Search (40 results, page 1 of 2)

0.22831932 = product of:
  0.53274506 = sum of:
    0.07610644 = product of:
      0.2283193 = sum of:
        0.2283193 = weight(_text_:3a in 5955) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.2283193 = score(doc=5955,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.34821346 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04107254 = queryNorm
            0.65568775 = fieldWeight in 5955, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5955)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.2283193 = weight(_text_:2f in 5955) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.2283193 = score(doc=5955,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.34821346 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.65568775 = fieldWeight in 5955, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5955)
    0.2283193 = weight(_text_:2f in 5955) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.2283193 = score(doc=5955,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.34821346 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.65568775 = fieldWeight in 5955, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5955)
  0.42857143 = coord(3/7)

Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

0.021950537 = product of:
  0.15365376 = sum of:
    0.15365376 = product of:
      0.3073075 = sum of:
        0.3073075 = weight(_text_:mathematics in 6039) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.3073075 = score(doc=6039,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.25945482 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.31699 = idf(docFreq=216, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04107254 = queryNorm
            1.1844356 = fieldWeight in 6039, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              6.31699 = idf(docFreq=216, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6039)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

PRECIS

Mathematics / Fuzzy sets

Subject

Mathematics / Fuzzy sets

0.015096531 = product of:
  0.10567571 = sum of:
    0.10567571 = weight(_text_:techniques in 1681) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.10567571 = score(doc=1681,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18093403 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.405231 = idf(docFreq=1467, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.5840566 = fieldWeight in 1681, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.405231 = idf(docFreq=1467, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1681)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Abstract

How creativity is tapped in science. The unconcious mind and discovery intuition vs. verbal reasoning. Poincaré's forgetting hypothesis. Creative techniques of Einstein, Pascal, Wiener and others

0.014264907 = product of:
  0.09985434 = sum of:
    0.09985434 = weight(_text_:digital in 7) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.09985434 = score(doc=7,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.16201277 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.6163362 = fieldWeight in 7, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=7)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

LCSH

Electronic digital computers

Subject

Electronic digital computers

0.012748304 = product of:
  0.08923812 = sum of:
    0.08923812 = weight(_text_:processing in 627) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08923812 = score(doc=627,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.1662677 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.53671354 = fieldWeight in 627, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=627)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Footnote

Rez. in: Information processing and management 31(1995) no.2, S.261-262 (B. Allen)

0.012748304 = product of:
  0.08923812 = sum of:
    0.08923812 = weight(_text_:processing in 6045) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08923812 = score(doc=6045,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.1662677 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.53671354 = fieldWeight in 6045, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6045)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Footnote

Rez. in: College and research libraries 56(1995) no.2, S.186-188 (J. Larson); Information processing and management 33(1997) no.3, S.408-409 (P. Doty)

0.012748304 = product of:
  0.08923812 = sum of:
    0.08923812 = weight(_text_:processing in 2053) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08923812 = score(doc=2053,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.1662677 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.53671354 = fieldWeight in 2053, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2053)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Footnote

Rez in: Information processing and management 33(1997) no.6, S.807 (P. Borlund)

0.012104175 = product of:
  0.084729224 = sum of:
    0.084729224 = weight(_text_:digital in 3382) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.084729224 = score(doc=3382,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.16201277 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.52297866 = fieldWeight in 3382, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3382)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Abstract

The first aim is to provide well-articulated concepts by thinking through elementary phenomena of today's world, focusing on privacy and the digital, to clarify who we are in the cyberworld - hence a phenomenology of digital whoness. The second aim is to engage critically, hermeneutically with older and current literature on privacy, including in today's emerging cyberworld. Phenomenological results include concepts of i) self-identity through interplay with the world, ii) personal privacy in contradistinction to the privacy of private property, iii) the cyberworld as an artificial, digital dimension in order to discuss iv) what freedom in the cyberworld can mean, whilst not neglecting v) intercultural aspects and vi) the EU context.

