Search (355 results, page 18 of 18)

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Abstract

We discuss information by attempting to operationalize it using: (1) Dervin and Nilan's idea that information is a subjective construct rather than an objective thing; (2) Brookes's idea that information is that which modifies knowledge structure; and (3) Neisser's idea that perception is top-down or schemata driven to the point of paradoxon. De Mey, Minsky's theorem of frames, and top-down and bottom-up models from reading theory are discussed. We conclude that information must be rare because only rare information can modify knowledge structure at its upper levels, and that to modify knowledge structure at its upper levels (its essence) information may have to enter the perception cycle in 2 stages

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Abstract

Comments that printed media and related services in Africa have failed to promote a reading culture and illiteracy is on the increase, possibly as a result of wrong assumptions on the part of so called developers. A greater understanding of the potential of oral communication in the transfer of appropriate of information from books is needed. The mediator communicates or derecords, the information in books by orally translating those parts appropriate to a specific group, in their mother tongue. 1 year certificates and 2 year diplomas in appropriate community librarianship, should be instituted to train, preferably Africans, for this work

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Source

International journal of information management. 15(1995) no.1, S.5-16

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Source

International forum on information and documentation. 20(1995) no.1, S.31-42

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Source

Journal of information; communication; and library science. 2(1995) no.1, S.25-49

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Source

New review of information and library research. 1(1995), S.23-37

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Abstract

Examines the problems involved in accounting for in theoretical and empirical terms, the social context within which information is generated, sought for, acquired, evaluated, organized, disseminated, and used in complex formal organizations. Describes the findings of research based on an innovative theoretical approach that focuses on 1 important element of the social context of information, called the information use environment. This approach represents a conceptual advance that improves understanding of the complexities of the working world of information professionals

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Abstract

Studies of public understanding, which include specific areas of study, such as: public understanding of science; intuitive physics; nutritional myths; and the 'mental mappimg' of geographical space are seen as falling into a general model of information transfer, using Popper's notion of 3 worlds. The deficiencies and distortions of understanding revealed by these studies can be perceived as defects in information transfer from worlds 1 and 3 (physical world and subjective world of mental phenomena respectively) to world2 (intellectual content of cultural artifacts). Proposes that more detailed cognitive profiling could identify these problem areas, thus enabling remedial measures to be taken to ensure better information transfer to the public in specific areas, such as: promotion of health care; education and advertising

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Abstract

Builds on an earlier 1994 (Information management report, Feb 1994, S.1) article dealing with the abuse of information that flows from disregard for its basic characteristics, drawing on evidence accumulated since then. Highlights the essential structural characteristics of information, and offers some interim conclusions and recommendations for a more critical approach to its use for decision making and opinioin forming. Covers: absolute data and the relativing background; the importance of context; the volatility and stability of information; quantitative information characterized as stocks and flows; aggregates and residuals. A future article will take up some remaining issues and discuss solutions that employ data transformations to improve the quality of information

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Source

Knowledge organization. 26(1999) no.1, S.3-9

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Abstract

This study establishes 3 predominant cognitive models of information and the information transfer process manifest in the literature of library and information science, based on a linguistic analysis of phrases incoporating the word 'information' from a random sample of abstracts in the LISA database. The direct communication (DC) and indirect communication (IC) models (drawn from Reddy's frameworks of metalinguistic usage) adopt the perspective of the information system; the information-seeking (IS) model takes the viewpoint of the information user. 2 disturbing findings are presented: 1. core elements of the DC and IC models are more weakly supported by the data than are most of the peripheral elements; and 2. even though the IS model presents the information user's perspective, the data emphasise the role of the information system. These findings suggest respectively that the field lacks a coherent model of information transfer per se and that our model of information retrieval is mechanistic, oblivious to the cognitive models of end users

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Isbn

0-85142-255-1

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Source

Journal of librarianship and information science. 28(1996) no.1, S.15-24

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Abstract

Information Systems (IS) is among the most widespread terms in the Computer Science field but a well founded, widely accepted theory of IS is still missing. With the Internet publication of the FRISCO report, the IFIP task group "FRamework of Information System COncepts" has taken a first step towards such a theory. Among the major achievements of this report are: (1) it builds on a solid basis formed by semiotics and ontology, (2) it defines a compendium of about 100 core IS concepts in a coherent and consistent way, (3) it goes beyond the common narrow view of information systems as pure technical artefacts by adopting an interdisciplinary, socio-technical view on them. In the autumn of 1999, a first review of the report and its impact was undertaken at the ISCO-4 conference in Leiden. In a workshop specifically devoted to the subject, the original aims and goals of FRISCO were confirmed to be still valid and the overall approach and achievements of the report were acknowledged. On the other hand, the workshop revealed some misconceptions, errors and weaknesses of the report in its present form, which are to be removed through a comprehensive revision now under way. This paper reports on the results of the Leiden conference and the current revision activities. It also points out some important consequences of the FRISCO approach as a whole.