Search (42 results, page 2 of 3)

0.0027484642 = product of:
  0.0054969285 = sum of:
    0.0054969285 = product of:
      0.010993857 = sum of:
        0.010993857 = weight(_text_:d in 2872) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.010993857 = score(doc=2872,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.1259449 = fieldWeight in 2872, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2872)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Language

d

0.0025912772 = product of:
  0.0051825545 = sum of:
    0.0051825545 = product of:
      0.010365109 = sum of:
        0.010365109 = weight(_text_:d in 1217) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.010365109 = score(doc=1217,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.118742 = fieldWeight in 1217, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1217)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

The National Science Foundation's (NSF) National Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education Digital Library (NSDL) program seeks to create, develop, and sustain a national digital library supporting science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) education at all levels -- preK-12, undergraduate, graduate, and life-long learning. The resulting virtual institution is expected to catalyze and support continual improvements in the quality of science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) education in both formal and informal settings. The vision for this program has been explored through a series of workshops over the past several years and documented in accompanying reports and monographs. (See [1-7, 10, 12, and 13].) These efforts have led to a characterization of the digital library as a learning environments and resources network for science, mathematics, engineering, and technology education, that is: * designed to meet the needs of learners, in both individual and collaborative settings; * constructed to enable dynamic use of a broad array of materials for learning primarily in digital format; and * managed actively to promote reliable anytime, anywhere access to quality collections and services, available both within and without the network. Underlying the NSDL program are several working assumptions. First, while there is currently no lack of "great piles of content" on the Web, there is an urgent need for "piles of great content". The difficulties in discovering and verifying the authority of appropriate Web-based material are certainly well known, yet there are many examples of learning resources of great promise available (particularly those exploiting the power of multiple media), with more added every day. The breadth and interconnectedness of the Web are simultaneously a great strength and shortcoming. Second, the "unit" or granularity of educational content can and will shrink, affording the opportunity for users to become creators and vice versa, as learning objects are reused, repackaged, and repurposed. To be sure, this scenario cannot take place without serious attention to intellectual property and digital rights management concerns. But new models and technologies are being explored (see a number of recent articles in the January issue of D-Lib Magazine). Third, there is a need for an "organizational infrastructure" that facilitates connections between distributed users and distributed content, as alluded to in the third bullet above. Finally, while much of the ongoing use of the library is envisioned to be "free" in the sense of the public good, there is an opportunity and a need to consider multiple alternative models of sustainability, particularly in the area of services offered by the digital library. More details about the NSDL program including information about proposal deadlines and current awards may be found at <http://www.ehr.nsf.gov/ehr/due/programs/nsdl>.

Source

D-Lib magazine. 7(2001) no.3, xx S

0.002290387 = product of:
  0.004580774 = sum of:
    0.004580774 = product of:
      0.009161548 = sum of:
        0.009161548 = weight(_text_:d in 6470) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009161548 = score(doc=6470,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.104954086 = fieldWeight in 6470, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6470)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 6(2000) no.12, xx S

0.002290387 = product of:
  0.004580774 = sum of:
    0.004580774 = product of:
      0.009161548 = sum of:
        0.009161548 = weight(_text_:d in 4537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009161548 = score(doc=4537,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.104954086 = fieldWeight in 4537, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4537)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Language

d

0.002290387 = product of:
  0.004580774 = sum of:
    0.004580774 = product of:
      0.009161548 = sum of:
        0.009161548 = weight(_text_:d in 1164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009161548 = score(doc=1164,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.104954086 = fieldWeight in 1164, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1164)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 10(2004) no.2, x S

0.002290387 = product of:
  0.004580774 = sum of:
    0.004580774 = product of:
      0.009161548 = sum of:
        0.009161548 = weight(_text_:d in 1181) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009161548 = score(doc=1181,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.104954086 = fieldWeight in 1181, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1181)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 11(2005) no.3, x S

0.002290387 = product of:
  0.004580774 = sum of:
    0.004580774 = product of:
      0.009161548 = sum of:
        0.009161548 = weight(_text_:d in 1193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009161548 = score(doc=1193,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.104954086 = fieldWeight in 1193, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1193)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 10(2004) no.3, x S

0.002290387 = product of:
  0.004580774 = sum of:
    0.004580774 = product of:
      0.009161548 = sum of:
        0.009161548 = weight(_text_:d in 1239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009161548 = score(doc=1239,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.104954086 = fieldWeight in 1239, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1239)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 5(1999) no.3, xx S

