-
Dooley, J.M.: Subject indexing in context : subject cataloging of MARC AMC format archical records (1992)
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- Abstract
- Integration of archival materials catalogued in the USMARC AMC format into online catalogues has given a new urgency to the need for direct subject access. Offers a broad definition of the concepts to be considered under the subject access heading, including not only topical subjects but also proper names, forms of material, time periods, geographic places, occupations, and functions. It is both necessary and possible to provide more consistent subject access to archives and manuscripts than currently is being achieved. Describes current efforts that are under way in the profession to address this need
- Source
- American archivist. 55(1992), S.344-354
-
Wilkinson, C.L.: Intellectual level as a search enhancement in the online environment : summation and implications (1990)
0.00
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- Abstract
- This paper summarizes the papers presented by the members of the panel on "The Concept of Intellectual Level in Cataloging and Classification." The implication of adding intellectual level to the MARC record and creating intellectual level indexes in online catalogs are discussed. Conclusion is reached that providing intellectual level will not only be costly but may perhaps even be a disservice to library users.
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 11(1990) no.1, S.89-97
-
Svenonius, E.; McGarry, D.: Objectivity in evaluating subject heading assignment (1993)
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- Abstract
- Recent papers have called attention to discrepancies in the assignment of LCSH. While philosophical arguments can be made that subject analysis, if not a logical impossibility, at least is point-of-view dependent, subject headings continue to be assigned and continue to be useful. The hypothesis advanced in the present project is that to a considerable degree there is a clear-cut right and wrong to LCSH subject heading assignment. To test the hypothesis, it was postulated that the assignment of a subject heading is correct if it is supported by textual warrant (at least 20% of the book being cataloged is on the topic) and is constructed in accordance with the LoC Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings. A sample of 100 books on scientific subjects was used to test the hypothesis
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 16(1993) no.2, S.5-40
-
Solomon, P.: Access to fiction for children : a user-based assessment of options and opportunities (1997)
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- Abstract
- Reports on a study of children's intentions, purposes, search terms, strategies, successes and breakdowns in accessing fiction. Data was gathered using naturalistic methods of persistent, intensive observation and questioning with children in several school library media centres in the USA, including 997 OPAC transactions. Analyzes the data and highlights aspects of the broader context of the system which may help in development of mechanisms for electronic access
- Source
- Information services and use. 17(1997) nos.2/3, S.139-146
-
Chu, C.M.; O'Brien, A.: Subject analysis : the critical first stage in indexing (1993)
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- Abstract
- Studies of indexing neglect the first stage of the process, that is, subject analysis. In this study, novice indexers were asked to analyse three short, popular journal articles; to express the general subject as well as the primary and secondary topics in natural laguage statements; to state what influenced the analysis and to comment on the ease or difficulty of this process. The factors which influenced the process were: the subject discipline concerned, factual vs. subjective nature of the text, complexity of the subject, clarity of text, possible support offered by bibliographic apparatus such as title, etc. The findings showed that with the social science and science texts, the general subject could be determined with ease, while this was more difficult with the humanities text. Clear evidence emerged of the importance of bibliographical apparatus in defining the general subject. There was varying difficulty in determining the primary and secondarx topics
- Source
- Journal of information science. 19(1993), S.439-454
-
Molina, M.P.: Interdisciplinary approaches to the concept and practice of written documentary content analysis (WTDCA) (1994)
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- Abstract
- Content analysis, restricted within the limits of written textual documents (WTDCA), is a field which is greatly in need of extensive interdisciplinary research. This would clarify certain concepts, especially those concerned with 'text', as a new central nucleus of semiotic research, and 'content', or the informative power of text. The objective reality (syntax) of the written document should be, in the cognitve process that all content analysis entails, interpreted (semantically and pragmatically) in an intersubjective manner with regard to the context, the analyst's knowledge base and the documentary objectives. The contributions of sociolinguistics (textual), logic (formal) and psychology (cognitive) are fundamental to the conduct of these activities. The criteria used to validate the results obtained complete the necessary conceptual reference panorama
- Source
- Journal of documentation. 50(1994) no.2, S.111-133
-
Jörgensen, C.: ¬The applicability of selected classification systems to image attributes (1996)
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- Abstract
- Recent research investigated image attributes as reported by participants in describing, sorting, and searching tasks with images and defined 46 specific image attributes which were then organized into 12 major classes. Attributes were also grouped as being 'perceptual' (directly stimulated by visual percepts), 'interpretive' (requiring inference from visual percepts), and 'reactive' (cognitive and affective responses to the images). This research describes the coverage of two image indexing and classification systems and one general classification system in relation to the previous findings and analyzes the extent to which components of these systems are capable of describing the range of image attributes as revealed by the previous research
