-
Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019)
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- Abstract
- Diskussionen um Datennetze und Informationstechnik drehen sich häufig um kompetentes Handeln. In der Publikation werden Voraussetzungen eines autonomen informationellen Handelns gezeigt: Abstrahieren, Analogien bilden, Plausibilitäten beachten, Schlussfolgern und kreativ sein. Informationelle Kompetenz ist gelebte Informationelle Autonomie. Es lassen sich Konsequenzen für ein zukünftiges Menschenbild in informationstechnischen Umgebungen ziehen.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
- Pages
- XIV, 288 S
-
Floridi, L.: ¬Die 4. Revolution : wie die Infosphäre unser Leben verändert (2015)
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- Abstract
- Unsere Computer werden immer schneller, kleiner und billiger; wir produzieren jeden Tag genug Daten, um alle Bibliotheken der USA damit zu füllen; und im Durchschnitt trägt jeder Mensch heute mindestens einen Gegenstand bei sich, der mit dem Internet verbunden ist. Wir erleben gerade eine explosionsartige Entwicklung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. Luciano Floridi, einer der weltweit führenden Informationstheoretiker, zeigt in seinem meisterhaften Buch, dass wir uns nach den Revolutionen der Physik (Kopernikus), Biologie (Darwin) und Psychologie (Freud) nun inmitten einer vierten Revolution befinden, die unser ganzes Leben verändert. Die Trennung zwischen online und offline schwindet, denn wir interagieren zunehmend mit smarten, responsiven Objekten, um unseren Alltag zu bewältigen oder miteinander zu kommunizieren. Der Mensch kreiert sich eine neue Umwelt, eine »Infosphäre«. Persönlichkeitsprofile, die wir online erzeugen, beginnen, in unseren Alltag zurückzuwirken, sodass wir immer mehr ein »Onlife« leben. Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien bestimmen die Art, wie wir einkaufen, arbeiten, für unsere Gesundheit vorsorgen, Beziehungen pflegen, unsere Freizeit gestalten, Politik betreiben und sogar, wie wir Krieg führen. Aber sind diese Entwicklungen wirklich zu unserem Vorteil? Was sind ihre Risiken? Floridi weist den Weg zu einem neuen ethischen und ökologischen Denken, um die Herausforderungen der digitalen Revolution und der Informationsgesellschaft zu meistern. Ein Buch von großer Aktualität und theoretischer Brillanz.
- BK
- 05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
- Classification
- 05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
- Pages
- 317 S
-
Neuser, W.: Wissen begreifen : zur Selbstorganisation von Erfahrung, Handlung und Begriff (2013)
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- Abstract
- Das Internet, elektronische Medien und intelligente Wissenssysteme haben unseren Umgang mit Wissen grundlegend verändert - und mit ihm unsere traditionellen Begriffe von Wissen und Rationalität. Wolfgang Neuser, Philosophieprofessor an der TU Kaiserslautern, stellt in seiner begriffstheoretischen Untersuchung einen Wissensbegriff vor, der einen neuen Schlüssel zum Verständnis ideengeschichtlicher Epochen, kultureller Traditionen und Konflikte in traditionellen und nichttraditionellen Entwicklungsphasen einer Gesellschaft liefert: Wissen ist ein sich selbst organisierendes und stabilisierendes System, in dem der Mensch seine Mittelpunktstellung als denkendes Subjekt verloren hat: Was von den menschlichen Akteuren bleibt, ist das Individuum, das sein individuelles Wissen aus der Interaktion mit Allgemeinwissen bezieht.