0.010516814 = product of:
  0.0736177 = sum of:
    0.0736177 = weight(_text_:processing in 7156) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.0736177 = score(doc=7156,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.1662677 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.4427661 = fieldWeight in 7156, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=7156)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

LCSH

Communication / Data processing

Subject

Communication / Data processing

0.009014412 = product of:
  0.06310088 = sum of:
    0.06310088 = weight(_text_:processing in 1557) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.06310088 = score(doc=1557,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.1662677 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.3795138 = fieldWeight in 1557, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1557)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

LCSH

Human information processing

Subject

Human information processing

0.0075120106 = product of:
  0.05258407 = sum of:
    0.05258407 = weight(_text_:processing in 306) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.05258407 = score(doc=306,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.1662677 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.3162615 = fieldWeight in 306, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=306)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

LCSH

Electronic data processing

Subject

Electronic data processing

0.0074365106 = product of:
  0.05205557 = sum of:
    0.05205557 = weight(_text_:processing in 773) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.05205557 = score(doc=773,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.1662677 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.3130829 = fieldWeight in 773, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=773)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Abstract

The 2nd ed. of this introductory work gives an account of the new methods of thinking about information. The author examines the importance of the social and cultural context in analysing the meaning and relevance of information for the indivudual and society. He explores the interaction between communications technology, human information processing, the representation of information and the attendant problems of storage and transmission. The social implications of knowledge engineering are also discussed, together with the ethics of information and its relevance to the information professional of the next century

0.0060520875 = product of:
  0.042364612 = sum of:
    0.042364612 = weight(_text_:digital in 4127) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.042364612 = score(doc=4127,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.16201277 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.26148933 = fieldWeight in 4127, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=4127)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Abstract

For several decades Rafael Capurro has been at the forefront of defining the relationship between information and modernity through both phenomenological and ethical formulations. In exploring both of these themes Capurro has re-vivified the transcultural and intercultural expressions of how we bring an understanding of information to bear on scientific knowledge production and intermediation. Capurro has long stressed the need to look deeply into how we contextualize the information problems that scientific society creates for us and to re-incorporate a pragmatic dimension into our response that provides a balance to the cognitive turn in information science. With contributions from 35 scholars from 15 countries, Information Cultures in the Digital Age focuses on the culture and philosophy of information, information ethics, the relationship of information to message, the historic and semiotic understanding of information, the relationship of information to power and the future of information education. This Festschrift seeks to celebrate Rafael Capurro's important contribution to a global dialogue on how information conceptualization, use and technology impact human culture and the ethical questions that arise from this dynamic relationship.

Content

Inhalt: Super-Science, Fundamental Dimension, Way of Being: Library and Information Science in an Age of Messages / Bawden, David (et al.) (S.31-43) - The "Naturalization" of the Philosophy of Rafael Capurro: Logic, Information and Ethics / Brenner, Joseph E. (S.45-64) - Turing's Cyberworld / Eldred, Michael (S.65-81) - Hermeneutics and Information Science: The Ongoing Journey From Simple Objective Interpretation to Understanding Data as a Form of Disclosure / Kelly, Matthew (S.83-110) - The Epistemological Maturity of Information Science and the Debate Around Paradigms / Ribeiro, Fernanda (et al.) (S.111-124) - A Methodology for Studying Knowledge Creation in Organizational Settings: A Phenomenological Viewpoint / Suorsa, Anna (et al.) (S.125-142) - The Significance of Digital Hermeneutics for the Philosophy of Technology / Tripathi, Arun Kumar (S.143-157) - Reconciling Social Responsibility and Neutrality in LIS Professional Ethics: A Virtue Ethics Approach / Burgess, John T F (S.161-172) - Information Ethics in the Age of Digital Labour and the Surveillance-Industrial Complex / Fuchs, Christian (S.173-190) - Intercultural Information Ethics: A Pragmatic Consideration / Hongladarom, Soraj (S.191-206) - Ethics of European Institutions as Normative Foundation of Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT / Stahl, Bernd Carsten (S.207-219) - Raphael's / Holgate, John D. (S.223-245) - Understanding the Pulse of Existence: An Examination of Capurro's Angeletics / Morador, Fernando Flores (S.247-252) - The Demon in the Gap of Language: Capurro, Ethics and language in Divided Germany / Saldanha, Gustavo Silva (S.253-268) - General Intellect, Communication and Contemporary Media Theory / Frohmann, Bernd (S.271-286) - "Data": The data / Furner, Jonathan (S.287-306) - On the Pre-History of Library Ethics: Documents and Legitimacy / Hansson, Joacim (S.307-319) -

