Search (59 results, page 1 of 3)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Information world review. 1999, no.146, S.26 (D. Parr)

LCSH

World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)
Internet (Computer network)

Subject

World Wide Web (Information retrieval system)
Internet (Computer network)

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Abstract

Creates an open, metadata aware system for distributed, collaborative WWW indexing. The system has 3 main components: a harvester (for collecting information), a database (for making the collection searchable), and a user interface (for making the information available). all components can be distributed across networked computers, thus supporting scalability. The system is metadata aware and thus allows searches on several fields including title, document author and URL. Nordic Web Index (NWI) is an application using this system to create a regional Nordic Web-indexing service. NWI is built using 5 collaborating service points within the Nordic countries. The NWI databases can be used to build additional services

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Footnote

Contribution to a special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, held 14-18 April 1998, Brisbane, Australia

Object

Nordic Web Index

Source

Computer networks and ISDN systems. 30(1998) nos.1/7, S.149-159

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Abstract

The Internet can be a valuable tool allowing distance learners to access information not available locally. Search engines are the most common means of locating relevant information an the Internet, but to use them efficiently students should be taught the basics of searching and how to evaluate the results. This article briefly reviews how Search engines work, studies comparing Search engines, and criteria useful in evaluating the quality of returned Web pages. Research indicates there are statistical differences in the precision of Search engines, with AltaVista ranking high in several studies. When evaluating the quality of Web pages, standard criteria used in evaluating print resources is appropriate, as well as additional criteria which relate to the Web site itself. Giving distance learners training in how to use Search engines and how to evaluate the results will allow them to access relevant information efficiently while ensuring that it is of adequate quality.

Theme

Computer Based Training

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Abstract

Surfing the World Wide Web used to be cool, dude, real cool. But things have gotten hot - so hot that finding something useful an the Web is no longer cool. It is suffocating Web searchers in the smoke and debris of mountain-sized lists of hits, decisions about which search engines they should use, whether they will get lost in the dizzying maze of a subject directory, use the right syntax for the search engine at hand, enter keywords that are likely to retrieve hits an the topics they have in mind, or enlist a browser that has sufficient functionality to display the most promising hits. When it comes to Web searching, in a few short years we have gone from the cool image of surfing the Web into the frying pan of searching the Web. We can turn down the heat by rethinking what Web searchers are doing and introduce some order into the chaos. Web search strategies that are tool-based-oriented to specific Web searching tools such as search en gines, subject directories, and meta search engines-have been widely promoted, and these strategies are just not working. It is time to dissect what Web searching tools expect from searchers and adjust our search strategies to these new tools. This discussion offers Web searchers help in the form of search strategies that are based an strategies that librarians have been using for a long time to search commercial information retrieval systems like Dialog, NEXIS, Wilsonline, FirstSearch, and Data-Star.

Content

"Web searching is different from searching commercial IR systems. We can learn from search strategies recommended for searching IR systems, but most won't be effective for Web searching. Web searchers need strate gies that let search engines do the job they were designed to do. This article presents six new Web searching strategies that do just that."

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05

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Abstract

Aufgabe des Wissensmanagements ist es, den Mitarbeitern im Unternehmen entscheidungs- und handlungsrelevante Informationen bereitzustellen und die Mitarbeiter bei der intelligenten Verarbeitung dieser Informationen zu unterstützen. Ein hierzu genutztes Werkzeug von wachsender Bedeutung sind Unternehmensportale. Wir beschreiben kurz die Entwicklung von Portalen im World Wide Web (WWW), um dann Web-Portale von verschiedenen Arten von Unternehmensportalen abzugrenzen. Wir zeigen erwartete Funktionalitäten auf und stellen ein 5-Schichten Modell einer Gesamtarchitektur für Portale dar, welche die wesentlichen Komponenten umfasst. Im Anschluss werden die Besonderheiten der organisatorischen Realisierung und im Ausblick der Übergang von Portalen zum ,ubiquitous personalized information supply", der überall verfügbaren und individuellen Informationsversorgung behandelt