- BK
- 02.10 Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft
02.00 Wissenschaft und Kultur allgemein: Allgemeines
- Classification
- 02.10 Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft
02.00 Wissenschaft und Kultur allgemein: Allgemeines
- Content
- 1. Historische Einordnung der Wissensgesellschaft 2. Dynamik des Wissens (mit einem Abschnitt zur Geschichte des Denkens als Dynamik von Wissenskonzepten) 3. Das Individuum im Wissenskosmos und der Verlust des Subjektes, schließlich noch 4. Methoden. Das Fortschreiten zur Stabilisierung des Wissens und - abgesehen von einem Leitfaden durch dieses Buch - noch das 5. Kapitel: Wissen in der Kultur und die Kultur des Wissens.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: iwp 64(2013) H.4, S.232-233 (W. Löw): "Der verdienstvolle Vorsatz Neusers durch begriffstheoretische Untersuchung einen Wissensbegriff zu entwickeln, der einen neuen Schlüssel zum Verständnis ideengeschichtlicher Epochen und kultureller Traditionen bietet, erreicht mich leider nicht. Ich kann auch nur soweit folgen, dass Wissen ein sich selbst organisierendes und stabilisierendes System ist. Dass aber der Mensch seine Mittelpunktstellung als denkendes Subjekt verloren hat, darf bestritten werden (auch wenn manche Alltagserfahrung dem Autor und nicht mir Recht gibt). Oder will der Autor dem alten, ironisch gemeinten Buchtitel von Weizenbaum "Die Macht der Computer und die Ohnmacht der Vernunft" (dt. Suhrkamp, 1978) doch weiter zum Durchbruch verhelfen? Immerhin sagt Neuser, was von den menschlichen Akteuren bleibe, sei das Individuum, welches sein individuelles Wissen aus der Interaktion mit Allgemeinwissen bezieht. Diesbezüglich hat Weizenbaum einmal zu mir gesagt, dass das Beste das eigene Denken ist. Vielleicht ein Rat für eine Nachauflage, den außerordentlich interdisziplinär denkenden Joseph Weizenbaum in die ansonsten beachtliche Bibliographie mit aufzunehmen. Sie wird auch ein Grund dafür sein, dass das Buch einen Platz in meinem Bücherschrank finden wird." 2017 in einer 2. Aufl. erschienen.
- Pages
- I, 347 S
-
Floridi, L.: Information: a very short introduction (2010)
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- Abstract
- We live in a society that is awash with information, but few of us really understand what information is. In this Very Short Introduction, one of the world's leading authorities on the philosophy of information and on information ethics, Luciano Floridi, offers an illuminating exploration of information as it relates to both philosophy and science. He discusses the roots of the concept of information in mathematics and science, and considers the role of information in several fields, including biology. Floridi also discusses concepts such as "Infoglut" (too much information to process) and the emergence of an information society, and he addresses the nature of information as a communication process and its place as a physical phenomenon. Perhaps more important, he explores information's meaning and value, and ends by considering the broader social and ethical issues relating to information, including problems surrounding accessibility, privacy, ownership, copyright, and open source. This book helps us understand the true meaning of the concept and how it can be used to understand our world. About the Series: Combining authority with wit, accessibility, and style, Very Short Introductions offer an introduction to some of life's most interesting topics. Written by experts for the newcomer, they demonstrate the finest contemporary thinking about the central problems and issues in hundreds of key topics, from philosophy to Freud, quantum theory to Islam.
- BK
- 06.00 (Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines)
- Classification
- 06.00 (Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines)
- Pages
- XV, 130 S
- Series
- Very short introductions : stimulating ways in to new subjects ; 225
-
Boom, H. van den: Was ist Information? : zu den Grundlagen der Designforschung (2014)
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- Abstract
- Was ist Information? Die Antwort, die der Autor gibt, lautet: Information ist repräsentierte, logarithmisch gemessene Vielfalt. Diese hier umstandslos gegebene Definition wird im Buch grundlegend erklärt. In einzelnen Schritten, die keine Zwischenschritte auslassen, kann der Leser zu einem vollständigen Verständnis der Information gelangen. Auf dem Weg zu diesem Ziel ergibt sich eine Reihe von Einsichten, in denen der fundamentale Stellenwert des Informationskonzepts für die Grundlagen der Designforschung deutlich wird.
