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  • × theme_ss:"Information"
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  1. Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Rezeption externalisierten Wissens : ein konstruktivistisches Modell auf der Basis von Poppers Drei Welten und Searles Kollektiver Intentionalität (2018) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Wir stellen ein Modell für die Wissensrezeption aus externalisierten Informationsquellen vor. Das Modell beruht auf einem kognitiven Verständnis von Informationsverarbeitung und greift auf Vorstellungen eines Austausches von Information in Kommunikationsvorgängen zurück. Poppers Drei-Welten-Theorie mit ihrer Orientierung an falsifizierbarem wissenschaftlichen Wissen wird erweitert um Searles Konzept der Kollektiven Intentionalität. Dies erlaubt eine konsistente Beschreibung der Externalisierung und Rezeption von Wissen unter Einschluss von Alltagswissen.
    Content
    Auch unter: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21248.07688. Auch in: International Forum on Information. 44(2019) H.4, S.25-35 (http://lamb.viniti.ru/sid2/sid2free?sid2=J18357463. Zunächst auch: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41860839 bzw. http://www.viniti.ru/products/publications/pub-134048#issues [http://catalog.viniti.ru/srch_result.aspx?IRL=FETCH+QUERY%3d2603664+OBJ%3d01bsmm7z+STYLE%3dFull1&TYP=FULL1]).
  2. Schmid, E.: Variationen zu Poppers Drei-Welten-Lehre : Gedanken zu einer phänomenologischen und kulturellen Basis von Poppers drei Welten in Handlungsgemeinschaften (2018) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Die leitende Idee des in dieser Arbeit verfolgten Ansatzes besteht in der Verbindung von Poppers Drei-Welten-Lehre mit dem Programm des sogenannten 'methodischen Kulturalismus' (MK). In dieser Arbeit möchte ich das Potential des MK zur Klärung von Fragen zu den Popperschen Welten erkunden. Ich betrachte die Diskussion um die Erst-Person-Perspektive (1P) und ihr Verhältnis zur Dritt-Person-Perspektive (3P) als eine weitere wichtige Facette dieser Fragen. Ich möchte aufzeigen, dass ein Ansatz, wie ihn der MK verfolgt, erweitert um phänomenologische Analysen, die drei Welten Poppers teilweise präzisiert und teilweise in einem etwas anderen Licht erscheinen lässt. #Kultur #Erst-Person-Perspektive #1P #Dritt-Person-Perspektive #3P #Leib-Seele-Problematik
  3. Internet Privacy : eine multidisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme / a multidisciplinary analysis: acatech STUDIE (2012) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Aufgrund der so großen Bedeutung von Privatheit im Internet hat acatech, die Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften, 2011 ein Projekt initiiert, das sich mit dem Privatheitsparadoxon wissenschaftlich auseinandersetzt. In dem Projekt werden Empfehlungen entwickelt, wie sich eine Kultur der Privatheit und des Vertrauens im Internet etablieren lässt, die es ermöglicht, das Paradoxon aufzulösen. Wir verwenden hier den Begriff der Privatheit. Er deutet an, dass hier nicht nur der räumliche Begriff Privatsphäre gemeint ist, sondern auch das im europäischen Kontext wichtige Konzept der informationellen Selbstbestimmung einbezogen ist. Dieser Band legt die Ergebnisse der ersten Projektphase vor: eine Bestandsaufnahme von Privatheit im Internet aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln. Kapitel 1 stellt die Wünsche und Befürchtungen von Internetnutzern und Gesellschaft im Hinblick auf ihre Privatheit vor. Sie wurden mithilfe sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden untersucht. Ergänzend dazu untersucht das zweite Kapitel Privatheit im Cyberspace aus ethischer Perspektive. Das dritte Kapitel widmet sich ökonomischen Aspekten: Da viele Onlinedienstleistungen mit Nutzerdaten bezahlt werden, ergibt sich die Frage, was dies sowohl für den Nutzer und Kunden als auch für die Unternehmen bedeutet. Kapitel 4 hat einen technologischen Fokus und analysiert, wie Privatheit von Internettechnologien bedroht wird und welche technischen Möglichkeiten es gibt, um die Privatheit des Nutzers zu schützen. Selbstverständlich ist der Schutz von Privatheit im Internet nicht nur ein technisches Problem. Deshalb untersucht Kapitel 5 Privatheit aus rechtlicher Sicht. Bei der Lektüre der fünf Kapitel wird dem Leser sofort die Komplexität der Frage von Privatheit im Internet (Internet Privacy) bewusst. Daraus folgt die unbedingte Notwendigkeit eines interdisziplinären Ansatzes. In diesem Sinne wird die interdisziplinäre Projektgruppe gemeinsam Optionen und Empfehlungen für einen Umgang mit Privatheit im Internet entwickeln, die eine Kultur der Privatheit und des Vertrauens im Internet fördern. Diese Optionen und Empfehlungen werden 2013 als zweiter Band dieser Studie veröffentlicht.