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Content

Der jüngste Fall der New York Times zeigt: Geotargeting ermöglicht Zensur. Das hat das Blatt selbst erkannt und wiegelt ab. "Jeder Fall muss einzeln geprüft werden", sagt George Freeman, Vizepräsident des Verlags. Großbritannien sei ein Land, das die Pressefreiheit achte, und sein Haus wolle die Rechte eines solchen Landes respektieren. Unklar ist, wessen Rechte die New York Times zukünftig achten will. Wie verhielte sich das US-Blatt, wenn manche Staaten, etwa die Volksrepublik China, verlangen würden, regierungskritische Artikel für die eigenen Landesleute zu sperren? Der große Aufschrei wegen Google Groß war der Aufschrei, als Google im Januar eine chinesische Version seiner Suchmaschine startete, in der bestimmte Inhalte zu Themen wie Tibet nicht in den Ergebnislisten auftauchen. Von einem "schwarzen Tag für die Meinungsfreiheit in China" sprach die Journalistenorganisation Reporter ohne Grenzen. Die New York Times bezeichnete Googles Verhalten als "nicht gerade idealistisch". Der Suchmaschinenbetreiber arbeitet nicht nur in China so. Rainer Glück vom Chaos Computer Club sagt, Google passe stets "die gezeigten Suchergebnisse per Geotargeting an verschiedene nationale Gesichtspunkte an - und unterdrückt im Extremfall auch Suchergebnisse, wenn sie unter die mit dem entsprechenden Staat vereinbarten Regularien fallen." Um ihr Vorgehen zu verteidigen, zitiert die New York Times den Internet-Rechtsexperten Jonathan Zittrain von der Universität Oxford "Es ist bekannt, dass die Technik Inhalte geografisch beschränken kann. Zwar nicht hundertprozentig, aber effektiv genug. Und es ist anzunehmen, dass internationale Gerichte gewillt sind, diesen technischen Fortschritt bei der Rechtssprechung zu berücksichtigen." Sollte; das eintreffen, müssten Internet-seiten-Betreiber künftig viele Fachleute für internationales Recht beschäftigen, die sämtliche Inhalte darauf prüfen, ob sie in irgendeinem Land dieser Erde mit dem dortigen Recht in Konflikt stehen. So könnten Anbieter vielleicht auf die Idee kommen, ihre Seiten nur für die Länder zugänglich zu machen, mit deren Recht' sie sich auskennen. Es würden nationale Grenzen errichtet. Das Web wäre dann nicht mehr World Wide."

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Source

Computer networks. 33(2000) nos.1/6, S.493-501

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Source

Computer networks. 33(2000) nos.1/6, S.449-455

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Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study of six French-language Web directories (MSN, Nomade, Open Directory, Voila, Voila Pages Perso, and Yahoo). The study focuses an the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the organization of these directories, and an the way in which they describe sites. It reveals a wide variety of structures, content and organizational principles. In this respect, Web directories do not correspond to classic theories of classification. They highlight the difficulty of proposing a structured representation of the heterogeneous content of the Web.

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Abstract

The dominant method currently used to improve the quality of Internet search systems is often called "digital democracy." Such an approach implies the utilization of the majority opinion of Internet users to determine the most relevant documents: for example, citation index usage for sorting of search results (google.com) or an enrichment of a query with terms that are asked frequently in relation with the query's theme. "Digital democracy" is an effective instrument in many cases, but it has an unavoidable shortcoming, which is a matter of principle: the average intellectual and cultural level of Internet users is very low- everyone knows what kind of information is dominant in Internet query statistics. Therefore, when one searches the Internet by means of "digital democracy" systems, one gets answers that reflect an underlying assumption that the user's mind potential is very low, and that his cultural interests are not demanding. Thus, it is more correct to use the term "digital ochlocracy" to refer to Internet search systems with "digital democracy." Based an the well-known mathematical mechanism of linear programming, we propose a method to solve the indicated problem.

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Abstract

This book provides practical strategies which enable the advanced web user to locate information effectively and to form a precise evaluation of the accuracy of that information. Although the book provides a brief but thorough review of the technologies which are currently available for these purposes, most of the book concerns practical `future-proof' techniques which are independent of changes in the tools available. For example, the book covers: how to retrieve salient information quickly; how to remove or compensate for bias; and tuition of novice Internet users.