- Pages
- 204 S
-
Gleick, J.: ¬Die Information : Geschichte, Theorie, Flut (2011)
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- Abstract
- Die Geschichte der Information beginnt in einer Zeit, die unserer nicht unähnlicher sein könnte. Von der Entwicklung der sprechenden Trommeln zu den ersten Alphabeten und natürlich der Schrift, ist die Information einen weiten Weg gegangen. Eine höchst interessante und informative Geschichte. Blut, Treibstoff, Lebensprinzip - in seinem furiosen Buch erzählt Bestsellerautor James Gleick, wie die Information zum Kernstück unserer heutigen Zivilisation wurde. Beginnend bei den Wörtern, den "sprechenden" Trommeln in Afrika, über das Morsealphabet und bis hin zur Internetrevolution beleuchtet er, wie die Übermittlung von Informationen die Gesellschaften prägten und veränderten. Gleick erläutert die Theorien, die sich mit dem Codieren und Decodieren, der Übermittlung von Inhalten und dem Verbreiten der Myriaden von Botschaften beschäftigen. Er stellt die bekannten und unbekannten Pioniere der Informationsgesellschaft vor: Claude Shannon, Norbert Wiener, Ada Byron, Alan Turing und andere. Er bietet dem Leser neue Einblicke in die Mechanismen des Informationsaustausches. So lernt dieser etwa die sich selbst replizierende Meme kennen, die "DNA" der Informationen. Sein Buch ermöglicht ein neues Verständnis von Musik, Quantenmechanik - und eine gänzlich neue Sicht auf die faszinierende Welt der Informationen.
- BK
- 05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
- Classification
- 05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2012, H.6, S.94-96 (R. Pilous): " ... Bei aller Materialfülle nimmt Gleick einen technokratischen Standpunkt ein - so konsequent, dass er Gedanken zum Verstehen von Information durch den Menschen oder zur Philosophie selbst dort weglässt, wo sie sich aufdrängen. Seiner leidenschaftlich vorgebrachten Vision, die moderne Physik auf eine Art Quanteninformationstheorie zu reduzieren, fehlt eine gründliche Reflexion ebenso wie seiner Darstellung der Theorie der Meme. Und dennoch: Gleicks Projekt einer Gesamtdarstellung des Informationsbegriffs ist mutig, bisher einmalig und im Wesentlichen gelungen."
- Pages
- 527 S
- RSWK
- Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichte (BVB)
- Subject
- Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichte (BVB)
-
Curcio, R.: ¬Das virtuelle Reich : die Kolonialisierung der Phantasie und die soziale Kontrolle (2017)
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- Abstract
- Einige Firmen wie Google und Facebook, die vor fünfzehn Jahren noch nicht einmal existierten, stellen heute die mächtigsten Oligarchien des weltweiten, digitalen Kapitalismus dar. Der Internetzugang bildet das Gerüst, seine täglich mehr als drei Milliarden Nutzer die Belegschaft. Die neue digitale Technologie ist bereits fixer Bestandteil des Alltags, sie leitet und kontrolliert alle Aspekte des sozialen Lebens, vom Arbeitsplatz bis zu den Tempeln des Konsums. Eine neue und kaum spürbare Unterwerfung des virtuellen Menschen entsteht durch die naive Verbreitung von Nachrichten, Fotos, Selfies und Wünschen auf Plattformen und sozialen Netzwerken. Der virtuelle Mensch trägt durch seine eigene Praxis zur Stärkung der Herrschaft des neuen Reiches bei. Dieses Buch reflektiert gesellschaftliche Veränderungen, zeigt wie diese Oligarchie und diese neue Technologie die Fantasie der Menschen im Sinne des ökonomischen Profits und der sozialen Kontrolle begrenzt und kolonialisiert. Die längerfristigen Folgen dieses neuen Entwicklungsschrittes der kapitalistischen Produktionsweise sind noch nicht absehbar.