    Content
    Vgl. unter: http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Publikationen/Projektberichte/acatech_STUDIE_Internet_Privacy_WEB.pdf. Enthält Auszüge aus: Capurro, R., M, Eldred u. D. Nagel: Digital Whoness: Identity, Privacy and Freedom in the Cyberworld. Frankfurt 2013. Vgl. http://www.capurro.de/floridi.html.
  4. Jungen, O.: Grenzen der Technik : das letzte Refugium menschlicher Intelligenz (2018) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Computer können längst nicht alles. Online-Übersetzer zum Beispiel stoßen schnell an ihre Grenzen. Für den Kognitionswissenschaftler Douglas R. Hofstadter herrscht in vielen Maschinen effiziente Scheinintelligenz.
    Source
    http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/hoch-schule/geist-und-mehr/grenzen-der-technik-das-letzte-refugium-menschlicher-intelligenz-15659399.html
  5. Atran, S.; Medin, D.L.; Ross, N.: Evolution and devolution of knowledge : a tale of two biologies (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Anthropological inquiry suggests that all societies classify animals and plants in similar ways. Paradoxically, in the same cultures that have seen large advances in biological science, citizenry's practical knowledge of nature has dramatically diminished. Here we describe historical, cross-cultural and developmental research on how people ordinarily conceptualize organic nature (folkbiology), concentrating on cognitive consequences associated with knowledge devolution. We show that results on psychological studies of categorization and reasoning from "standard populations" fail to generalize to humanity at large. Usual populations (Euro-American college students) have impoverished experience with nature, which yields misleading results about knowledge acquisition and the ontogenetic relationship between folkbiology and folkpsychology. We also show that groups living in the same habitat can manifest strikingly distinct behaviors, cognitions and social relations relative to it. This has novel implications for environmental decision making and management, including commons problems.
    Date
    23. 1.2022 10:22:18
  6. Dewald, U.: Aus den Augen, aber nicht aus dem Sinn : Auch ohne funktionierendes Sehzentrum kann das Gehirn visuelle Informationen aufnehmen (2005) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Das Gehirn kann auch dann visuelle Informationen aufnehmen, wenn das eigentliche Sehzentrum nicht funktioniert. Das haben Wissenschaftler um Tony Ro von der RiceUniversität in Houston in Tests mit Freiwilligen gezeigt. Die Forscher blockierten dabei den so genannten visuellen Kortex der Probanden für wenige Augenblicke, während sich ihnen auf einem Bildschirm Linien oder farbige Punkte zeigten. Obwohl die Probanden angaben, nichts gesehen zu haben, errieten sie anschließend die gezeigten Symbole in mehr als drei von vier Fällen.
