,5 Metern und einer Tiefe von 50 Zentimetern war das Ungetüm gegenüber den damaligen Röhrenrechnern klein. Auch mit kybernetischen Grundmodellen wie der "Maus im Labyrinth", der "künstlichen Schildkröte" oder dem "Homöostat" betrat er Neuland.
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Schmidt, A.P.: ¬Der Wissensnavigator : Das Lexikon der Zukunft (1999)
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- Abstract
- Der Wissensnavigator ist ein Lexikon der Zukunft auf dem Weg zu einer interaktiven Enzyklopädie. Wenn Sie die elektronische Fassung online benutzen, können Sie von den einzelnen Artikeln über Hyperlinks zu Seiten im World Wide Web gelangen, die noch mehr Informationen zum jeweiligen Zukunftsbegriff enthalten. Bei der elektronischen Ausgabe des Wissensnavigators, die auch im Internet zugänglich ist handelt es sich um eine "lebende" Anwendung, die sich gerade auch durch die Mitwirkung der Nutzer weiterentwickelt. Sie sind herzlich eingeladen, zum Teilnehmer dieses Evolutionsprozesses zu werden - etwa, indem Sie neue Begriffe vorschlagen, die aufgenommen werden sollen, oder Experten benennen, die zur Bearbeitung neuer Begriffe in Frage kommen, oder auch sich selbst als Experte zu erkennen geben. Eine Redaktion, die aus dem Autor und einem Expertenteam im Verlag besteht, wird über die Aufnahme neuer Begriffe entscheiden
- BK
- 81.68 / Computereinsatz in Unterricht und Ausbildung
- Classification
- 81.68 / Computereinsatz in Unterricht und Ausbildung
- Content
- Immer öfter verlieren wir die Orientierung im Meer des Wißbaren. Die 256 Begriffe, in denen Artur Schmidts Wissensnavigator die wesentlichen Technologien, Managementgrundlagen, Lebensperspektiven und Werterhaltungen unserer Zeit zusammenfaßt, haben zum Ziel, uns auf Kurs in Richtung Zukunft zu bringen. Artikel zu den wichtigsten neuen Wissensgebieten und Technologien beiten dem Leser einen 'Leitfaden', der durch die Einzeldisziplinen hindurchführt und sie zusammenführt, um daraus eine Perspektive für die Welt von morgen zu entwickeln. Mit Hilfe der beigefügten CD kann das Lexikon der Zukunft auf dem Internet frei schwimmen, ohne dabei seine eigentliche Funktion zu verlieren - eine geistige Landkarte zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit deren Hilfe such zielführend und erfolgreich in Wissensnetzen navigieren läßt
- Issue
- In Zusammenarbeit mit Blue Planet Team Network.
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Gigliotti, C.: What children and animals know that we don't (1995)
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- Abstract
- "In this essay, I offer several significant examples of research that deal with animals' and children's perception. These examples come from social science, cognitive thology, and several camps in cognitive science"
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Enmark, R.: ¬The non-existent point : on the subject of defining library and information science and the concept of information (1998)
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- Abstract
- The primary purpose of this essay if the following: to criticise a discipline-defining concept of information that has its poit of departure in the uncomplicated cognitive metaphor's 'subject/object relationship'. In my understanding, the cognitive channel metaphor is equal to the sender/receiver model, with the addition of the receiver's understanding, as both physical and mental aspects are used in one and the same metaphor: the 'subject' so to speak meets the 'object'. In this essay I will state: (1) that the point at which the 'subject' specifically meets the 'object' does not exist; (2) that the study of that which the non-existing point symbolises is impossible to describe on an general level without becoming trivial; (3) that it is not possible to find an obvious relationship between the sender's statement and the receiver's understanding; and (4) that the study of the 'subject' and the study of the 'object' exist in different methodological and theoretical dimensions: This leads to the conclusion that the cognitive channel metaphorical definition of the discipline of library and information science must preferably be abandoned and that this should take place such: (1) that consideration is taken to the empirical research that is carried out in library and information science and (2) that the research removes itself from the profession's legitimate ambitions for usefulness
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Hesse, W.; Verrijn-Stuart, A.: Towards a theory of information systems : the FRISCO approach (1999)
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- Abstract
- Information Systems (IS) is among the most widespread terms in the Computer Science field but a well founded, widely accepted theory of IS is still missing. With the Internet publication of the FRISCO report, the IFIP task group "FRamework of Information System COncepts" has taken a first step towards such a theory. Among the major achievements of this report are: (1) it builds on a solid basis formed by semiotics and ontology, (2) it defines a compendium of about 100 core IS concepts in a coherent and consistent way, (3) it goes beyond the common narrow view of information systems as pure technical artefacts by adopting an interdisciplinary, socio-technical view on them. In the autumn of 1999, a first review of the report and its impact was undertaken at the ISCO-4 conference in Leiden. In a workshop specifically devoted to the subject, the original aims and goals of FRISCO were confirmed to be still valid and the overall approach and achievements of the report were acknowledged. On the other hand, the workshop revealed some misconceptions, errors and weaknesses of the report in its present form, which are to be removed through a comprehensive revision now under way. This paper reports on the results of the Leiden conference and the current revision activities. It also points out some important consequences of the FRISCO approach as a whole.
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Mayes, T.: Hypermedia and cognitive tools (1995)
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- Abstract
- Hypermedia and multimedia have been placed rather uncritically at the centre of current developments in learning technology. This paper seeks to ask some fundamental questions about how learning is best supported by hypermedia, and concludes that the most successful aspects are not those normally emphasized. A striking observation is that the best learning experience is enjoyed by hypermedia courseware authors rather that students. This is understandable from a constructivist view of learning, in which the key aim is to engage the learner in carrying out a task which leads to better comprehension. Deep learning is a by-product of comprehension. The paper discusses some approaches to designing software - cognitive tools for learning - which illustrate the constructivist approach
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Grant, S.: Developing cognitive architecture for modelling and simulation of cognition and error in complex tasks (1995)
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- Abstract
- A cognitive architecture embodies the more general structures and mechnaisms out of which could be made a model of individual cognition in certain situation. The space of models and architectures has a number of dimensions, including: dependence on domain; level of specification; and extent of coverage of different phenomena
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Dervin, B.: Chaos, order, and sense-making : a proposed theory for information design (1995)
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- Abstract
- The term information design is being offered in this volume as a disignator of a new area of activity. Part of the logic inherent in the presentation is the assumption that as a species we face altered circumstances which demand this new practice