Content

Key Features - Importantly, the book enables readers to develop strategies which will continue to be useful despite the rapidly-evolving state of the Internet and Internet technologies - it is not about technological `tricks'. - Enables readers to be aware of and compensate for bias and errors which are ubiquitous an the Internet. - Provides contemporary information an the deficiencies in web skills of novice users as well as practical techniques for teaching such users. The Authors Dr Alison Stacey works at the Learning Resource Centre, Cambridge Regional College. Dr Adrian Stacey, formerly based at Cambridge University, is a software programmer. Readership The book is aimed at a wide range of librarians and other information professionals who need to retrieve information from the Internet efficiently, to evaluate their confidence in the information they retrieve and/or to train others to use the Internet. It is primarily aimed at intermediate to advanced users of the Internet. Contents Fundamentals of information retrieval from the Internet - why learn web searching technique; types of information requests; patterns for information retrieval; leveraging the technology: Search term choice: pinpointing information an the web - why choose queries carefully; making search terms work together; how to pick search terms; finding the 'unfindable': Blas an the Internet - importance of bias; sources of bias; usergenerated bias: selecting information with which you already agree; assessing and compensating for bias; case studies: Query reformulation and longer term strategies - how to interact with your search engine; foraging for information; long term information retrieval: using the Internet to find trends; automating searches: how to make your machine do your work: Assessing the quality of results- how to assess and ensure quality: The novice user and teaching internet skills - novice users and their problems with the web; case study: research in a college library; interpreting 'second hand' web information.

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Date

9. 7.2000 14:06:22

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Abstract

Reports on research into the information-seeking habits of primary schoolchildren conducted under operational conditions. Three workstations with Internet access were installed in a grade-six classroom in suburban Montreal. After a short introductory training session for the entire group followed by short individual sessions for each student, 53 students, working in small groups, used these workstations over a six-week period to seek information on the Web of relevance to a class project assigned by their teacher. The project dealt with the Winter Olympic Games (recently completed at that time). The student objective was to locate relevant information for a poster and an oral presentation on one of the sports represented at the Games. All screen activity was directly captured on videotape and group conversations at the workstation were audiotaped. Demographic and computer literacy information was gathered in a questionnaire. This paper presents a map of the information-seeking landscape based upon an analysis of the descriptive statistics gathered from the Web searches. It reveals that the novice users favored browsing over analytic search strategies, although they did show some sophistication in the construction of the latter. Online help was ignored. The children demonstrated a very high level of interactivity with the interface at the expense of thinking, planning and evaluating. This is a preliminary analysis of data which will subsequently be expanded by the inclusion of qualitative data

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Abstract

Unendlich weit. Über Jahrzehnte wuchs das Internet zum Wissenskosmos. Neue Suchstrategien erschließen Nutzern die verborgenen Informationen. Mit Bezugnahme auf das Invisible Web (Grafik) und Stellungnahmen von W.G. Stock (Bild), W. Sander-Beuermann (MetaGer) (Bild) u. M. Henzinger (google.de) (Bild)

