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Abstract

In this paper we discuss some ethical issues and challenges of the use of algorithms on the web from the perspective of knowledge organization. We review some of the problems that these algorithms and the filter bubbles pose for the users. We contextualize these issues within the user-based approaches to knowledge organization in a larger sense. We review some of the technologies that have been developed to counter these problems as well as initiatives from the knowledge organization field. We conclude with the necessity of adopting a critical and ethical stance towards the use of algorithms on the web and the need for an education in knowledge organization that addresses these issues.

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Abstract

2015 warnte das »DigitalManifest« in »Spektrum der Wissenschaft« vor Verhaltensmanipulation und heraufziehender Datendiktatur. Demokratie und Menschenrechte seien in Gefahr. Es wurde ein neuer Ansatz bei der Digitalisierung gefordert. Wenngleich es auch Fortschritte gab, muss dringend gewarnt werden. Die Gefahr des technologischen Totalitarismus ist keineswegs gebannt. In Zeiten des Klimawandels ist er wahrscheinlicher denn je.

Content

Vgl. auch den Beitrag von D. Helbing et al.: 'Digitale Demokratie statt Datendiktatur: Digital-Manifest' in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2016, H.1, S.50-60.

Date

25.12.2019 14:19:22

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Abstract

Having reached the US Supreme Court in 1997, the Communications Decency Act (1996) has strong implications for Internet service providers. How to protect children while not denying adult rights of access is an issue which has impacted successively upon motion pictures, reading materials, radio, television and cable. The case for freedom of electronic speech appears compelling. The problems of obscenity, encryption (cryptography) and provocative 'cyberspeech' on the Internet offers a field day for litigation

Date

22. 2.1999 15:50:50

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Date

17. 3.2008 15:17:22

Series

Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.10

Source

Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

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Source

Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.106-110

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Abstract

In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Aspekte einer Begründung einer Informationsethik betrachtet. Zunächst wird eine sinnvolle Abgrenzung zu konkurrierenden Ethiken - Netz- und Medienethik - gesucht. Aus Sicht der Generierung, Distribution und Bewahrung von Information wird die Informationsethik als umfassender und allgemeiner als die anderen angesehen. Weiterhin wird die Option einer diskursethischen und damit absoluten Begründung der Informationsethik diskutiert und zugunsten einer pragmatistischen Sichtweise zurückgewiesen.

Date

13.10.2006 10:22:03

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Abstract

The conflict between librarians' ethics and their responsibilities in the process of progressive collection management, which applies the principles of cost accounting to libraries, to call attention to the "bad books" in their collections that are compromised by age, error, abridgement, expurgation, plagiarism, copyright violation, libel, or fraud, is discussed. According to Charles Cutter, notes in catalog records should call attention to the best books but ignore the bad ones. Libraries that can afford to keep their "bad books," however, which often have a valuable second life, must call attention to their intellectual contexts in notes in the catalog records. Michael Bellesiles's Arming America, the most famous case of academic fraud at the turn of the twenty-first century, is used as a test case. Given the bias of content enhancement that automatically pulls content from the Web into library catalogs, catalog notes for "bad books" may be the only way for librarians to uphold their ethical principles regarding collection management while fulfilling their professional responsibilities to their users in calling attention to their "bad books."

Content

Beitrag aus einem Themenheft zu den Proceedings of the 2nd Milwaukee Conference on Ethics in Information Organization, June 15-16, 2012, School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Hope A. Olson, Conference Chair. Vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_39_2012_5_f.pdf.