0.005173791 = product of:
  0.03621654 = sum of:
    0.03621654 = product of:
      0.07243308 = sum of:
        0.07243308 = weight(_text_:mathematics in 3270) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.07243308 = score(doc=3270,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.25945482 = queryWeight, product of:
              6.31699 = idf(docFreq=216, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04107254 = queryNorm
            0.27917415 = fieldWeight in 3270, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              6.31699 = idf(docFreq=216, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3270)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Abstract

We live in a society that is awash with information, but few of us really understand what information is. In this Very Short Introduction, one of the world's leading authorities on the philosophy of information and on information ethics, Luciano Floridi, offers an illuminating exploration of information as it relates to both philosophy and science. He discusses the roots of the concept of information in mathematics and science, and considers the role of information in several fields, including biology. Floridi also discusses concepts such as "Infoglut" (too much information to process) and the emergence of an information society, and he addresses the nature of information as a communication process and its place as a physical phenomenon. Perhaps more important, he explores information's meaning and value, and ends by considering the broader social and ethical issues relating to information, including problems surrounding accessibility, privacy, ownership, copyright, and open source. This book helps us understand the true meaning of the concept and how it can be used to understand our world. About the Series: Combining authority with wit, accessibility, and style, Very Short Introductions offer an introduction to some of life's most interesting topics. Written by experts for the newcomer, they demonstrate the finest contemporary thinking about the central problems and issues in hundreds of key topics, from philosophy to Freud, quantum theory to Islam.

0.005032177 = product of:
  0.03522524 = sum of:
    0.03522524 = weight(_text_:techniques in 4474) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03522524 = score(doc=4474,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.18093403 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.405231 = idf(docFreq=1467, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.19468555 = fieldWeight in 4474, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.405231 = idf(docFreq=1467, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4474)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Abstract

The flood of information brought to us by advancing technology is often accompanied by a distressing sense of "information overload," yet this experience is not unique to modern times. In fact, says Ann M. Blair in this intriguing book, the invention of the printing press and the ensuing abundance of books provoked sixteenth- and seventeenth-century European scholars to register complaints very similar to our own. Blair examines methods of information management in ancient and medieval Europe as well as the Islamic world and China, then focuses particular attention on the organization, composition, and reception of Latin reference books in print in early modern Europe. She explores in detail the sophisticated and sometimes idiosyncratic techniques that scholars and readers developed in an era of new technology and exploding information.

0.004769796 = product of:
  0.03338857 = sum of:
    0.03338857 = product of:
      0.06677714 = sum of:
        0.06677714 = weight(_text_:22 in 4857) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06677714 = score(doc=4857,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.14382903 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04107254 = queryNorm
            0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 4857, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4857)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Date

8. 7.2000 18:17:22

0.004769796 = product of:
  0.03338857 = sum of:
    0.03338857 = product of:
      0.06677714 = sum of:
        0.06677714 = weight(_text_:22 in 5436) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06677714 = score(doc=5436,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.14382903 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04107254 = queryNorm
            0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 5436, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5436)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Date

22. 7.2000 19:07:17

0.004279472 = product of:
  0.029956304 = sum of:
    0.029956304 = weight(_text_:digital in 18) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.029956304 = score(doc=18,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.16201277 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.18490088 = fieldWeight in 18, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=18)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Footnote