- Date
- 18. 9.2018 12:57:22
- Pages
- 144 S
-
Floridi, L.: ¬The philosophy of information (2011)
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- Abstract
- This is the first volume in the tetralogy on the foundations of the philosophy of information. The reader interested in an introduction to its topics may find Information - A very Short Introduction helpful. The book fulfils three goals. The first is metatheoretical. The book describes what the philosophy of information is, its open problems, and its methods. The second goal is introductory. The book analyses the complex and diverse nature of informational concepts and phenomena, and defends the veridicality thesis and a theory of strongly semantic information. The third goal is constructive. The book tackles some classic philosophical questions in information-theoretical terms, such as how symbols acquire their semantics (the symbol-grounding problem), whether knowledge may be something different from justified true belief (the Gettier problem), or what kind of realism may be more plausible in philosophy of science (the debate on structural realism). The essential message is quite straightforward. Semantic information is well-formed, meaningful and truthful data; knowledge is relevant semantic information properly accounted for; humans are the only known semantic engines and conscious informational organisms who can develop a growing knowledge of reality; and reality is the totality of information (notice the crucial absence of "semantic").
- BK
- 06.00 (Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines)
- Classification
- 06.00 (Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines)
- Content
- What is the philosophy of information?. Introduction ; Philosophy of artificial intelligence as a premature paradigm of PI ; The historical emergence of PI ; The dialectic of reflection and the emergence of PI ; The definition of PI ; The analytic approach to PI ; The metaphysical approach to PI ; PI as philosophia prima -- Open problems in the philosophy of information. Introduction ; David Hilbert's view ; Analysis ; Semantics ; Intelligence ; Nature ; Values -- The method of levels of abstraction. Introduction Some definitions and preliminary examples ; A classic interpretation of the method of abstraction ; Some philosophical applications ; The philosophy of the method of abstraction --
The symbol grounding problem. Introduction ; The symbol of grounding problem ; The representationalist approach ; The semi-representationalist approach ; The non-representationalist approach -- Action-based semantics. Introduction ; Action-based semantics ; Two-machine artificial agents and their AbS ; From grounded symbols to grounded communication and abstractions -- Semantic information and the correctness theory of truth. Introduction ; First step : translation ; Second step : polarization ; Third step : normalization ; Fourth step : verification and validation ; Fifth step : correctness ; Some implications and advantages of the correctness theory of truth -- The logical unsolvability of the Gettier problem. Introduction ; Why the Gettier problem is unsolvable in principle ; Three objections and replies -- The logic of being informed. Introduction ; Three logics of information ; Modelling "being informed" ; Four epistemological implications of KTB-IL -- Understanding epistemic relevance. Introduction ; Epistemic vs casual relevance ; The basic case ; A probabilistic revision of the basic case ; A counterfactual revision of the probabilistic analysis ; A metatheoretical revision of the counterfactual analysis ; Advantages of the metatheoretical revision ; Some illustrative cases ; Misinformation cannot be relevant ; Two objections and replies --
- Pages
- XVIII, 405 S
- RSWK
- Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Philosophie / / Information / Informationstheorie / Philosophie
- Subject
- Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Philosophie / / Information / Informationstheorie / Philosophie
-
Heuer, S.; Tranberg, P.: Mich kriegt ihr nicht : die wichtigsten Schritte zur digitalen Selbstverteidigung (2019)
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- Abstract
- Wer sich online bewegt, ist nie allein. Im doppelten Sinne. Denn wenn wir das Leben um uns herum im Netz verfolgen wollen, nehmen wir in Kauf, dass uns Google, Amazon, Facebook & Co. auf Schritt und Klick verfolgen. Tausende Firmen profitieren davon, auf Basis unserer Likes und Klicks, sowie unseres Kaufverhaltens Werbung und Inhalte personalisiert auszuspielen und uns damit zu manipulieren. Mit jedem neuen Datensatz werden die Produkte noch enger an unsere Vorlieben angepasst, sodass wir sie noch häufiger nutzen ein Teufelskreis. Aber können wir uns dagegen wirklich verteidigen? Ja, sagt Digital-Experte Steffan Heuer auch heute noch. Sein Buch `Mich kriegt ihr nicht!´ ist eine Gebrauchsanweisung und gleichzeitig eine Waffe, mit der wir unsere Online-Identität mit einer neuen Daten-Ethik schützen können selbst in Zeiten von Smart Speakern wie Alexa und dem Internet der Dinge. Der Kampf um unsere Daten ist ein Kampf um unsere Souveränität, um unsere Freiheit! Und als solcher ist er noch lange nicht verloren wir müssen den Datendieben nur mit der richtigen digitalen Selbstverteidigung entgegentreten, nämlich mit den vier V´s: Wir müssen unsere Daten verweigern, verschleiern, verschlüsseln und Räume schaffen, aus denen alle Smart-Geräte verbannt sind. Wie das funktioniert, zeigt und erklärt der komplett überarbeitete Bestseller `Mich kriegt ihr nicht!´.