Date

27. 9.2012 14:22:00

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Abstract

This article introduces a normative principle for the behavior of contemporary computing and communication systems and considers some of its consequences. The principle, named the principle of distribution, says that in a distributed multi-agent system, control resides as much as possible with the individuals constituting the system rather than in centralized agents; and when that is unfeasible or becomes inappropriate due to environmental changes, control evolves upwards from the individuals to an appropriate intermediate level rather than being imposed from above. The setting for the work is the dynamically changing global space resulting from ubiquitous communication. Accordingly, the article begins by determining the characteristics of the distributed multi-agent space it spans. It then fleshes out the principle of distribution, with examples from daily life as well as from Computer Science. The case is made for the principle of distribution to work at various levels of abstraction of system behavior: to inform the high-level discussion that ought to precede the more low-level concerns of technology, protocols, and standardization, but also to facilitate those lower levels. Of the more substantial applications given here of the principle of distribution, a technical example concerns the design of secure ad hoc networks of mobile devices, achievable without any form of centralized authentication or identification but in a solely distributed manner. Here, the context is how the principle can be used to provide new and provably secure protocols for genuinely ubiquitous communication. A second, more managerial example concerns the distributed production and management of open-source software, and a third investigates some pertinent questions involving the dynamic restructuring of control in distributed systems, important in times of disaster or malevolence.

Date

1. 6.2008 12:22:41

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Abstract

Im Rahmen des 3. Leipziger Kongresses für Information und Bibliothek 19.-22. März 2007 hat Bibliothek & Information Deutschland (BID) die im folgenden wiedergegebenen "Ethischen Grundsätze der Bibliotheks- und Informationsberufe" verabschiedet und der Presse und Fachöffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Damit folgt Deutschland den rund 40 Ländern weltweit, die bereits einen "Code of Ethics" veröffentlicht haben. Diese ethischen Richtlinien sind auf der IFLA/FAIFE-Website gesammelt unter www.ifla.org/faife/ethics/codes.htm.

Content

"Ethik und Information - Ethische Grundsätze der Bibliotheks- und Informationsberufe (Stand: 15.3.2007) Bibliothek und Information Deutschland (BID e.V.) ist die Dachorganisation der Bibliotheks- und Informationsverbände in Deutschland. Die in den Mitgliedsverbänden der BID organisierten Beschäftigten in den Bibliotheks- und Informationsberufen richten ihre professionellen Aktivitäten nach ethischen Grundsätzen aus, die Verhaltensstandards bewirken, die Bestandteil des beruflichen Selbstverständnisses werden sollen. Die Beschäftigten in den Bibliotheks- und Informationsberufen engagieren sich nicht beruflich in Organisationen, deren Tätigkeit oder Ziele diesen ethischen Grundsätzen entgegenstehen. Die BID und