0.002290387 = product of:
  0.004580774 = sum of:
    0.004580774 = product of:
      0.009161548 = sum of:
        0.009161548 = weight(_text_:d in 1261) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009161548 = score(doc=1261,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.104954086 = fieldWeight in 1261, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1261)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 3(1997) no.12, xx S

0.002290387 = product of:
  0.004580774 = sum of:
    0.004580774 = product of:
      0.009161548 = sum of:
        0.009161548 = weight(_text_:d in 2408) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009161548 = score(doc=2408,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.104954086 = fieldWeight in 2408, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2408)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Language

d

0.0022673677 = product of:
  0.0045347353 = sum of:
    0.0045347353 = product of:
      0.009069471 = sum of:
        0.009069471 = weight(_text_:d in 1227) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009069471 = score(doc=1227,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.10389925 = fieldWeight in 1227, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=1227)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

The National Science Foundation's (NSF) National Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education Digital Library (NSDL) program comprises a set of projects engaged in a collective effort to build a national digital library of high quality science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educational materials for students and teachers at all levels, in both formal and informal settings. By providing broad access to a rich, reliable, and authoritative collection of interactive learning and teaching resources and associated services in a digital environment, the NSDL will encourage and sustain continual improvements in the quality of STEM education for all students, and serve as a resource for lifelong learning. Though the program is relatively new, its vision and operational framework have been developed over a number of years through various workshops and planning meetings. The NSDL program held its first formal funding cycle during fiscal year 2000 (FY00), accepting proposals in four tracks: Core Integration System, Collections, Services, and Targeted Research. Twenty-nine awards were made across these tracks in September 2000. Brief descriptions of each FY00 project appeared in an October 2000 D-Lib Magazine article; full abstracts are available from the Awards Section at <http://www.ehr.nsf.gov/ehr/due/programs/nsdl/>. In FY01 the program received one hundred-nine proposals across its four tracks with the number of proposals in the collections, services, and targeted research tracks increasing to one hundred-one from the eighty received in FY00. In September 2001 grants were awarded to support 35 new projects: 1 project in the core integration track, 18 projects in the collections track, 13 in the services track, and 3 in targeted research. Two NSF directorates, the Directorate for Geosciences (GEO) and the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) are both providing significant co-funding on several projects, illustrating the NSDL program's facilitation of the integration of research and education, an important strategic objective of the NSF. Thus far across both fiscal years of the program fifteen projects have enjoyed this joint support. Following is a list of the FY01 awards indicating the official NSF award number (each beginning with DUE), the project title, the grantee institution, and the name of the Principal Investigator (PI). A condensed description of the project is also included. Full abstracts are available from the Awards Section at the NSDL program site at <http://www.ehr.nsf.gov/ehr/due/programs/nsdl/>. (Grants with shared titles are formal collaborations and are grouped together.) The projects are displayed by track and are listed by award number. In addition, six of these projects have explicit relevance and application to K-12 education. Six others clearly have potential for application to the K-12 arena. The NSDL program will have another funding cycle in fiscal year 2002 with the next program solicitation expected to be available in January 2002, and an anticipated deadline for proposals in mid-April 2002.

Source

D-Lib magazine. 7(2001) no.11, x S

0.0022673677 = product of:
  0.0045347353 = sum of:
    0.0045347353 = product of:
      0.009069471 = sum of:
        0.009069471 = weight(_text_:d in 1255) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009069471 = score(doc=1255,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.10389925 = fieldWeight in 1255, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=1255)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 4(1998) no.4, xx S

0.0022673677 = product of:
  0.0045347353 = sum of:
    0.0045347353 = product of:
      0.009069471 = sum of:
        0.009069471 = weight(_text_:d in 1263) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009069471 = score(doc=1263,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.10389925 = fieldWeight in 1263, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=1263)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