Jedoch zeigt es gleichzeitig eine erhebliche Schwäche, die auch für die Konzeption als Lehrbuch sehr problematisch ist. In den ersten beiden Kapiteln versucht der Autor, sehr gerafft existierende ethische Ansätze aufzuzeigen und ihren Zusammenhang zur Informationsethik zu skizzieren bzw. Menschenrechtskonzeptionen für die Ziele der Informationsethik nutzbar zu machen. Liest man jedoch weiter, so tauchen die angeführten ethischen Positionen nur noch vereinzelt, unsystematisch und kaum reflektiert auf. Im Wesentlichen erschöpfen sich die Kapitel 3 bis 8 darin, Sachverhalte aufzuzeigen, Konfliktlinien nachzuzeichnen und Argumentationen verschiedenster Interessengruppierungen darzustellen - reine Deskription also. Gleichzeitig werden in den hervorgehobenen Passagen gleichsam apodiktisch und ohne Begründung ethische Postulate formuliert: So und so ist es eben, so und so soll es sein. Dies fällt weit hinter den aktuellen Stand der Diskussion allein im deutschsprachigen Bereich zurück, wie sich an vielen Beispielen deutlich machen lässt: 1) Zwar geht Kuhlen in Kap. 5 auf Beate Rösslers Texte zur Privatheit ein, aber deutet nicht einmal an, wie umfassend sie und viele andere Autoren mit Rückgriff auf Argumente der politischen Philosophie den Anspruch auf Privatheit normativ begründet. z) Obwohl Helmut Spinner mit"Die Wissensordnung" 1994 und "Die Architektur der Informationsgesellschaft" 1998 ausführlich eine (normative) Antwort gegeben hat, wie mit Informationen in einer rechtsstaatlichen Demokratie umgegangen werden sollte, um Rechte und Freiheiten der Bürger zu erhalten und Konflikte zu lösen, geht Kuhlen darauf nicht ein. Dabei ist das Zonen-Konzept Spinners zumindest ein Ausgangspunkt für normative Überlegungen. 3) Auch wenn es problematisch ist, in einer Rezension für sich selbst Partei zu ergreifen, sei der Hinweis erlaubt, dass der Rezensent seit geraumer Zeit versucht, die Konzepte der verschiedenen liberalen Strömungen der politischen Philosophie für die Grundlegung einer Informationsethik - bspw. in Bezug auf die Wahrung von Bürgerrechten und den Digital Divide -fruchtbar zu machen. 4) Allenfalls kursorisch werden die mehr als wichtigen Beiträge von Rafael Capurro, Thomas Hausmanninger und vielen weiteren Autoren in den ICIE-Bänden und anderen Publikationen genannt. Zuletzt: Im internationalen Kontext ist die Forschung viel weiter, als dies Kuhlen darlegt. So ist die Debatte um den Digital Divide weit über das Problem der mangelnden technischen Infrastruktur hinausgegangen - ein Blick bspw. in Mark Warschauers Texte wäre sehr erhellend. Weiterhin, die Liste ist beileibe unvollständig, fehlt die gesamte Auseinandersetzung um die Postmoderne, die wichtigen Beiträge aus den USA werden nur angeschnitten, Luciano Floridi oder Manuel Castells werden bloß kurz zitiert - als Laie könnte man den (mehr als falschen) Eindruck gewinnen, dass Rainer Kuhlen die Informationsethik erfunden hätte. Problematisch ist dabei nicht die gekränkte Eitelkeit der übergangenen Autoren (obwohl intellektuelle Redlichkeit sowie informationswissenschaftliche Ansprüche fordern, auf andere Ansätze hinzuweisen); vielmehr erweckt Kuhlen den Eindruck, dass es gar nicht notwendig sei, normative Aussagen zu begründen oder deutlich zu machen, dass elaborierte Begründungen existieren und bedeutsam für die Ausarbeitung einer Informationsethik sind. Studierende, die Kuhlens Buch nutzen, müssen fast zwangsläufig den Eindruck bekommen, dass es in ethischen Diskursen nur darauf ankommt, wer etwas behauptet, statt darauf, wie das Gesagte begründet wird. Fazit: Rainer Kuhlens "Informationsethik" liefert eine Fülle von Informationen. Aber weder als Lehrbuch noch als Beitrag zur systematischen Debatte der Informationsethik kann es wirklich überzeugen, dazu ist es zu sehr von Auslassungen geprägt."

0.004279472 = product of:
  0.029956304 = sum of:
    0.029956304 = weight(_text_:digital in 3267) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.029956304 = score(doc=3267,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.16201277 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.18490088 = fieldWeight in 3267, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=3267)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Content

Semantic information and the network theory of account. Introduction ; The nature of the upgrading problem : mutual independence ; Solving the upgrading problem : the network theory of account ; Advantages of a network theory of account ; Testing the network theory of account -- Consciousness, agents, and the knowledge game. Introduction ; The knowledge game ; The first and classic version of the knowledge game : externally inferable states ; The second version of the knowledge game ; The third version of the knowledge game ; The fourth version of the knowledge game ; Dretske's question and the knowledge game -- Against digital ontology. Introduction ; What is digital ontology : It from bit ; The thought experiment ; Three objections and replies -- A defense of informational structural realism. Introduction ; First step : ESR and OSR are not compatible ; Second step : Relata are not logically prior to all relations ; Third step : the concept of a structural object is not empty ; Informational structural realism ; Ten objections and replies.