ihre Mitgliedsverbände und Mitgliedsorganisationen setzen sich im beruflichen Umfeld für das Arbeiten nach diesen ethischen Grundsätzen ein. Das geschieht unter anderem durch laufende Information, durch berufliche Aus- und Fortbildung, durch Kooperation mit verwandten Organisationen und durch die Reaktion in der Öffentlichkeit auf bekannt werdende Verstöße gegen diese Grundsätze. Die Mitglieder der BID machen diese ethischen Grundsätze der Bibliotheks- und Informationsberufe im Berufsstand und in der allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit bekannt.
1. Ethische Grundsätze im Umgang mit Kundinnen und Kunden - Wir begegnen unseren Kundinnen und Kunden im Rahmen unseres Auftrags und unserer rechtlichen Grundlagen ohne Unterschied. Wir stellen für alle Kundinnen und Kunden Dienstleistungen in hoher Qualität bereit. - Wir ermöglichen unseren Kundinnen und Kunden den Zugang zu unseren Beständen und zu den öffentlich verfügbaren Informationsquellen. - Wir informieren und beraten unsere Kundinnen und Kunden sachlich, unparteiisch und höflich und unterstützen sie dabei, ihren Informationsbedarf zu decken. - Wir behandeln unsere Kundinnen und Kunden gleich, unabhängig von ihrer Herkunft, ihrer Hautfarbe, ihrem Alter, ihrer sozialen Stellung, ihrer Religion, ihrem Geschlecht oder ihrer sexuellen Orientierung. - Wir beachten die Prinzipien der Barrierefreiheit. - Wir setzen uns auf der Grundlage des Jugendschutzgesetzes und weiterer gesetzlicher Regelungen für den Schutz von Kindern und Jugendlichen vor Inhalten ein, die nicht für sie geeignet sind. - Wir respektieren die Privatsphäre unserer Kundinnen und Kunden. Wir speichern personenbezogene Daten nur zur Erbringung unserer Dienstleistung und nur im gesetzlichen Rahmen. Anderen Behörden stellen wir Benutzerdaten nur im engen Rahmen der gesetzlichen Vorschriften zur Verfügung. - Wir erfüllen unsere beruflichen Aufgaben nach professionellen Gesichtspunkten unabhängig von unserer persönlichen Meinung und Einstellung.
2. Ethische Grundsätze im weiteren Aufgabenspektrum - Wir setzen uns für die freie Meinungsbildung und für den freien Fluss von Informationen ein sowie für die Existenz von Bibliotheken und Informationseinrichtungen als Garanten des ungehinderten Zugangs zu Informationsressourcen aller Art in unserer demokratischen Gesellschaft. Eine Zensur von Inhalten lehnen wir ab. - Wir bewahren das kulturelle Erbe im Rahmen des Sammelauftrages der Bibliotheken. - Wir unterstützen Wissenschaft und Forschung durch die Bereitstellung von Informationen, Quellen und damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Dienstleistungen. Weiterhin setzen wir uns für die Freiheit von Wissenschaft und Forschung ein. - Wir bekennen uns zum Prinzip des Lebenslangen Lernens - sowohl zur Verbesserung unserer eigenen Kompetenzen als auch zur Unterstützung der Kompetenzerweiterung der Bürgerinnen und Bürger. In diesem Zusammenhang sehen wir uns in einem kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess, um unsere Dienstleistungen für Kundinnen und Kunden laufend optimieren zu können. - Wir bieten Veranstaltungsformen an, die das Lesen und die aktive Nutzung von Informationen fördern, auch in Kooperation mit Partnern. - Unser Verhältnis zu Lieferanten und anderen Geschäftspartnern zeichnet sich durch einen hohen ethischen Standard aus."