- Pages
- S.189-197
- Series
- Advances in knowledge organization; vol.5
-
Tibbo, H.R.: Abstracting across the disciplines : a content analysis of abstracts for the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities with implications for abstracting standards and online information retrieval (1992)
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- Abstract
- Reports on a comparison of the "content categories" listed in the ANSI/ISO abstracting standards to actual content found in abstracts from the sciences, social sciences, and the humanities. The preliminary findings question the fundamental concept underlying these standards, namely, that any one set of standards and generalized instructions can describe and elicit the optimal configuration for abstracts from all subject areas
- Source
- Library and information science research. 14(1992) no.1, S.31-56
-
Farrow, J.: All in the mind : concept analysis in indexing (1995)
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- Source
- Indexer. 19(1995) no.4, S.243-247
-
Berinstein, P.: Moving multimedia : the information value in images (1997)
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- Abstract
- Considers the role of pictures in information communication, comparing the way it conveys information with text. Categorises the purposes of images as conveyors of information: the instructional image, the documentary image, the location image, the graphical representation of numbers, the concepts image, the image making the unseen visible, the image as a surrogate for an object or document, the decorative image, the image as a statement, the strong image and the emotional image. Gives examples of how the value of images is being recognised and of how they can be used well
- Source
- Searcher. 5(1997) no.8, S.40-49
-
Roberts, C.W.; Popping, R.: Computer-supported content analysis : some recent developments (1993)
0.00
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- Abstract
- Presents an overview of some recent developments in the clause-based content analysis of linguistic data. Introduces network analysis of evaluative texts, for the analysis of cognitive maps, and linguistic content analysis. Focuses on the types of substantive inferences afforded by the three approaches
- Source
- Social science computer review. 11(1993) no.3, S.283-291
-
Ornager, S.: View a picture : theoretical image analysis and empirical user studies on indexing and retrieval (1996)
0.00
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- Abstract
- Examines Panofsky's and Barthes's theories of image analysis and reports on a study of criteria for analysis and indexing of images and the different types of user queries used in 15 Danish newspaper image archives. A structured interview method and observation and various categories for subject analysis were used. The results identify a list of the minimum number of elements and led to user typology of 5 categories. The requirement for retrieval may involve combining images in a more visual way with text-based image retrieval
- Source
- Svensk biblioteks forskning. 1996, nos.2/3, S.31-41
-
Hjoerland, B.: ¬The concept of 'subject' in information science (1992)
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- Abstract
- This article presents a theoretical investigation of the concept of 'subject' or 'subject matter' in library and information science. Most conceptions of 'subject' in the literature are not explicit but implicit. Various indexing and classification theories, including automatic indexing and citation indexing, have their own more or less implicit concepts of subject. This fact puts the emphasis on making the implicit theorie of 'subject matter' explicit as the first step. ... The different conceptions of 'subject' can therefore be classified into epistemological positions, e.g. 'subjective idealism' (or the empiric/positivistic viewpoint), 'objective idealism' (the rationalistic viewpoint), 'pragmatism' and 'materialism/realism'. The third and final step is to propose a new theory of subject matter based on an explicit theory of knowledge. In this article this is done from the point of view of a realistic/materialistic epistemology. From this standpoint the subject of a document is defined as the epistemological potentials of that document
- Source
- Journal of documentation. 48(1992), S.172-200
-
Andersson, R.; Holst, E.: Indexes and other depictions of fictions : a new model for analysis empirically tested (1996)
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- Abstract
- In this study descriptions of a novel by 100 users at 2 Swedish public libraries, Malmö and Molndal, Mar-Apr 95, were compared to the index terms used for the novels at these libraries. Describes previous systems for fiction indexing, the 2 libraries, and the users interviewed. Compares the AMP system with their own model. The latter operates with terms under the headings phenomena, frame and author's intention. The similarities between the users' and indexers' descriptions were sufficiently close to make it possible to retrieve fiction in accordance with users' wishes in Molndal, and would have been in Malmö, had more books been indexed with more terms. Sometimes the similarities were close enough for users to retrieve fiction on their own
- Source
- Svensk biblioteks forskning. 1996, nos.2/3, S.77-95
-
Ahmad, N.: Newspaper indexing : an international overview (1991)
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- Abstract