Content

"Wenn Chris Sherman über das Internet spricht, schweift er mitunter ab zu den Sternen. "Wie das Universum ist auch das Web voll dunkler Materie", sagt der Suchmaschinenexperte aus Los Angeles. "Die Astronomen erzählen uns, dass selbst das stärkste Teleskop höchstens zehn Prozent der Himmelskörper im All aufspüren kann. " Der Rest sei dunkel und somit unsichtbar. Genauso verhalte es sich mit Informationen im Web. "Das meiste Wissen", so Sherman, "bleibt selbst den besten Suchmaschinen verborgen." Höchstens ein Zehntel des Internet können die digitalen Spürhunde durchwühlen. Der Rest bleibt unter der Oberfläche im so genannten Deep Web verborgen, verteilt auf Datenbanken, Archive und Foren, oder treibt unverlinkt im Info-Meer - unerreichbar für Suchmaschinen. Eine Studie von Brightplanet, einer US-Firma für Suchtechnologie, rechnet vor, dass im Deep Web 400- bis 550-mal mehr Daten liegen als im oberflächlichen Surface-Web, in dem Google & Co. fischen können." Wenn Informationen die wichtigste Ware im 21. Jahrhundert sind, dann ist das tiefe Web unschätzbar wertvoll", sagt Michael Bergman aus dem Brightplanet-Vorstand. Um ihren Index zu pflegen und zu erweitern, schicken Suchmaschinen ihre Spione, so genannte Spider oder Crawler, durchs Netz. Diese Software-Roboter hangeln sich von Link zu Link und speichern jede neue Seite, die sie erreichen. "Millionen unverlinkter Web-Auftritte oder dynamisch aus Datenbanken erzeugte Dokumente gehen ihnen dabei durch die Maschen", schätzt Wolfgang Sander-Beuermann, Leiter des Suchmaschinenlabors der Uni Hannover. Andere Seiten sperren die Agenten bewusst aus. Ein versteckter Hinweis oder eine Passwortabfrage blockt die Spider ab, zum Beispiel am Eingang zu Firmen-Intranets. An manche Inhalte kommen die Spider nicht heran, weil sie mit deren Datenformat nichts anfangen können: Musikdateien, Bilder und Textdokumente sind schwer verdauliche Brocken für die Agenten, die auf den Internet-Code HTML spezialisiert sind. Den größten Teil des Deep Web füllen "Datenbanken mit gesichertem und für jedermann zugänglichem Wissen", weiß Netz-Ausloter Sherman, der zusammen mit dem Bibliothekar und Informationsspezialisten Gary Price in dem Buch "The Invisible Web" die Tiefenregionen des Internet erstmals für die breite Masse der Anwender sichtbar macht. Zu den wertvollsten Informationsquellen zählen kostenlose Archive, die Kataloge öffentlicher Bibliotheken, Datenbanken von Universitäten, Behörden, Patentämtern oder des Statistischen Bundesamts, ferner Newsgroups, das sind themenspezifische Schwarze Bretter im Netz, und digitale Produktkataloge. "Die Suchmaschinen können nicht in diesen Schätzen stöbem, weil sie erst gar nicht hineingelangen", erklärt Sherman. Vor dem Zugriff zum Beispiel auf das kostenlose Archiv von FOCUS muss der Nutzer per Eingabemaske nach Schlagwörtern recherchieren. Die Crux für Google & Co. bringt Sherman auf den Punkt: "Sie können nicht tippen" -und müssen deshalb draußen bleiben. Dasselbe Spiel beim größten deutschen Buchkatalog: Die digitalen Fahnder finden ihn zwar und führen den Suchenden zur Deutschen Bibliothek unter www.ddb.de. In dem Verzeichnis, das über acht Millionen Druckerzeugnisse listet, muss der Gast dann selbst weitersuchen. Für Suchmaschinen ist der Index unsichtbar. Auch an der gezielten Recherche nach Albert Einsteins Lebenslauf scheitern automatische Findhilfen. So meldet Google zwar 680 000 Treffer für Albert Einstein. Nur die Vita, die neben 25 000 weiteren im Archiv von www.biography.com liegt, findet der beliebte Generalist nicht.
Auch an die Daten der Flugverbindungen zwischen Berlin und New York kommt Google nicht heran. Die spuckt hingegen www.trip.com binnen Sekunden inklusive Preisen und Buchungsmöglichkeit aus. Um solche Quellen künftig anzuzapfen, verfolgen Suchdienste unterschiedliche Strategien. Die in South Dakota ansässige Firma Brightplanet katalogisiert unter der ambitionierten Adresse www.completeplanet.com nach eigenen Angaben 103 000 Datenbanken und Spezialsuchmaschinen. Dazu verkauft das Unternehmen den Rechercheautomaten Lexibot, ein kleines Programm, das mehr als 4300 Wissenssammlungen auf einen Rutsch abfragen kann. Andere Hersteller bieten ähnliche Software-Agenten, die im Deep Web schürfen (s. Kasten). Auch die klassischen Suchhilfen dringen in immer tiefere Regionen vor. Der deutsche Anbieter Acoon liefert testweise Links zu Musikdateien in der Tauschbörse eDonkey in der Trefferliste. Wolfgang Sander-Beuermann entwickelt derzeit mit Kollegen im Hannoveraner Suchmaschinenlabor das forschungsportal.net "für das deutsche Hochschulwissen, das bei den beliebten Allzwecksuchern in der Treffermasse untergeht", so Sander-Beuermann. Branchenprimus Google kann seit geraumer Zeit News von 4000 ausgewählten Nachrichtenquellen abgreifen, Textdokumente lesen, Fotos und Grafiken finden und in einem riesigen Archiv nach Newsgroups-Einträgen fahnden. "Das Archiv unter groups.google.com beherbergt Foren zu fast jedem denkbaren Thema", erklärt Suchspezialist Sander-Beuermann. "Immer wenn ich im Web nicht weiterkomme, suche ich in diesem Teil des Internet." Den jüngsten Coup landete der beliebte Dienst, der inzwischen fast 3,1 Milliarden Dokumente erfasst hat, vor einigen Tagen mit dem auf Produkte spezialisierten Zusatzangebot froogle.com. "Wir haben Froogle auf vielfachen Wunsch unserer Nutzer entwickelt", erzählt die Leiterin der Google-Forschungsabteilung Monika Henzinger. Auch Konkurrent Altavista fahndet nach Musikdateien, Fotos, Videos und Nachrichten. Eine viel versprechende Strategie verfolgt auch Northem Light. Der Dienst durchsucht gleichzeitig den von Spidem erstellten Index und ausgewählte Spezialdatenbanken. "Solche Hybride vereinigen die unterschiedlichen Welten des Web, ein sinnvoller Ansatz", meint Wolfgang Stock, Professor für Informationswissenschaft an der Uni Düsseldorf und FH Köln. Leider sei der Index teilweise veraltet und recht klein, klagt der Computerexperte, der mit seinen Studenten die Qualität von Suchmaschinen untersucht hat. Den Umfang des in Datenbanken schlummernden Wissens schätzt Stock nüchterner ein als Michael Bergman von Brightplanet: "Das Unternehmen hat nicht die einzelnen Dokumente ausgewertet, sondem den benötigten Speicherplatz ermittelt." Wenn man sich an der Zahl der Datensätze orientiere, sei "deren Größenschätzung wahrscheinlich zehnmal zu hoch", kalkuliert Stock. Solange die meisten Suchdienste nur den kleineren Teil des Internet im Blick haben, bleibt der Expertenstreit über die Größe des gesamten Netzes folgenlos. "Trotz aller Verbesserungen kann keine Suchmaschine alle Anfragen gleichermaßen gut beantworten", sagt der Berliner Suchmaschinenspezialist und Betreiber des Ratgebers at-web.de, Klaus Patzwaldt. "Dazu müssten Computer so intelligent wie Menschen sein." "