    Content
    "Immer wieder wird von Patienten mit schweren Schäden des Sehzentrums im Gehirn berichtet, in der Lage sind, die Form oder die Position von Gegenständen ungefähr zu erfassen, obwohl sie bewusst gar nichts mehr sehen können. Diesen Effekt konnten die Forscher nun in ihren Tests mit elf Probanden bestätigen. Die Wissenschaftler legten dazu den visuellen Kortex für wenige hundertstel Sekunden mit der so genannten transkraniellen Magnetstimulation (TMS) lahm. Dabei induziert ein starkes magnetisches Feld elektrische Ströme in den Nervenbahnen, so dass die Hirnregion kurzzeitig ihre Funktion nicht mehr erfüllen kann. Gleichzeitig zeigten die Wissenschaftler den Probanden auf einem Monitor wenige tausendstel Sekunden lang entweder grüne oder rote Punkte oder eine horizontale oder vertikale Linie. Alle Probanden gaben anschließend an, nichts gesehen zu haben. Da ihr Sehzentrum blockiert war, konnten sie die Punkte oder Linien zwar mit den Augen aufnehmen, jedoch nicht bewusst wahrnehmen. Als die Forscher sie jedoch aufforderten, die Farbe der Punkte oder die Ausrichtung der Linien zu erraten, lagen die Probanden dennoch meistens richtig: In 75 Prozent der Fälle errieten sie die Lage der Linien, und bei der Farbe der Punkte lag die Trefferquote sogar bei mehr als 80 Prozent. Auch wenn der visuelle Kortex blockiert war, wurden die Informationen dennoch auf unbewusste Weise vom Gehirn erfasst, erläutert Tony Ro die Ergebnisse. Auf weichen Wegen diese auch ohne die Mitarbeit des Sehzentrums in höhere Hirnregionen gelangen, können die Forscher jedoch noch nicht erklären. Die Beobachtungen werfen ein neues Licht auf die Frage, wo und auf welche Weise im Gehirn Bewusstsein entsteht und weiche Bedeutung der immer wieder kontrovers diskutierten unbewussten Wahrnehmung zukommt."
  7. Macedonia, M.: Mit Händen und Füßen (2012) 0.01 
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    Source
    http://www.spektrum.de/news/mit-haenden-und-fuessen/1173260
  8. Jörs, B.: Über den Grundbegriff der "Information" ist weiter zu reden und über die Existenzberechtigung der Disziplin auch : die Kapitulation der Informationswissenschaft vor dem eigenen Basisbegriff (2020) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Die Informationswissenschaft, eine Disziplin ohne Theorie, ohne Bezugsrahmen und ohne Klärung ihres Grundbegriffes. Zahlreiche FachvertreterInnen der Informationswissenschaft bereiten erst recht das Feld für Hate Speech und Fake News vor - mit ihrem ungeklärten (Un)begriff der "Information", - mit ihrer Forderung nach "Informationskompetenz", ein Terrain, das eigentlich der Bibliothekswissenschaft zusteht, - mit ihrer Theorielosigkeit, - mit ihrer unkritischen Ablehnung einer ernsthaften Auseinandersetzung sowie - mit ihrem ungeklärten Domänenverständnis.
  9. Darnton, R.: Im Besitz des Wissens : Von der Gelehrtenrepublik des 18. Jahrhunderts zum digitalen Google-Monopol (2009) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Wie eine gigantische Informationslandschaft tut sich das Internet vor unseren Augen auf. Und seit sich Google im Herbst letzten Jahres mit den Autoren und Verlegern, die die große Suchmaschine wegen Urheberrechtsverletzung verklagt hatten, auf einen Vergleich geeinigt hat, stellt sich die Frage nach der Orientierung im World Wide Web mit neuer Dringlichkeit. Während der letzten vier Jahre hat Google Millionen von Büchern, darunter zahllose urheberrechtlich geschützte Werke, aus den Beständen großer Forschungsbibliotheken digitalisiert und für die Onlinesuche ins Netz gestellt. Autoren und Verleger machten dagegen geltend, dass die Digitalisierung eine Copyrightverletzung darstelle. Nach langwierigen Verhandlungen einigte man sich auf eine Regelung, die gravierende Auswirkungen darauf haben wird, wie Bücher den Weg zu ihren Lesern finden. . . .
  10. Stang, R.: Lehr- und Lernraumforschung im Kontext der Informationswissenschaft : Das Learning Research Center der Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart (2019) 0.00 
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  11. Bawden, D.; Robinson, L.: Information and the gaining of understanding (2015) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    It is suggested that, in addition to data, information and knowledge, the information sciences should focus on understanding, understood as a higher-order knowledge, with coherent and explanatory potential. The limited ways in which understanding has been addressed in the design of information systems, in studies of information behaviour, in formulations of information literacy and in impact studies are briefly reviewed, and future prospects considered. The paper is an extended version of a keynote presentation given at the i3 conference in June 2015.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Special Issue - i3 Conference - Aberdeen - June 2015. Vgl.: http://jis.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/12/14/0165551515621691.