- Comprehensiveness and consistency in newspaper indexing depend on the effectiveness of subject analysis of the news items. Discusses indexing skills required in order to identify indexable concepts. Describes practical aspects of conceptual analysis, crystalises criteria and methods for the indexing of news stories, and eludicates reasons form providing multiple subject-entries for certain news items. Suggests rules for news analysis and speedy and accurate allocation of subject headings, and illustrates the technique of dealing with complex and diversified news headings reported at intervals. As the headlines do not always indicate the real subject of a news story, the identification of indexable concepts can become arduous and cumbersome. Discusses the methods, skills and capability needed to tackle such problems
- Source
- Indexer. 17(1991) no.4, S.257-266
-
Bednarek, M.: Intellectual access to pictorial information (1993)
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- Abstract
- Visual materials represent a significantly different type of communication to textual materials and therefore present distinct challenges for the process of retrieval, especially if by retireval we mean intellectual access to the content of images. This paper outlines the special characteristics of visual materials, focusing on their pontential complexity and subjectivity, and the methods used and explored for gaining access to visual materials as reported in the literature. It concludes that methods of access to visual materials are dominated by the relative mature systems developed for textual materials and that access methods based on visual communication are still largely in the developmental or prototype stage. Although reported research on user requirements in the retrieval of visual information is noticeably lacking, the results of at least one study indicate that the visually-based retrieval methods of structured and unstructered browsing seem to be preferred for visula materials and that effective retrieval methods are ultimately related to characteristics of the enquirer and the visual information sought
- Source
- Australian library journal. 42(1993) no.1, S.33-46
-
Bertrand-Gastaldy, S.B.: Convergent theories : using a multidisciplinary approach to expalin indexing results (1995)
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- Abstract
- In order to explain how indexers chose their keywords and how their results can differ between each other, focuses on certain properties of the terms rather than on the terms themselves. Bases the study on 4 premises borrowed from research in semiotics, cognitive science, discourse analysis and reading theories. Reports on the methodology used, and some of the findings obtained by comparing properties of indexing terms with the content of titles and abstracts of 844 bibliographic records extracted from a database on environment. Characterizes some tendencies of the special reading which indexing constitutes as a series of properties of the selected or rejected works and explains the differences among several indexers by the porperties toward which they are inclined
- Pages
- S.56-60
- Source
- Forging new partnerships in information: converging technologies. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, ASIS'95, Chicago, IL, 9-12 October 1995. Ed.: T. Kinney
-
Green, R.: ¬The role of relational structures in indexing for the humanities (1997)
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- Abstract
- The paper is divided into 3 parts. The 1st develops a framework for evaluating the indexing needs of the humanities with reference to 4 sets of contrasts: user (need)-oriented vs. document-oriented indexing; subject indexing vs. attribute indexing; scientific writing vs. humanistic writing; and topical relevance vs. logical relevance vs. evidential relevance vs. aesthetic relevance. The indexing needs for the humanities range broadly across these contrasts. The 2nd part establishes the centrality of relationships to the communication of indexable matter and examines the advantages and disadvantages of means used for their expression inboth natural languages and indexing languages. The use of relational structure, such as a frame, is shown to represent perhaps the best available option. The 3rd part illustrates where the use of relational structures in humanities indexing would help meet some of the needs previously identified. Although not a panacea, the adoption of frame-based indexing in the humanities might substantially improve the retrieval of its literature
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 24(1997) no.2, S.72-83
-
Todd, R.J.: Subject access: what's it all about? : some research findings (1993)
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- Abstract
- Describes some findings of research conducted into activities related to the process of deciding subjects of documents which sought to identify the goals and intentions of indexers in determining subjects; specific strategies and prescriptions indexers actually use to determine subjects; and some of the variables which impact on the process of determining subjects
- Source
- Cataloguing Australia. 19(1993) nos. 3/4, S.259-267
-
Amac, T.: Linguistic context analysis : a new approach to communication evaluation (1997)
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- Abstract
- Argues that the integration of computational psycholinguistics can improve corporate communication, and thus become a new strategic tool. An electronic dictionary was created of basic, neutral and negative connotations for nouns, verbs and adjectives appearing in press releases and other communication media, which can be updated with client specific words. The focus on negative messages has the objective of detecting who, why and how publics are criticized, to learn from the vocabulary of opinion leaders and to improve issues management proactively. Suggests a new form of analysis called 'computational linguistic context analysis' (CLCA) by analyzing nominal groups of negative words, rather than monitoring content analysis in the traditional way. Concludes that CLCA can be used to analyze large quantities of press cuttings about a company and could, theoretically, be used to analyze the structure, language and style of a particular journalist to whom it is planned to send a press release or article
- Source
- Corporate communications: an international journal. 2(1997) no.4, S.155-160