0.004034725 = product of:
  0.028243072 = sum of:
    0.028243072 = weight(_text_:digital in 3884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.028243072 = score(doc=3884,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.16201277 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04107254 = queryNorm
        0.17432621 = fieldWeight in 3884, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3884)
  0.14285715 = coord(1/7)

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.10, S.1126-1128 (P.K. Nayar): "How Images Think is an exercise both in philosophical meditation and critical theorizing about media, images, affects, and cognition. Burnett combines the insights of neuroscience with theories of cognition and the computer sciences. He argues that contemporary metaphors - biological or mechanical - about either cognition, images, or computer intelligence severely limit our understanding of the image. He suggests in his introduction that "image" refers to the "complex set of interactions that constitute everyday life in image-worlds" (p. xviii). For Burnett the fact that increasing amounts of intelligence are being programmed into technologies and devices that use images as their main form of interaction and communication-computers, for instance-suggests that images are interfaces, structuring interaction, people, and the environment they share. New technologies are not simply extensions of human abilities and needs-they literally enlarge cultural and social preconceptions of the relationship between body and mind. The flow of information today is part of a continuum, with exceptional events standing as punctuation marks. This flow connects a variety of sources, some of which are continuous - available 24 hours - or "live" and radically alters issues of memory and history. Television and the Internet, notes Burnett, are not simply a simulated world-they are the world, and the distinctions between "natural" and "non-natural" have disappeared. Increasingly, we immerse ourselves in the image, as if we are there. We rarely become conscious of the fact that we are watching images of events-for all perceptioe, cognitive, and interpretive purposes, the image is the event for us. The proximity and distance of viewer from/with the viewed has altered so significantly that the screen is us. However, this is not to suggest that we are simply passive consumers of images. As Burnett points out, painstakingly, issues of creativity are involved in the process of visualization-viewwes generate what they see in the images. This involves the historical moment of viewing-such as viewing images of the WTC bombings-and the act of re-imagining. As Burnett puts it, "the questions about what is pictured and what is real have to do with vantage points [of the viewer] and not necessarily what is in the image" (p. 26). In his second chapter Burnett moves an to a discussion of "imagescapes." Analyzing the analogue-digital programming of images, Burnett uses the concept of "reverie" to describe the viewing experience. The reverie is a "giving in" to the viewing experience, a "state" in which conscious ("I am sitting down an this sofa to watch TV") and unconscious (pleasure, pain, anxiety) processes interact. Meaning emerges in the not-always easy or "clean" process of hybridization. This "enhances" the thinking process beyond the boundaries of either image or subject. Hybridization is the space of intelligence, exchange, and communication.
Moving an to virtual images, Burnett posits the existence of "microcultures": places where people take control of the means of creation and production in order to makes sense of their social and cultural experiences. Driven by the need for community, such microcultures generate specific images as part of a cultural movement (Burnett in fact argues that microcultures make it possible for a "small cinema of twenty-five seats to become part of a cultural movement" [p. 63]), where the process of visualization-which involves an awareness of the historical moment - is central to the info-world and imagescapes presented. The computer becomms an archive, a history. The challenge is not only of preserving information, but also of extracting information. Visualization increasingly involves this process of picking a "vantage point" in order to selectively assimilate the information. In virtual reality systems, and in the digital age in general, the distance between what is being pictured and what is experienced is overcome. Images used to be treated as opaque or transparent films among experience, perception, and thought. But, now, images are taken to another level, where the viewer is immersed in the image-experience. Burnett argues-though this is hardly a fresh insight-that "interactivity is only possible when images are the raw material used by participants to change if not transform the purpose of their viewing experience" (p. 90). He suggests that a work of art, "does not start its life as an image ... it gains the status of image when it is placed into a context of viewing and visualization" (p. 90). With simulations and cyberspace the viewing experience has been changed utterly. Burnett defines simulation as "mapping different realities into images that have an environmental, cultural, and social form" (p. 95). However, the emphasis in Burnett is significant-he suggests that interactivity is not achieved through effects, but as a result of experiences attached to stories. Narrative is not merely the effect of technology-it is as much about awareness as it is about Fantasy. Heightened awareness, which is popular culture's aim at all times, and now available through head-mounted displays (HMD), also involves human emotions and the subtleties of human intuition.