  12. Gigliotti, C.: What children and animals know that we don't (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    "In this essay, I offer several significant examples of research that deal with animals' and children's perception. These examples come from social science, cognitive thology, and several camps in cognitive science"
  13. Maguire, P.; Maguire, R.: Consciousness is data compression (2010) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    In this article we advance the conjecture that conscious awareness is equivalent to data compression. Algorithmic information theory supports the assertion that all forms of understanding are contingent on compression (Chaitin, 2007). Here, we argue that the experience people refer to as consciousness is the particular form of understanding that the brain provides. We therefore propose that the degree of consciousness of a system can be measured in terms of the amount of data compression it carries out.
    Content
    Vgl. auch die weiteren Artikel in ResearchGate.
  14. Standage, T.: Information overload is nothing new (2018) 0.00 
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    Content
    "Overflowing inboxes, endlessly topped up by incoming emails. Constant alerts, notifications and text messages on your smartphone and computer. Infinitely scrolling streams of social-media posts. Access to all the music ever recorded, whenever you want it. And a deluge of high-quality television, with new series released every day on Netflix, Amazon Prime and elsewhere. The bounty of the internet is a marvellous thing, but the ever-expanding array of material can leave you feeling overwhelmed, constantly interrupted, unable to concentrate or worried that you are missing out or falling behind. No wonder some people are quitting social media, observing "digital sabbaths" when they unplug from the internet for a day, or buying old-fashioned mobile phones in an effort to avoid being swamped. This phenomenon may seem quintessentially modern, but it dates back centuries, as Ann Blair of Harvard University observes in "Too Much to Know", a history of information overload. Half a millennium ago, the printing press was to blame. "Is there anywhere on Earth exempt from these swarms of new books?" moaned Erasmus in 1525. New titles were appearing in such abundance, thousands every year. How could anyone figure out which ones were worth reading? Overwhelmed scholars across Europe worried that good ideas were being lost amid the deluge. Francisco Sanchez, a Spanish philosopher, complained in 1581 that 10m years was not long enough to read all the books in existence. The German polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz grumbled in 1680 of "that horrible mass of books which keeps on growing"."
  15. Enmark, R.: ¬The non-existent point : on the subject of defining library and information science and the concept of information (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The primary purpose of this essay if the following: to criticise a discipline-defining concept of information that has its poit of departure in the uncomplicated cognitive metaphor's 'subject/object relationship'. In my understanding, the cognitive channel metaphor is equal to the sender/receiver model, with the addition of the receiver's understanding, as both physical and mental aspects are used in one and the same metaphor: the 'subject' so to speak meets the 'object'. In this essay I will state: (1) that the point at which the 'subject' specifically meets the 'object' does not exist; (2) that the study of that which the non-existing point symbolises is impossible to describe on an general level without becoming trivial; (3) that it is not possible to find an obvious relationship between the sender's statement and the receiver's understanding; and (4) that the study of the 'subject' and the study of the 'object' exist in different methodological and theoretical dimensions: This leads to the conclusion that the cognitive channel metaphorical definition of the discipline of library and information science must preferably be abandoned and that this should take place such: (1) that consideration is taken to the empirical research that is carried out in library and information science and (2) that the research removes itself from the profession's legitimate ambitions for usefulness
  16. Crane, G.; Jones, A.: Text, information, knowledge and the evolving record of humanity (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Consider a sentence such as "the current price of tea in China is 35 cents per pound." In a library with millions of books we might find many statements of the above form that we could capture today with relatively simple rules: rather than pursuing every variation of a statement, programs can wait, like predators at a water hole, for their informational prey to reappear in a standard linguistic pattern. We can make inferences from sentences such as "NAME1 born at NAME2 in DATE" that NAME more likely than not represents a person and NAME a place and then convert the statement into a proposition about a person born at a given place and time. The changing price of tea in China, pedestrian birth and death dates, or other basic statements may not be truth and beauty in the Phaedrus, but a digital library that could plot the prices of various commodities in different markets over time, plot the various lifetimes of individuals, or extract and classify many events would be very useful. Services such as the Syllabus Finder1 and H-Bot2 (which Dan Cohen describes elsewhere in this issue of D-Lib) represent examples of information extraction already in use. H-Bot, in particular, builds on our evolving ability to extract information