Search (76 results, page 1 of 4)

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Abstract

SFX is an XML-based product designed to inter-link electronic resources with other resources in context-sensitive manner. SFX was first developed at the University of Ghent by Herbert Van de Sompel and has been released as a commercial product by Ex Libris. Use statistics garnered from SFX's statistics module since the implementation in July of 2001 are discussed in the context of an academic research library environment. The results from usability testing conducted at Washington State University are reported. These usage statistics demonstrated a pattern of increasing use and exceptional use from FirstSearch databases.

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Abstract

Under the auspices of the Desire II project, researchers at NetLab and OCLC are providing searching and browsing of a test collection of engineering documents on the Web. The goal of the project is to explore simple methods of automatic classification to provide subject browsing of a robot-generated engineering index. At NetLab the documents are automatically classified and organized using an engineering-specific scheme, the Engineering Index (Ei) Thesaurus and Classification; at OCLC the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), a general knowledge organization scheme, is being used

Object

Engineering Index

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Date

20. 1.2002 18:42:29
20. 1.2002 19:22:10

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Date

22. 7.2000 16:37:12

Source

Dokumente und Datenbanken in elektronischen Netzen: Tagungsberichte vom 6. und 7. Österreichischen Online-Informationstreffen bzw. vom 7. und 8. Österreichischen Dokumentartag, Schloß Seggau, Seggauberg bei Leibnitz, 26.-29. September 1995, Congresszentrum Igls bei Innsbruck, 21.-24. Oktober 1997. Hrsg.: E. Pipp

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Date

29. 1.1997 18:49:05
11. 8.2002 14:22:16

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Content

"Seit kurzem lohnt es sich ganz besonders, Mitglied der Stadtbibliothek Köln zu werden - auch dann, wenn man nicht vorhat, dort Bücher auszuleihen. Für einen Mitgliedsbeitrag von 21 Euro pro Jahr stehen via Internet Recherche-Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung, die Ihresgleichen suchen: Gestern wurde in Köln die neue Digitale Bibliothek" (DigiBib) vorgestellt. Dies ist ein Meilenstein für die öffentlichen Bibliotheken", sagte Stadtbibliothekschef Horst Neißer, und nahm damit den Mund nicht zu voll. Denn dank der Möglichkeiten des Internets und der Digitaltechnik sorgen die Bibliotheken dafür, dass auch ProfiWissen nicht nur den Begüterten dieser Gesellschaft offensteht. Jeder Bürger, so Neißer, erhalte auf Wunsch Informationen, die bisher Fachleuten oder Wissenschaftlern vorbehalten waren. Der besondere Clou: Um zu recherchieren, braucht man gar nicht persönlich in der Bibliothek vorbeizuschauen. "Der Bildschirm auf dem Dorf ist genauso groß wie der Bildschirm in der Großstadt", meinte Ulrich Moeske, Chef der Stadt- und Landesbibliothek Dortmund und Leiter des DigiBib-Prpjektes. Entwickelt würde dieses 1998 vom Hochschulbibliothekszentrum in Köln (HBZ) und der Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld eigentlich zuerst nur für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken und deren Nutzer. Doch Stadt- und Landesbibliothek Dortmund, Stadtbibliothek Köln und die Düsseldorfer Stadtbüchereien waren von dem Ergebnis so begeistert, dass sie das Land überzeugen konnten, 5op ooo Mark für ein Pilotprojekt bereit,zu stellen, um die Anbindung-an öffentliche Bibliotheken zu überprüfen. Gestern wurde das Projekt offiziell abgeschlossen und steht damit den Nutzern zur Verfügung. Mit der DigiBib kann jeder recherchieren. Die Metasuche erlaubt zur Zeit unter einer Oberfläche die Suche in 72 Datenbanken und Katalogen wobei das Angebot den aktuellen Bedürfnissen angepasst wird. Das Besondere: Auch Inhalte von kostenpflichtigen professionellen DatenbankAnbietern wie GBI (VolltextPressedatenbank)" Genios (Wirtschafts- und Pressedatenbanken) oder LexisNexis stehen den Mitgliedern der Bibliothek online zur Verfügung. Außerdem finden sich auf den Seiten Links zu ausgewählten Quellen im Internet, die überprüftes Qualitätswissen liefern. "Es ist eine Bibliothek, die niemals schließt", verkündet Stadtbücherei-Chef Neißer stolz. Und wie funktioniert das Ganze? Mitglieder geben ihr Passwort und eine Kennung ein und erhalten danach Zugang zum DigiBib-Angebot. Man gibt anschließend einen Titel oder ein Schlagwort ein und klickt die Quellen an, in denen gesucht werden soll. Danach erhält man eine Liste mit den Ergebnissen. Entweder gibt es Hinweise darauf, in welcher Bibliothek die Bücher zu finden sind, manchmal stehen sogar Volltexte zum Download zur Verfügung. Man kann außerdem per Verfügbarkeitsrecherche feststellen, ob ein Buch gerade ausgeliehen ist. Wer ein Werk per Fernleihe bestellen möchte, kann das ebenfalls bequem vom heimischen PC aus tun. Das Buch kann dann bei der Bibliothek abgeholt werden. Wer die DigiBib nutzen will, muss sich hierzulande einmal persönlich mit dem Personalausweis bei der Stadtbücherei 'in Köln anmelden. Doch bald werden auch andere Bibliotheken den Dienst anbieten, darunter auch kleine und mittlere Häuser, die ans System angeschlossen werden wollen. Derzeit liegen 81 Anträge, nicht nur aus NRW, soridern sogar aus Bayern, vor. Sind die Bibliotheken einmal angeschlossen, kann sich der Kunde über deren j eweili-. ge Homepage ins System einwählen. Es ist auch möglich, dass mehrere kleine Bibliotheken im Verbundsystem ins Netz gehen und den gemeinsamen Zugriff auf ihre Bestände ermöglichen."