Footnote

Vgl. die Wiedergabe der vollständigen Fassung in: Bibliotheksdienst 41(2007) H.7, S.705-707.

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Abstract

Im Rahmen des 3. Leipziger Kongresses für Information und Bibliothek 19.-22. März 2007 hat Bibliothek & Information Deutschland (BID) die im folgenden wiedergegebenen "Ethischen Grundsätze der Bibliotheks- und Informationsberufe" verabschiedet und der Presse und Fachöffentlichkeit vorgestellt. Damit folgt Deutschland den rund 40 Ländern weltweit, die bereits einen "Code of Ethics" veröffentlicht haben. Diese ethischen Richtlinien sind auf der IFLA/FAIFE-Website gesammelt unter www.ifla.org/faife/ethics/codes.htm.

Content

"Ethik und Information - Ethische Grundsätze der Bibliotheks- und Informationsberufe (Stand: 15.3.2007) Bibliothek und Information Deutschland (BID e.V.) ist die Dachorganisation der Bibliotheks- und Informationsverbände in Deutschland. Die in den Mitgliedsverbänden der BID organisierten Beschäftigten in den Bibliotheks- und Informationsberufen richten ihre professionellen Aktivitäten nach ethischen Grundsätzen aus, die Verhaltensstandards bewirken, die Bestandteil des beruflichen Selbstverständnisses werden sollen. Die Beschäftigten in den Bibliotheks- und Informationsberufen engagieren sich nicht beruflich in Organisationen, deren Tätigkeit oder Ziele diesen ethischen Grundsätzen entgegenstehen. Die BID und ihre Mitgliedsverbände und Mitgliedsorganisationen setzen sich im beruflichen Umfeld für das Arbeiten nach diesen ethischen Grundsätzen ein. Das geschieht unter anderem durch laufende Information, durch berufliche Aus- und Fortbildung, durch Kooperation mit verwandten Organisationen und durch die Reaktion in der Öffentlichkeit auf bekannt werdende Verstöße gegen diese Grundsätze. Die Mitglieder der BID machen diese ethischen Grundsätze der Bibliotheks- und Informationsberufe im Berufsstand und in der allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit bekannt.
1. Ethische Grundsätze im Umgang mit Kundinnen und Kunden - Wir begegnen unseren Kundinnen und Kunden im Rahmen unseres Auftrags und unserer rechtlichen Grundlagen ohne Unterschied. Wir stellen für alle Kundinnen und Kunden Dienstleistungen in hoher Qualität bereit. - Wir ermöglichen unseren Kundinnen und Kunden den Zugang zu unseren Beständen und zu den öffentlich verfügbaren Informationsquellen. - Wir informieren und beraten unsere Kundinnen und Kunden sachlich, unparteiisch und höflich und unterstützen sie dabei, ihren Informationsbedarf zu decken. - Wir behandeln unsere Kundinnen und Kunden gleich, unabhängig von ihrer Herkunft, ihrer Hautfarbe, ihrem Alter, ihrer sozialen Stellung, ihrer Religion, ihrem Geschlecht oder ihrer sexuellen Orientierung. - Wir beachten die Prinzipien der Barrierefreiheit. - Wir setzen uns auf der Grundlage des Jugendschutzgesetzes und weiterer gesetzlicher Regelungen für den Schutz von Kindern und Jugendlichen vor Inhalten ein, die nicht für sie geeignet sind. - Wir respektieren die Privatsphäre unserer Kundinnen und Kunden. Wir speichern personenbezogene Daten nur zur Erbringung unserer Dienstleistung und nur im gesetzlichen Rahmen. Anderen Behörden stellen wir Benutzerdaten nur im engen Rahmen der gesetzlichen Vorschriften zur Verfügung. - Wir erfüllen unsere beruflichen Aufgaben nach professionellen Gesichtspunkten unabhängig von unserer persönlichen Meinung und Einstellung.
2. Ethische Grundsätze im weiteren Aufgabenspektrum - Wir setzen uns für die freie Meinungsbildung und für den freien Fluss von Informationen ein sowie für die Existenz von Bibliotheken und Informationseinrichtungen als Garanten des ungehinderten Zugangs zu Informationsressourcen aller Art in unserer demokratischen Gesellschaft. Eine Zensur von Inhalten lehnen wir ab. - Wir bewahren das kulturelle Erbe im Rahmen des Sammelauftrages der Bibliotheken. - Wir unterstützen Wissenschaft und Forschung durch die Bereitstellung von Informationen, Quellen und damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Dienstleistungen. Weiterhin setzen wir uns für die Freiheit von Wissenschaft und Forschung ein. - Wir bekennen uns zum Prinzip des Lebenslangen Lernens - sowohl zur Verbesserung unserer eigenen Kompetenzen als auch zur Unterstützung der Kompetenzerweiterung der Bürgerinnen und Bürger. In diesem Zusammenhang sehen wir uns in einem kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess, um unsere Dienstleistungen für Kundinnen und Kunden laufend optimieren zu können. - Wir bieten Veranstaltungsformen an, die das Lesen und die aktive Nutzung von Informationen fördern, auch in Kooperation mit Partnern. - Unser Verhältnis zu Lieferanten und anderen Geschäftspartnern zeichnet sich durch einen hohen ethischen Standard aus.