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Abstract

Mit über 1100 Delegierten und 85 Ausstellern stellte die zwölfte Information Online auch 2005 wieder die im Raum Asien und Pazifik größte und renommierteste regionale Fachmesse für den Informationsbereich dar. Alle zwei Jahre veranstaltet der australische Informationsberufe-Verband ALIA in Sydney die Tagung mit Fachreferenten aus Australien, Asien, Europa und USA. An drei bis fünf Tagen kommen hier Bibliothekare und Informationsspezialisten aus Australien und Neuseeland, Indien, Malaysien, Amerika, und Europa zusammen, um sich anhand von Vorträgen, Workshops, einer Fachausstellung und reichlich Gelegenheiten für informelles Networking einen Überblick über den sich rasant entwickelnden Markt des elektronischen Informationsmanagement und der Informationsversorgung zu verschaffen. 60 Referenten und neun Hauptredner (Angela Abell, Kate Andrews, Liesle Capper, Peter Crowe, Prof. Brian Fitzgerald, David Hawking, Mary Lee Kennedy, Hemant Manohar, Joan Frye Williams) lieferten Forschungsergebnisse, Fallstudien, Fortschrifttsberichte und programmatische Thesen aus den Themenbereichen Informationsarchitektur, Online Archive, Content Management Systeme, Urheberrecht und WWW, Web Services für Bibliotheken und Informationsstellen, Benutzungsschemata für Web-Technologien, Schnittstellen, Datenpool, Bibliotheksautomation, Referenzservice online, Metadaten für Informationssysteme und für Organisationen, Wissenschaftliches Publizieren, Open Access, Knowledge Management und intellektuelles Kapital, Benutzerpsychologie, Online lernen, Berufsbild Informationsspezialist. Ein Drittel der Beiträge beschäftigte sich mit Fragen rund um Information beziehungsweise Knowledge Discovery Search, Search und nochmals Search. Dreht sich angesichts der kommerziellen Erfolge von Google und Konsorten denn alles nur noch um die Websuche?

Date

22. 5.2005 13:51:43

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LCSH

Internet (Computer network)

Subject

Internet (Computer network)