Date

3. 5.1997 8:44:22

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Abstract

By Internet resources Zhang means any electronic file accessible by any Internet protocol. Their usage is determined by an examination of the citations to such sources in a nine-year sample of four print and four electronic LIS journals, by a survey of editors of these journals, and by a survey of scholars with "in press" papers in these journals. Citations were gathered from Social Science Citation Index and manually classed as e-sources by the format used. All authors with "in press" papers were asked about their use and opinion of Internet sources and for any suggestions for improvement. Use of electronic sources is heavy and access is very high. Access and ability explain most usage while satisfaction was not significant. Citation of e-journals increases over the eight years. Authors report under citation of e-journals in favor of print equivalents. Traditional reasons are given for citing and not citing, but additional reasons are also present for e-journals.

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Abstract

As more people gain at-home access to the Internet, information seeking an the Web has become embedded in everyday life. The objective of this study was to characterize the home as an information use environment and to identify a range of information seeking and Websearch behaviors at home. Twelve Northern California residents were recruited, and the data were collected through semi-structured at-home interviews based an a self-reported Search Activities Diary that subjects kept over a 3-5 day period. The data were analyzed an four levels: home environment, information seeking goals, information retrieval interaction, and search query. Eindings indicated that the home, indeed, provided a distinct information use environment beyond physical setting alone in which the subjects used the Web for diverse purposes and interests. Based an the findings, the relationships among home environment, Web context, and interaction situation were identified with respect to user goals and information-seeking behaviors.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.12, S.1709-1710 (Y. Awazu): "This hook presents a collection of research studies on the creation, use, and deployment of digital information. According to the editors, the goal of the book is "to present results of scientific research on (I) how digital information has to be designed, (2) how artifacts or systems containing digital content should maximize usability, and (3) how context can influence the nature and efficiency of digital communication" (p. 2). Contributors to this volume have a wide assortment of backgrounds in information science, classical studies, cognitive science, information systems, and organizational sciences. The editors did an excellent job in designing the book. Each chapter is unique in its theory and method. The editors successfully put these unique chapters into the life-cycle view of information: creation, use, and deployment. . . . I would highly recommend this book as a supplementary text for graduate classes in information science, especially those dealing with the design of information systems. It was a pleasure to read this book, and I believe that readers will certainly gain from the wealth of knowledge and insights contained in the volume."