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Date

22. 2.1999 15:57:43

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Date

6. 4.1996 13:22:31

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Source

Neue Techniken im Informationswesen - neue Trends in der Ausbildung: Beiträge zur Jubiläumsveranstaltung "10 Jahre Fachhochschule für Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesen in Köln"

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Abstract

Looks at reasons for the renaissance of the ethical dimension in librarianship, including the need to recover the lost vocabulary of ethics in order to resolve issues of value. Considers the complexity and confusion created by automation and the shortcomings of native moral instincts in coping with these: as well as how the increasing numbers of people being employed in professional positions leading to freedom in decision making also reveals the need for guidance from an ethical code

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Abstract

The paper addresses the problem of whether the information profession needs ethical norms or guidelines specifically aimed at situations that may arise during knowledge organisation processes, and, if so, which specific norms should be included in codes of conduct. To explore this issue the following three specific questions are addressed: - Which forms of unethical conduct actually occur in knowledge organisation? - Which specific guidelines are required for promoting ethical practices in knowledge organisation? - To what extent does existing ethical codes make provision for knowledge organization practices? Four categories of unethical conduct in knowledge organisation are identified: - The use of terms with negative connotations - Misrepresentation of the subject - Censorship of "undesirable materials" - Bias in verbal indexing languages, classification schemes, evaluative comments in bibliographic records and subject analysis. Guidelines in codes of conduct should be aimed at encouraging information professionals to avoid these unethical practices. An examination of a number of existing ethical codes for the information profession shows that, although general ethical statements, that can be seen as applicable to knowledge organisation tasks, do occur in these codes, this is by no means a general trend. It is also clear that very few of the codes give explicit attention to knowledge organisation.

Series

Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation; Bd.10

Source

Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

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Abstract

The paper traces the development of the discussion around ethical issues in artificial intelligence, and considers the way in which humans have affected the knowledge bases used in machine learning. The phenomenon of bias or discrimination in machine ethics is seen as inherited from humans, either through the use of biased data or through the semantics inherent in intellectually- built tools sourced by intelligent agents. The kind of biases observed in AI are compared with those identified in the field of knowledge organization, using religious adherents as an example of a community potentially marginalized by bias. A practical demonstration is given of apparent religious prejudice inherited from source material in a large database deployed widely in computational linguistics and automatic indexing. Methods to address the problem of bias are discussed, including the modelling of the moral process on neuroscientific understanding of brain function. The question is posed whether it is possible to model religious belief in a similar way, so that robots of the future may have both an ethical and a religious sense and themselves address the problem of prejudice.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Special Issue: Best papers from NASKO, ISKO-UK, ISKO-France, ISKO-Brazil 2019.

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Abstract

Information technology and information systems built around its artifacts can have powerful effects on individuals, both in their private life and in the workplace. As professionals and users, we should use ethical principles and codes of ethics to avoid and prevent deleterious effects of technology. Infoethics is the application of ethical theories to the development and use of information systems. The principal infoethical issues are privacy, accuracy, property (in particular, the intangible intellectual property), and access. Ethical decisions in the information-related domains are made by identifying the issues involved and applying ethical theories-classified as consequentalist and deontological-in the decision-making process.

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Abstract

The goal of this research is to analyze ethical questions related to the organization of legislative information (bills, laws, and speeches) within the scope of the Brazilian Federal legislature (Chamber of Deputies and Federal Senate). Field research including interviews was used to collect data in order to investigate the development of knowledge representation tools, such as thesauri and taxonomies , and subject indexing for organization of legislative information (bills, legislation, and speeches). The heads of all sectors responsible for the chosen activities were interviewed in person, and the answers were compared to common ethical problems described in knowledge organization (KO) literature. The results, in part, show a lack of clarity on ethical issues in the treatment of legislative information, pointing to ethical dilemmas and identifying problems such as informational directness, misrepresentation, and ambiguity, among others. The indexers in the Brazilian Congress found ambiguity the ethical aspect faced most often in their jobs. The next most frequent issue was professional inefficiency and in third place was a tie between informational directness and lack of cultural warrant. The research also describes solutions used for various ethical dilemmas. It was found that some indexing terms used to describe bills in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies have been subject to censorship and censored, or censurable, indexing terms have to be hidden in metadata so documents can be retrieved by users. It concludes that a greater ethical awareness of technical aspects is needed for Brazilian Federal legislative information professionals.

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