- BK
- 54.08 (Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft)
- Classification
- 54.08 (Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft)
- Pages
- 279 S
-
Internet Privacy : eine multidisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme / a multidisciplinary analysis: acatech STUDIE (2012)
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- Abstract
- Aufgrund der so großen Bedeutung von Privatheit im Internet hat acatech, die Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften, 2011 ein Projekt initiiert, das sich mit dem Privatheitsparadoxon wissenschaftlich auseinandersetzt. In dem Projekt werden Empfehlungen entwickelt, wie sich eine Kultur der Privatheit und des Vertrauens im Internet etablieren lässt, die es ermöglicht, das Paradoxon aufzulösen. Wir verwenden hier den Begriff der Privatheit. Er deutet an, dass hier nicht nur der räumliche Begriff Privatsphäre gemeint ist, sondern auch das im europäischen Kontext wichtige Konzept der informationellen Selbstbestimmung einbezogen ist. Dieser Band legt die Ergebnisse der ersten Projektphase vor: eine Bestandsaufnahme von Privatheit im Internet aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln. Kapitel 1 stellt die Wünsche und Befürchtungen von Internetnutzern und Gesellschaft im Hinblick auf ihre Privatheit vor. Sie wurden mithilfe sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden untersucht. Ergänzend dazu untersucht das zweite Kapitel Privatheit im Cyberspace aus ethischer Perspektive. Das dritte Kapitel widmet sich ökonomischen Aspekten: Da viele Onlinedienstleistungen mit Nutzerdaten bezahlt werden, ergibt sich die Frage, was dies sowohl für den Nutzer und Kunden als auch für die Unternehmen bedeutet. Kapitel 4 hat einen technologischen Fokus und analysiert, wie Privatheit von Internettechnologien bedroht wird und welche technischen Möglichkeiten es gibt, um die Privatheit des Nutzers zu schützen. Selbstverständlich ist der Schutz von Privatheit im Internet nicht nur ein technisches Problem. Deshalb untersucht Kapitel 5 Privatheit aus rechtlicher Sicht. Bei der Lektüre der fünf Kapitel wird dem Leser sofort die Komplexität der Frage von Privatheit im Internet (Internet Privacy) bewusst. Daraus folgt die unbedingte Notwendigkeit eines interdisziplinären Ansatzes. In diesem Sinne wird die interdisziplinäre Projektgruppe gemeinsam Optionen und Empfehlungen für einen Umgang mit Privatheit im Internet entwickeln, die eine Kultur der Privatheit und des Vertrauens im Internet fördern. Diese Optionen und Empfehlungen werden 2013 als zweiter Band dieser Studie veröffentlicht.
- Content
- Vgl. unter: http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Publikationen/Projektberichte/acatech_STUDIE_Internet_Privacy_WEB.pdf. Enthält Auszüge aus: Capurro, R., M, Eldred u. D. Nagel: Digital Whoness: Identity, Privacy and Freedom in the Cyberworld. Frankfurt 2013. Vgl. http://www.capurro.de/floridi.html.
- Pages
- 328 S
-
Feustel, R: "Am Anfang war die Information" : Digitalisierung als Religion (2018)
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- Abstract
- Alternative Fakten? Wie konnte es passieren, dass Gerücht, Lüge, Fakt und Wahrheit ununterscheidbar wurden? Robert Feustel untersucht die Wissensgeschichte von der Industrialisierung bis zur Digitalisierung und zeigt, wie im sogenannten Informationszeitalter ebenjene "Information" zum Heiligen Geist mutierte und den Unterschied zwischen Wahrheit und Lüge einebnet: Hauptsache sie zirkulieren möglichst reibungslos und in Echtzeit. Schließlich gerät auch das Bild des Menschen in den Sog der Digitalisierung. Was unterscheidet das menschliche Denken vom prozessierenden Computer?