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Abstract

Die Rolle der Bibliotheken im Prozess wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation seit Beginn der Neuzeit wird untersucht. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt dabei den kommunikativen Leitmedien und ihrer Stellung in der jeweils dominierenden Kommunikationskultur. Die konkreten Modifikationen bibliothekarischer Funktionalität unter dem Einfluss medialer Technik, steigenden Informationsvolumens bzw. sich beschleunigender Kommunikation und Produktion wird beleuchtet. Anschließend werden, eingedenk der Vorgeschichte, mögliche Entwicklungslinien wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation in der Informationsgesellschaft skizziert. Im digitalen und telekommunikativ vernetzen Umfeld ist wissenschaftliche Kommunikation auf Institutionen angewiesen, die spezifisches und leistungsfähiges Informations- und Wissensmanagement ermöglichen. Ein System funktional differenzierter und geographisch segmentierter Wissenschaftsportale, das aus den vorhandenen bibliothekarischen Systemstrukturen entwickelt werden kann, wäre in der Lage, diesen Bedarf erfüllen.

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Abstract

In this study, we attempt to evaluate the performance of the World Wide Web as an information resource in the domain of international travel. The theoretical framework underpinning our approach recognizes the contribution of models of information seeking behavior and of information systems in explaining World Wide Web usage as an information resource. Specifically, a model integrating the construct of uncertainty in information seeking and the task-technology fit model is presented. To test the integrated model, 217 travelers participated in a questionnaire-based empirical study. Our results confirm that richer (or enhanced) models are required to evaluate the broad context of World Wide Web (the Web) usage as an information resource. Use of the Web for travel tasks, for uncertainty reduction, as an information resource, and for mediation all have a significant impact an users' perception of performance, explaining 46% of the variance. Additionally, our study contributes to the testing and validation of metrics for use of the Web as an information resource in a specific domain.