The sixth chapter looks at this interfacing of humans and machines and begins with a series of questions. The crucial one, to my mind, is this: "Does the distinction between humans and technology contribute to a lack of understanding of the continuous interrelationship and interdependence that exists between humans and all of their creations?" (p. 125) Burnett suggests that to use biological or mechanical views of the computer/mind (the computer as an input/output device) Limits our understanding of the ways in which we interact with machines. He thus points to the role of language, the conversations (including the one we held with machines when we were children) that seem to suggest a wholly different kind of relationship. Peer-to-peer communication (P2P), which is arguably the most widely used exchange mode of images today, is the subject of chapter seven. The issue here is whether P2P affects community building or community destruction. Burnett argues that the trope of community can be used to explore the flow of historical events that make up a continuum-from 17th-century letter writing to e-mail. In the new media-and Burnett uses the example of popular music which can be sampled, and reedited to create new compositions - the interpretive space is more flexible. Private networks can be set up, and the process of information retrieval (about which Burnett has already expended considerable space in the early chapters) involves a lot more of visualization. P2P networks, as Burnett points out, are about information management. They are about the harmony between machines and humans, and constitute a new ecology of communications. Turning to computer games, Burnett looks at the processes of interaction, experience, and reconstruction in simulated artificial life worlds, animations, and video images. For Burnett (like Andrew Darley, 2000 and Richard Doyle, 2003) the interactivity of the new media games suggests a greater degree of engagement with imageworlds. Today many facets of looking, listening, and gazing can be turned into aesthetic forms with the new media. Digital technology literally reanimates the world, as Burnett demonstrates in bis concluding chapter. Burnett concludes that images no longer simply represent the world-they shape our very interaction with it; they become the foundation for our understanding the spaces, places, and historical moments that we inhabit. Burnett concludes his book with the suggestion that intelligence is now a distributed phenomenon (here closely paralleling Katherine Hayles' argument that subjectivity is dispersed through the cybernetic circuit, 1999). There is no one center of information or knowledge. Intersections of human creativity, work, and connectivity "spread" (Burnett's term) "intelligence through the use of mediated devices and images, as well as sounds" (p. 221).
Burnett's work is a useful basic primer an the new media. One of the chief attractions here is his clear language, devoid of the jargon of either computer sciences or advanced critical theory. This makes How Images Think an accessible introduction to digital cultures. Burnett explores the impact of the new technologies an not just image-making but an image-effects, and the ways in which images constitute our ecologies of identity, communication, and subject-hood. While some of the sections seem a little too basic (especially where he speaks about the ways in which we constitute an object as an object of art, see above), especially in the wake of reception theory, it still remains a starting point for those interested in cultural studies of the new media. The Gase Burnett makes out for the transformation of the ways in which we look at images has been strengthened by his attention to the history of this transformation-from photography through television and cinema and now to immersive virtual reality systems. Joseph Koemer (2004) has pointed out that the iconoclasm of early modern Europe actually demonstrates how idolatory was integral to the image-breakers' core belief. As Koerner puts it, "images never go away ... they persist and function by being perpetually destroyed" (p. 12). Burnett, likewise, argues that images in new media are reformed to suit new contexts of meaning-production-even when they appear to be destroyed. Images are recast, and the degree of their realism (or fantasy) heightened or diminished-but they do not "go away." Images do think, but-if I can parse Burnett's entire work-they think with, through, and in human intelligence, emotions, and intuitions. Images are uncanny-they are both us and not-us, ours and not-ours. There is, surprisingly, one factual error. Burnett claims that Myron Kreuger pioneered the term "virtual reality." To the best of my knowledge, it was Jaron Lanier who did so (see Featherstone & Burrows, 1998 [1995], p. 5)."