- Date
- 1. 1.2019 11:22:34
- Pages
- 200 S
-
Philosophy, computing and information science (2014)
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- BK
- 54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
- Classification
- 54.08 Informatik in Beziehung zu Mensch und Gesellschaft
- Content
- Introduction: Philosophy's Relevance in Computing and Information Science - Ruth Hagengruber and Uwe V.Riss Part I: Philosophy of Computing and Information 1 The Fourth Revolution in our Self-Understanding - Luciano Floridi -- 2 Information Transfer as a Metaphor - Jakob Krebs -- 3 With Aristotle towards a Differentiated Concept of Information? - Uwe Voigt -- 4 The Influence of Philosophy on the Understanding of Computing and Information - Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski -- Part II: Complexity and System Theory 5 The Emergence of Self-Conscious Systems: From Symbolic AI to Embodied Robotics - Klaus Mainzer -- 6 Artificial Intelligence as a New Metaphysical Project - Aziz F. Zambak Part III: Ontology 7 The Relevance of Philosophical Ontology to Information and Computer Science - Barry Smith -- 8 Ontology, its Origins and its Meaning in Information Science - Jens Kohne -- 9 Smart Questions: Steps towards an Ontology of Questions and Answers - Ludwig Jaskolla and Matthias Rugel Part IV: Knowledge Representation 10 Sophisticated Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Requires Philosophy - Selmer Bringsjord, Micah Clark and Joshua Taylor -- 11 On Frames and Theory-Elements of Structuralism Holger Andreas -- 12 Ontological Complexity and Human Culture David J. Saab and Frederico Fonseca Part V: Action Theory 13 Knowledge and Action between Abstraction and Concretion - Uwe V.Riss -- 14 Action-Directing Construction of Reality in Product Creation Using Social Software: Employing Philosophy to Solve Real-World Problems - Kai Holzweifiig and Jens Krüger -- 15 An Action-Theory-Based Treatment ofTemporal Individuals - Tillmann Pross -- 16 Four Rules for Classifying Social Entities - Ludger Jansen Part VI: Info-Computationalism 17 Info-Computationalism and Philosophical Aspects of Research in Information Sciences - Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic -- 18 Pancomputationalism: Theory or Metaphor ? - Vincent C. Mutter Part VII: Ethics 19 The Importance of the Sources of Professional Obligations - Francis C. Dane
- Field
- Informationswissenschaft
- Pages
- XIII, 275 S
- RSWK
- Technikphilosophie / Künstliche Intelligenz / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Aufsatzsammlung
- Subject
- Technikphilosophie / Künstliche Intelligenz / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Aufsatzsammlung
- Type
- s
-
Buckland, M.: Vom Mikrofilm zur Wissensmaschine : Emanuel Goldberg zwischen Medientechnik und Politik : Biografie (2010)
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- Abstract
- Emanuel Goldberg (1881-1970), Chemiker, Ingenieur und Gründer von Zeis Ikon. Er beeinflusste maßgeblich die Bildtechnologie in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ist Emanuel Goldberg der Erfinder der ersten Suchmaschine? 1932 bereits entwickelte er ein Gerät, das das Suchen, Auffinden und Anzeigen von beliebig vielen Dokumenten möglich machte. Diese Statistische Maschine, wie er sie nannte, kamen verschiedenste Technologien auf kreative Art und Weise zusammen: Mikrofilm für das Speichern von Dokumenten; Lochkarten für die Spezifikation der Suchanfragen; Elektronik für das Erkennen von Codierungsmustern; Optik; Kinematographie für die beweglichen Teile; und Telefonie für die Dateneingabe. Goldberg leistete Pionierarbeit, denn die Statistische Maschine scheint der erste Bildschirmarbeitsplatz mit elektronischen Komponenten gewesen zu sein und darüber hinaus das erste System zur Auffindung von Dokumenten, das über die Lokalisation von Einträgen mit bereits bekannten Positionsadressen hinausging und sich dem wesentlich anspruchsvolleren Unterfangen widmete, Dokumente hinsichtlich bestimmter Suchkriterien suchen, auswählen und abbilden zu können. Michael Buckland zeichnet hier eine unglaubliche Lebensgeschichte nach, die nicht nur Goldbergs Kreativität und Genialität honoriert, sondern auch ein intellektueller und gesellschaftlicher Spiegel ist - einer historisch wichtigen Zeit für die Geschichte der Informationswissenschaften und Technologie.