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Abstract

Reading is a common everyday activity for most of us. In this article, we examine the potential for using Wikipedia to fill in the gaps in one's own knowledge that may be encountered while reading. If gaps are encountered frequently while reading, then this may detract from the reader's final understanding of the given document. Our goal is to increase access to explanatory text for readers by retrieving a single Wikipedia article that is related to a text passage that has been highlighted. This approach differs from traditional search methods where the users formulate search queries and review lists of possibly relevant results. This explicit search activity can be disruptive to reading. Our approach is to minimize the user interaction involved in finding related information by removing explicit query formulation and providing a single relevant result. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, we first examined the effectiveness of three contextual algorithms for retrieval. To evaluate the effectiveness for readers, we then developed a functional prototype that uses the text of the abstract being read as context and retrieves a single relevant Wikipedia article in response to a passage the user has highlighted. We conducted a small user study where participants were allowed to use the prototype while reading abstracts. The results from this initial study indicate that users found the prototype easy to use and that using the prototype significantly improved their stated understanding and confidence in that understanding of the academic abstracts they read.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.11, S.1237-1238 (E. Yakel): "This book provides the profession with a cogent, thorough, and thoughtful introduction to digital reference. Janes not only provides the breadth of coverage expected in an introduction, but also depth into this important topic. Janes' approach is managerial or administrative, providing guidelines for reference work that can be applied in different settings. Janes creates a decision-making framework to help reference librarians make decisions concerning how, to what extent, and in what cases digital reference services will be delivered. In this way, Janes avoids dictating a "one-size-fits-all" model. This approach is the major strength of the book. Library administrators and heads of reference services will find the administrative approach welcome by helping them think through which digital reference policies and methods will best target core constituencies and their institutional environments. However, the book deserves a broader audience as professors will find that the book fits nicely in a general reference course. For all readers, the book is readable and engaging and also challenging and questioning. The book begins with a history of reference work, nicely positioning digital reference in this tradition and noting the changes wrought by the digital age. By doing this, the author establishes both continuity and change in reference work as well as the values surrounding this activity. These values are largely those from the library community and Support people's access to information as well as activities that support the use of information. Janes closes this chapter by noting that the continuing changes in demographics, technology, and connectivity will impact reference work in ways that are not yet imaginable. This introduction sets the tone for the rest of the book. Janes defines digital reference service as "the use of digital technologies and resources to provide direct, professional assistance to people who are seeking information, wherever and whenever they need it" (p. 29). This definition covers a lot of ground. Examples include everything from a public library answering email queries to commercial ask-an-expert services. While the primary audience is librarians, Janes continually reminds readers that many others perform reference activities an the World Wide Web. Furthermore, he cautions readers that there are larger forces shaping this activity in the world that need to acknowledged. In building a framework for decision-making, Janes outlines the types of digital reference service. This discussion covers the communieations modes, such as e-mail, chat, Web forms, etc. It also analyzes the modalities by which reference service is delivered: synchronous/ asynchronous. Using these two dimensions (communication method and synchronous/asynchronous), Janes presents the variety of contexts in which digital reference can take place and then outlines the strengths and weaknesses of each of these. This translates into a decision-making framework by which readers analyze their particular setting and then select the modes and modalities that world be most effective. This is a powerful device and demonstrates the many options (and perhaps also the obstacles) for providing digital reference service.
The discussion of modes for digital reference world be incomplete without focusing an the technologies that support this activity. E-mail, Web forms, chat, instant messaging, and videoconferencing, as well as the call center based software, are now being adapted for use in libraries. The book discusses the technologies currently available and an the horizon to support digital reference services. While these sections of the book may not age well, they will provide us with a historical glimpse of the nascent development of such tools and how they were used at the beginning of the digital reference age. True to the emphasis an decision-making, the chapter an technology includes a list of functions that reference librarians world want in software to support digital reference. While no current applications have all of these features, this list provides librarians with some ideas concerning possible features that can be prioritized to aid in a selection process. Despite the emphasis an technology, Janes contextualizes this discussion with several significant issues relating to its implementation. These include everything from infrastructure, collaborative service standards, service design, user authentication, and user expectations. The sections an collaborative service models and service design are particularly interesting since they are both in their infancy. Readers wanting an answer or the "best" design of either institutional or collaborative digital reference service will be disappointed. However, raising these considerations is important and Janes points out how crucial these issues will be as online reference service matures. User authentication in the context of reference service is especially tricky since tensions can emerge between license agreements and the range of people who may or may not be covered by these contracts querying reference librarians. Finally, no discussion of digital reference is complete without a discussion of the possibility of 24/7 reference service and the ensuing user expectations. While Janes has no answers to the dilemmas these raise, he does alert libraries providing digital reference services to some of the realities. One is that libraries will get a broader range of questions, which could impact staff time, collection development to support these questions, and necessitate either a confirmation of priorities or a reprioritization of activities. Another reality is that the users of digital reference services may never have partaken of their services before. In fact, for libraries funded to serve a particular constituency (public libraries, academic libraries) this influx of users raises questions about levels of service, funding, and policy. Finally, in keeping with the underlying theme of values that pervades the book, Janes points out the deeper issues related to technology such as increasing ability to track users an the web. While he realizes that anonymous information about those who ask reference questions world provide reference librarians with a great deal of information to hone services and better serve constituencies, he is well aware of the dangers involved in collectiog patron information in electronic form.