from very large corpora such as the billions of web pages available through the Google API. Aside from identifying higher order statements, however, users also want to search and browse named entities: they want to read about "C. P. E. Bach" rather than his father "Johann Sebastian" or about "Cambridge, Maryland", without hearing about "Cambridge, Massachusetts", Cambridge in the UK or any of the other Cambridges scattered around the world. Named entity identification is a well-established area with an ongoing literature. The Natural Language Processing Research Group at the University of Sheffield has developed its open source Generalized Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) for years, while IBM's Unstructured Information Analysis and Search (UIMA) is "available as open source software to provide a common foundation for industry and academia." Powerful tools are thus freely available and more demanding users can draw upon published literature to develop their own systems. Major search engines such as Google and Yahoo also integrate increasingly sophisticated tools to categorize and identify places. The software resources are rich and expanding. The reference works on which these systems depend, however, are ill-suited for historical analysis. First, simple gazetteers and similar authority lists quickly grow too big for useful information extraction. They provide us with potential entities against which to match textual references, but existing electronic reference works assume that human readers can use their knowledge of geography and of the immediate context to pick the right Boston from the Bostons in the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN), but, with the crucial exception of geographic location, the TGN records do not provide any machine readable clues: we cannot tell which Bostons are large or small. If we are analyzing a document published in 1818, we cannot filter out those places that did not yet exist or that had different names: "Jefferson Davis" is not the name of a parish in Louisiana (tgn,2000880) or a county in Mississippi (tgn,2001118) until after the Civil War.
    Although the Alexandria Digital Library provides far richer data than the TGN (5.9 vs. 1.3 million names), its added size lowers, rather than increases, the accuracy of most geographic name identification systems for historical documents: most of the extra 4.6 million names cover low frequency entities that rarely occur in any particular corpus. The TGN is sufficiently comprehensive to provide quite enough noise: we find place names that are used over and over (there are almost one hundred Washingtons) and semantically ambiguous (e.g., is Washington a person or a place?). Comprehensive knowledge sources emphasize recall but lower precision. We need data with which to determine which "Tribune" or "John Brown" a particular passage denotes. Secondly and paradoxically, our reference works may not be comprehensive enough. Human actors come and go over time. Organizations appear and vanish. Even places can change their names or vanish. The TGN does associate the obsolete name Siam with the nation of Thailand (tgn,1000142) - but also with towns named Siam in Iowa (tgn,2035651), Tennessee (tgn,2101519), and Ohio (tgn,2662003). Prussia appears but as a general region (tgn,7016786), with no indication when or if it was a sovereign nation. And if places do point to the same object over time, that object may have very different significance over time: in the foundational works of Western historiography, Herodotus reminds us that the great cities of the past may be small today, and the small cities of today great tomorrow (Hdt. 1.5), while Thucydides stresses that we cannot estimate the past significance of a place by its appearance today (Thuc. 1.10). In other words, we need to know the population figures for the various Washingtons in 1870 if we are analyzing documents from 1870. The foundations have been laid for reference works that provide machine actionable information about entities at particular times in history. The Alexandria Digital Library Gazetteer Content Standard8 represents a sophisticated framework with which to create such resources: places can be associated with temporal information about their foundation (e.g., Washington, DC, founded on 16 July 1790), changes in names for the same location (e.g., Saint Petersburg to Leningrad and back again), population figures at various times and similar historically contingent data. But if we have the software and the data structures, we do not yet have substantial amounts of historical content such as plentiful digital gazetteers, encyclopedias, lexica, grammars and other reference works to illustrate many periods and, even if we do, those resources may not be in a useful form: raw OCR output of a complex lexicon or gazetteer may have so many errors and have captured so little of the underlying structure that the digital resource is useless as a knowledge base. Put another way, human beings are still much better at reading and interpreting the contents of page images than machines. While people, places, and dates are probably the most important core entities, we will find a growing set of objects that we need to identify and track across collections, and each of these categories of objects will require its own knowledge sources. The following section enumerates and briefly describes some existing categories of documents that we need to mine for knowledge. This brief survey focuses on the format of print sources (e.g., highly structured textual "database" vs. unstructured text) to illustrate some of the challenges involved in converting our published knowledge into semantically annotated, machine actionable form.