- Pages
- 380 S
-
Hauff-Hartig, S.: Fehl-, Falsch- und Desinformation aus dem Blickwinkel der Informationswissenschaften : Lassen sich Manipulationen im Internet durch informationswissenschaftliche Methoden identifizieren? (2018)
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- Abstract
- Falsche Nachrichten sind keine Erscheinung der Neuzeit. Die Feststellung, dass es im Internet Falschinformationen gibt, ist eine Binsenweisheit. In welchem Umfang jedoch Politiker mit falschen Behauptungen Erfolge erreichen und verifizierte Informationen als Fake News misskreditieren, ist besonders im Jahr 2016 in den Blickpunkt der Öffentlichkeit gelangt. Zu Recht, denn die gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen sind gravierend. Die Auseinandersetzung mit derartigen Informationspathologien ist ein Aufgabengebiet der Informationswissenschaften. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit soll die Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage sein, ob sich Manipulationen im Internet durch informationswissenschaftliche Methoden identifizieren lassen. Deshalb werden Falschinformationen zunächst in den informationswissenschaftlichen Kontext gestellt, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sichtweisen von Reiner Kuhlen, Luciano Floridi und Don Fallis. Nach einem kurzen Exkurs zu Nachrichten und Medien werden Falschinformationen basierend auf einem Konzept von Giglietto et al. konkreter untersucht. Dazu wird auf die Besonderheiten der Informationsausbreitung im Web 2.0 eingegangen, der Begriff "irreführende Informationen" eingeführt und Faktoren, die für deren Weitergabe relevant sind, benannt. Für die Untersuchung, wie irreführende Informationen weitergegeben werden, steht statt einer akteurorientierten Betrachtung der Aspekt des Prozesses im Mittelpunkt. Dies erfolgt durch die Untersuchung von vier Typologien der Weitergabe irreführender Informationen. Durch das vorgestellte Verbreitungsmodell lassen sich Zusammenhänge und Abläufe bei der Verbreitung von Fake News und anderen irreführenden Informationen besser beschreiben und verstehen als bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt.
- Pages
- 80 S
-
Floridi, L.: ¬The logic of information : a theory of philosophy as conceptual design (2019)
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- Content
- Vgl. auch das 'Buch-Symposium': unter: Gorichanaz, T., J. Furner u. L. Ma u.a.: Information and design: book symposium on Luciano Floridi's The Logic of Information. In: Journal of documentation. 76(2020) no.2, S.586-616.
- Pages
- xxii, 240 S
-
Krebs, J.: Uninformative Information? : Informationsübertragung als irreführende Leitmetapher der Informationsgesellschaft (2019)
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- Abstract
- Die irreführende technologische Metapher der Informationsübertragung impliziert paradoxerweise uninformative Information. Dem steht jener Informationsbegriff gegenüber, der mit Wissen und Verstehen assoziiert ist. Informativ wird etwas nicht wegen etwas Übertragenem, sondern in Relation zu Interessen und Befähigungen verstehender Wesen. Jakob Krebs zeigt, dass ein aufgeklärtes Selbstverständnis der Informationsgesellschaft somit einer genaueren Bestimmung von Informativität bedarf. Die ist nicht nur philosophisch aufschlussreich, sondern auch für alle Praktiken des Kommunizierens, Lernens und Lehrens. Denn Information lässt sich genauso wenig übertragen wie sich eine Grippe ausschwitzen lässt.