The Internet would not be very useful if communication were limited to textual exchanges between speakers of English located in the United States. Rather, its value lies in its ability to enable people from multiple nations, speaking multiple languages, to employ multiple media in interacting with each other. While computer networks broke through national boundaries long ago, they remain much more effective for textual communication than for exchanges of sound, images, or mixed media -- and more effective for communication in English than for exchanges in most other languages, much less interactions involving multiple languages. Supporting searching and display in multiple languages is an increasingly important issue for all digital libraries accessible on the Internet. Even if a digital library contains materials in only one language, the content needs to be searchable and displayable on computers in countries speaking other languages. We need to exchange data between digital libraries, whether in a single language or in multiple languages. Data exchanges may be large batch updates or interactive hyperlinks. In any of these cases, character sets must be represented in a consistent manner if exchanges are to succeed. Issues of interoperability, portability, and data exchange related to multi-lingual character sets have received surprisingly little attention in the digital library community or in discussions of standards for information infrastructure, except in Europe. The landmark collection of papers on Standards Policy for Information Infrastructure, for example, contains no discussion of multi-lingual issues except for a passing reference to the Unicode standard. The goal of this short essay is to draw attention to the multi-lingual issues involved in designing digital libraries accessible on the Internet. Many of the multi-lingual design issues parallel those of multi-media digital libraries, a topic more familiar to most readers of D-Lib Magazine. This essay draws examples from multi-media DLs to illustrate some of the urgent design challenges in creating a globally distributed network serving people who speak many languages other than English. First we introduce some general issues of medium, culture, and language, then discuss the design challenges in the transition from local to global systems, lastly addressing technical matters. The technical issues involve the choice of character sets to represent languages, similar to the choices made in representing images or sound. However, the scale of the language problem is far greater. Standards for multi-media representation are being adopted fairly rapidly, in parallel with the availability of multi-media content in electronic form. By contrast, we have hundreds (and sometimes thousands) of years worth of textual materials in hundreds of languages, created long before data encoding standards existed. Textual content from past and present is being encoded in language and application-specific representations that are difficult to exchange without losing data -- if they exchange at all. We illustrate the multi-language DL challenge with examples drawn from the research library community, which typically handles collections of materials in 400 or so languages. These are problems faced not only by developers of digital libraries, but by those who develop and manage any communication technology that crosses national or linguistic boundaries.

Source

D-Lib magazine. 3(1997) no.6, xx S

0.0018323096 = product of:
  0.0036646193 = sum of:
    0.0036646193 = product of:
      0.0073292386 = sum of:
        0.0073292386 = weight(_text_:d in 1194) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0073292386 = score(doc=1194,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.08396327 = fieldWeight in 1194, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1194)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 10(2004) no.5, x S

0.0018323096 = product of:
  0.0036646193 = sum of:
    0.0036646193 = product of:
      0.0073292386 = sum of:
        0.0073292386 = weight(_text_:d in 1196) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0073292386 = score(doc=1196,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.08396327 = fieldWeight in 1196, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1196)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 10(2004) no.9, x S

0.0018323096 = product of:
  0.0036646193 = sum of:
    0.0036646193 = product of:
      0.0073292386 = sum of:
        0.0073292386 = weight(_text_:d in 1205) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0073292386 = score(doc=1205,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.08396327 = fieldWeight in 1205, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1205)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 8(2002) no.2, x S

0.0018323096 = product of:
  0.0036646193 = sum of:
    0.0036646193 = product of:
      0.0073292386 = sum of:
        0.0073292386 = weight(_text_:d in 1832) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0073292386 = score(doc=1832,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.08396327 = fieldWeight in 1832, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1832)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

Juliane Stiller, J.: Automatic Solutions to Improve Multilingual Access in Europeana / Vila-Suero, D. and A. Gómez-Pérez: Multilingual Linked Data / Pilos, S.: Automated Translation: Connecting Culture / Karlgren, J.: Big Data, Libraries, and Multilingual New Text / Ziedins, J.: Latvia translates with hugo.lv

0.0016032709 = product of:
  0.0032065418 = sum of:
    0.0032065418 = product of:
      0.0064130835 = sum of:
        0.0064130835 = weight(_text_:d in 1260) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0064130835 = score(doc=1260,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.07346786 = fieldWeight in 1260, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=1260)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 3(1997) no.2, xx S

0.0016032709 = product of:
  0.0032065418 = sum of:
    0.0032065418 = product of:
      0.0064130835 = sum of:
        0.0064130835 = weight(_text_:d in 313) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0064130835 = score(doc=313,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.07346786 = fieldWeight in 313, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=313)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Language

d

0.0013742321 = product of:
  0.0027484642 = sum of:
    0.0027484642 = product of:
      0.0054969285 = sum of:
        0.0054969285 = weight(_text_:d in 1159) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0054969285 = score(doc=1159,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.08729101 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045945734 = queryNorm
            0.06297245 = fieldWeight in 1159, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.899872 = idf(docFreq=17979, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1159)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

D-Lib magazine. 7(2001) no.2, xx S