  17. Hesse, W.; Verrijn-Stuart, A.: Towards a theory of information systems : the FRISCO approach (1999) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Information Systems (IS) is among the most widespread terms in the Computer Science field but a well founded, widely accepted theory of IS is still missing. With the Internet publication of the FRISCO report, the IFIP task group "FRamework of Information System COncepts" has taken a first step towards such a theory. Among the major achievements of this report are: (1) it builds on a solid basis formed by semiotics and ontology, (2) it defines a compendium of about 100 core IS concepts in a coherent and consistent way, (3) it goes beyond the common narrow view of information systems as pure technical artefacts by adopting an interdisciplinary, socio-technical view on them. In the autumn of 1999, a first review of the report and its impact was undertaken at the ISCO-4 conference in Leiden. In a workshop specifically devoted to the subject, the original aims and goals of FRISCO were confirmed to be still valid and the overall approach and achievements of the report were acknowledged. On the other hand, the workshop revealed some misconceptions, errors and weaknesses of the report in its present form, which are to be removed through a comprehensive revision now under way. This paper reports on the results of the Leiden conference and the current revision activities. It also points out some important consequences of the FRISCO approach as a whole.
  18. Lehmann, K.: Unser Gehirn kartiert auch Beziehungen räumlich (2015) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Vgl. Original unter: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627315005243: "Morais Tavares, R., A. Mendelsohn, Y.Grossman, C.H. Williams, M. Shapiro, Y. Trope u. D. Schiller: A Map for Social Navigation in the Human Brain" in. Neuron 87(2015) no.1, S,231-243. [Deciphering the neural mechanisms of social behavior has propelled the growth of social neuroscience. The exact computations of the social brain, however, remain elusive. Here we investigated how the human br ain tracks ongoing changes in social relationships using functional neuroimaging. Participants were lead characters in a role-playing game in which they were to find a new home and a job through interactions with virtual cartoon characters. We found that a two-dimensional geometric model of social relationships, a "social space" framed by power and affiliation, predicted hippocampal activity. Moreover, participants who reported better social skills showed stronger covariance between hippocampal activity and "movement" through "social space." The results suggest that the hippocampus is crucial for social cognition, and imply that beyond framing physical locations, the hippocampus computes a more general, inclusive, abstract, and multidimensional cognitive map consistent with its role in episodic memory.].
  19. Mayes, T.: Hypermedia and cognitive tools (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Hypermedia and multimedia have been placed rather uncritically at the centre of current developments in learning technology. This paper seeks to ask some fundamental questions about how learning is best supported by hypermedia, and concludes that the most successful aspects are not those normally emphasized. A striking observation is that the best learning experience is enjoyed by hypermedia courseware authors rather that students. This is understandable from a constructivist view of learning, in which the key aim is to engage the learner in carrying out a task which leads to better comprehension. Deep learning is a by-product of comprehension. The paper discusses some approaches to designing software - cognitive tools for learning - which illustrate the constructivist approach
  20. Kirk, J.: Theorising information use : managers and their work (2002) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The focus of this thesis is information use. Although a key concept in information behaviour, information use has received little attention from information science researchers. Studies of other key concepts such as information need and information seeking are dominant in information behaviour research. Information use is an area of interest to information professionals who rely on research outcomes to shape their practice. There are few empirical studies of how people actually use information that might guide and refine the development of information systems, products and services.
    Content
    A thesis submitted to the University of Technology, Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. - Vgl. unter: http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2100/309/2/02whole.pdf.

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