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Content

"Wer im Jahr 2003 in seinen Lieblingsthemen detailliert informiert sein möchte, klappert täglich Dutzende von News-Sites und Webmagazinen ab. Ein Unterfangen, das mitunter recht mühselig sein kann: Neben, über und unter den gewünschten Nachrichten quälen sich bei jedem Aufruf Menüleisten, Banner und Grafiken durch die Leitung, und oft genug wurde die Seite seit seinem vergangenen Besuch nicht einmal aktualisiert. RSS-Clients, auch Feedreader genannt, könnten künftig Surfern die zeitaufwendige Handarbeit abnehmen. Das Prinzip ist denkbar einfach: Die Betreiber von Webangeboten stellen - neben den HTML-Seiten, die übliche Browser benötigen - einen so genannten Newsfeed zur Verfügung. Genau genommen handelt es sich dabei um nichts Weiteres. als eine speziell kodierte Textdatei mit berschriften, Zusammenfassungen und Textausschnitten der jeweils jüngsten Meldungen. Der Feedreader dreht in regelmäßigen Abständen seine Runden, holt diese Dateien und - wieder daheim - präsentiert die enthaltenen Informationen übersichtlich lesbar. Erst ein Klick auf eine Überschrift lädt den entsprechenden Originalartikel schließlich in den Webbrowser. Statt sich der Reizüberflutung auf Dutzenden, unterschiedlich gestylten Websites auszusetzen, genügt so ein Blick auf die systematisch geordneten Texteinträge im Fenster des Feedreaders, um zu entscheiden, welche Beiträge einer genaueren Betrachtung würdig sind und welche nicht. Diese Sammel-und-Zeige-Programme gibt es mittlerweile in vielen Geschmacksrichtungen und für nahezu jedes Betriebssystem (siehe "Feedreade"). Der Haken: Die Betreiber der Webangebote müssen den Dienst unterstützen und die nötigen RSS-Dateien zur Verfügung stellen. Da sich die meisten News-Magazine allerdings mit Bannerwerbung finanzieren, standen ihre Herausgeber dieser Verbreitung ihrer Texte bisher skeptisch gegenüber. Doch langsam denken viele um: Immerhin kann das System Besucher anlocken. Und nicht irgendwelche. Die Leser sind ausgesprochen interessiert und motiviert, da sie sich explizit für ein bestimmtes Angebot entschieden haben - und nicht zufällig oder unter Zeitdruck durch die einzelnen Seiten stolpern. Spätestens seit mit Yahoo einer der großen Anbieter seine aktuellen Meldungen als Newsfeed verbreitet, darf man davon ausgehen, dass etliche Mitbewerber folgen werden. So könnte die praktische Technologie in absehbarer Zeit zum nützlichen Alltagswerkzeug werden. Bis das soweit ist, übernehmen spezialisierte Dienste den Job des Mittlers zwischen den Welten: Unter NewsIsFree.com kann sich jeder User seine individuelle Auswahl an RSSFeeds zusammenstellen. Sollte das betreffende Internet-Angebot die Technik noch nicht unterstützen, wird einfach kurzerhand der notwendige Feed extern generiert - ob es dem Betreiber nun passt oder nicht. Der Service ist in der Basis-Version kostenlos. RSS steht für "Rich Site Summary". Doch zuletzt werden die drei Buchstaben häufiger als Akronym für "Really Simple Syndication" eingesetzt. Die Idee geht zurück auf das Jahr 1999, als das mittlerweile beinahe verblichene Unternehmen Netscape mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens die Popularität seines Portals MyNetscape.com erhöhen wollte. Der Durchbruch kam mit der Verbreitung der Weblogs. Angeregt durch die Integration des RSS-Standards in das beliebte Blog-Tool Radio Userland, übernahmen die Hersteller anderer Publishing-Systeme schnell diese Strategie, und heute kommt kaum noch ein Online-Journal ohne eigenen Newsfeed aus - erkennbar am kleinen XML-Button auf der Startseite.

Date

26. 9.2003 12:42:22

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Abstract

Die Wikipedia ist ein internationales Projekt mit dem Ziel, eine freie Internet-Enzyklopädie zu erstellen. Alle ihre Artikel werden in einem Wiki-System verwaltet, das auf Servern der Wikimedia-Foundation gehostet wird. Sie wird allein mit Hilfe von Spendengelder und der Arbeit von mehreren Tausend Freiwilligen weltweit betrieben. Ursprünglich im Januar 2001 als englischsprachiges Projekt gegründet existieren inzwischen Ableger in mehr als 80 Sprachen. Die deutschsprachige Wikipedia ist nach der englischen die umfangreichste.

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Abstract

The Wikipedia is a collaborative encyclopedia: anyone can contribute to its articles simply by clicking on an "edit'' button. The open nature of the Wikipedia has been key to its success, but has a flip side: if anyone can edit, how can readers know whether to trust its content? To help answer this question, we have developed a reputation system for Wikipedia authors, and a trust system for Wikipedia text. Authors gain reputation when their contributions are long-lived, and they lose reputation when their contributions are undone in short order. Each word in the Wikipedia is assigned a value of trust that depends on the reputation of its author, as well as on the reputation of the authors that subsequently revised the text where the word appears. To validate our algorithms, we show that reputation and trust have good predictive value: higher-reputation authors are more likely to give lasting contributions, and higher-trust text is less likely to be edited. The trust can be visualized via an intuitive coloring of the text background. The coloring provides an effective way of spotting attempts to tamper with Wikipedia information. A trust-colored version of the entire English Wikipedia can be browsed at http://trust.cse.ucsc.edu/

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Date

12. 5.2001 20:21:29

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Date

17. 7.1996 9:33:22

Source

Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.196 vom 23.8.2003, S.29