- Pages
- 330 S
-
Kaeser, E.: Trost der Langeweile : die Entdeckung menschlicher Lebensformen in digitalen Welten (2014)
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- Abstract
- Unaufgeregt und ohne die technischen Fortentwicklungen zu verteufeln richtet Kaeser den Fokus auf Lebensqualität, schält heraus, wo die Technik dem Durchschnittsbürger aufgedrängt wird, Gefahr läuft, ihn in den Griff zu kriegen und seine Lebenswelt zu verändern, und stellt ihr alltägliche, bewusste oder unbewusste Gewohnheiten gegenüber, die unhinterfragt zu einem Durchschnittsalltag gehören, aber oft zu wenig bewusst gepflegt zu werden. So sind seine Themen, unter vielen anderen, die Aufmerksamkeit, das Erinnern, das Lesen, das Schreiben - alles immer betrachtet unter den Aspekten des Handelns und auch der Infragestellung durch oft überproportioniert hereinbrechende, neue Techniken. Eine humorvolle und äusserst geistreiche Annäherung an das, was die echte Lebensqualität ausmacht.
- Content
- Vgl. auch den Beitrag: Kaeser, E.: Das postfaktische Zeitalter. In: http://www.nzz.ch/meinung/kommentare/googeln-statt-wissen-das-postfaktische-zeitalter-ld.111900.
- Pages
- 132 S
-
Gleick, J.: ¬The information : a history, a theory, a flood (2011)
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- BK
- 05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
- Classification
- 05.20 / Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 62(2011) no.12, S.2543-2545 (C.H. Davis)
- Pages
- 526 S
- RSWK
- Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichtee (BVB)
- Subject
- Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Geschichtee (BVB)
-
Riethmüller, J.: ¬Der graue Schwan : Prolegomena zum Wissen der Wissensgesellschaft (2012)
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- Abstract
- Die beliebte Diagnose der "Wissensgesellschaft" verdeckt, dass keineswegs geklärt scheint, von welchem Wissen hier die Rede ist. Vor der zeitdiagnostischen Analyse muss daher in epistemologischer Hinsicht eine kritische, transdisziplinär angelegte Begriffsarbeit stehen. Bleibt dies aus, prägen weiter zahllebige Mythen unser Wissen vom Wissen; der graue Schwan steht dann bildhaft für jenen eigenartigen Zwang, diesbezüglich Zentrales leichthin zu ignorieren: Weder besteht Wissen aus einem geheimnisvollen physikalischen Stoff Information, der beliebig zwischen unterschiedlich strukturierten Systemen hin- und her übertragen oder von diesen umstandslos gespeichert werden könnte, noch ist es sinnvoll als Gut, Rohstoff oder gar Ware zu begreifen. Wissen generiert den Erscheinungen der Welt kognitiv und kommunikativ ihre (stabile) Bedeutung.
- Pages
- 495 S
-
O'Connor, C.; Weatherall, J.O.: ¬The misinformation age : how false ideas spread (2019)
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- Abstract
- The social dynamics of alternative facts: why what you believe depends on who you know. Why should we care about having true beliefs? And why do demonstrably false beliefs persist and spread despite bad, even fatal, consequences for the people who hold them? Philosophers of science Cailin OConnor and James Weatherall argue that social factors, rather than individual psychology, are whats essential to understanding the spread and persistence of false beliefs. It might seem that theres an obvious reason that true beliefs matter: false beliefs will hurt you. But if thats right, then why is it (apparently) irrelevant to many people whether they believe true things or not? The Misinformation Age, written for a political era riven by fake news, alternative facts, and disputes over the validity of everything from climate change to the size of inauguration crowds, shows convincingly that what you believe depends on who you know. If social forces explain the persistence of false belief, we must understand how those forces work in order to fight misinformation effectively.
- BK
- 05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
- Classification
- 05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 71(2020) no.5, S.612-615 (Marc Kosciejew).
- Pages
- ix, 266 S
