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Springer, M.: Wie frei bleibt das Internet? : Das neue Medium zwischen Anarchie und Zensur (2011)
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- Content
- Doch so eindeutig sind Gut und Böse im Dreieck Bürger-Staat - Internet nicht verteilt. Nur auf den ersten Blick steht der Einzelne, der sein Recht auf uneingeschränkte Information beansprucht, im Bund mit einem möglichst freien Internet, während der Staat das neue Medium angeblich bloß reglementieren will. Zu einer anderen Einschätzung kommt der Rechtswissenschaftler Tim Wu von der New Yorker Columbia University in seinem Buch »The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires«. Wu untersucht die Geschichte der Medien Radio, Tonträger, Film, Fernsehen und Internet in den USA und demonstriert an zahlreichen Beispielen ein wiederkehrendes Muster: Die jeweils neueste Technik macht Firmen reich, die mit ihrer wirtschaftlichen Macht ein Monopol darauf durchsetzen. Erst die Einführung der nächsten »neuen« Medientechnik bricht die ökonomische Alleinherrschaft. Im Licht von Wus Befund muss ich mein Dreieck zu einem Quadrat erweitern, mit mächtigen Medienkonzernen als viertem Pol. Aktuelle Beispiele wären Google und Apple. Jeder von beiden schickt sich auf seine Weise an, ein geschlossenes System zu organisieren, das sich krakengleich über das Internet ausbreitet, um es möglichst umfassend zu vereinnahmen. Der Grund ist nicht etwa, dass die zwei Möchtegern-Monopolisten »böse« wären - sie sind nur einfach auf expansives Wirtschaften programmiert. Im Viereck Bürger -Staat - Internet -Wirtschaft kommt darum dem Staat laut Wu eine durchaus positive Rolle zu: Er soll verhindern, dass das neue Medium von Konzernen vereinnahmt wird. So könnte etwa eine Kartellbehörde ihr Augenmerk speziell auf geballte Medienmacht im Internet richten. Übrigens: Wissen Sie, warum »Der Glöckner von Notre-Dame« in Hollywood gedreht wurde? Auch darüber gibt Wus Buch Auskunft. Die Firma des Erfinders Thomas Edison kontrollierte Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts mit ihren Patenten die gesamte Filmtechnik. Unter anderem diktierte sie, dass ein Kinofilm nur wenige Minuten lang sein dürfe, um die Aufmerksamkeit des Publikums nicht zu ermüden. Vor solchen Vorschriften flohen die ersten Filmstudios von der Ostküstenach Kalifornien - und gründeten Hollywood."
-
Landwehr, A.: China schafft digitales Punktesystem für den "besseren" Menschen (2018)
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- Date
- 22. 6.2018 14:29:46
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Andrade, T.C.; Dodebei, V.: Traces of digitized newspapers and bom-digital news sites : a trail to the memory on the internet (2016)
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Oguz, F.; Koehler, W.: URL decay at year 20 : a research note (2016)
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Hartmann, B.: Ab ins MoMA : zum virtuellen Museumsgang (2011)
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Thelwall, M.; Buckley, K.; Paltoglou, G.: Sentiment in Twitter events (2011)
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Okoli, C.; Mehdi, M.; Mesgari, M.; Nielsen, F.A.; Lanamäki, A.: Wikipedia in the eyes of its beholders : a systematic review of scholarly research on Wikipedia readers and readership (2014)
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Egbert, J.; Biber, D.; Davies, M.: Developing a bottom-up, user-based method of web register classification (2015)
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Evans, H.K.; Ovalle, J.; Green, S.: Rockin' robins : do congresswomen rule the roost in the Twittersphere? (2016)
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Arbelaitz, O.; Martínez-Otzeta. J.M.; Muguerza, J.: User modeling in a social network for cognitively disabled people (2016)
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Dufour, C.; Bartlett, J.C.; Toms, E.G.: Understanding how webcasts are used as sources of information (2011)
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Zimmer, M.; Proferes, N.J.: ¬A topology of Twitter research : disciplines, methods, and ethics (2014)
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- 20. 1.2015 18:30:22
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Bhattacharya, S.; Yang, C.; Srinivasan, P.; Boynton, B.: Perceptions of presidential candidates' personalities in twitter (2016)
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Bhatia, S.; Biyani, P.; Mitra, P.: Identifying the role of individual user messages in an online discussion and its use in thread retrieval (2016)
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Dalip, D.H.; Gonçalves, M.A.; Cristo, M.; Calado, P.: ¬A general multiview framework for assessing the quality of collaboratively created content on web 2.0 (2017)
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Bünte, O.: Bundesdatenschutzbeauftragte bezweifelt Facebooks Datenschutzversprechen (2018)
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Kaeser, E.: ¬Das postfaktische Zeitalter (2016)
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- Content
- "Es gibt Daten, Informationen und Fakten. Wenn man mir eine Zahlenreihe vorsetzt, dann handelt es sich um Daten: unterscheidbare Einheiten, im Fachjargon: Items. Wenn man mir sagt, dass diese Items stündliche Temperaturangaben der Aare im Berner Marzilibad bedeuten, dann verfüge ich über Information - über interpretierte Daten. Wenn man mir sagt, dies seien die gemessenen Aaretemperaturen am 22. August 2016 im Marzili, dann ist das ein Faktum: empirisch geprüfte interpretierte Daten. Dieser Dreischritt - Unterscheiden, Interpretieren, Prüfen - bildet quasi das Bindemittel des Faktischen, «the matter of fact». Wir alle führen den Dreischritt ständig aus und gelangen so zu einem relativ verlässlichen Wissen und Urteilsvermögen betreffend die Dinge des Alltags. Aber wie schon die Kurzcharakterisierung durchblicken lässt, bilden Fakten nicht den Felsengrund der Realität. Sie sind kritikanfällig, sowohl von der Interpretation wie auch von der Prüfung her gesehen. Um bei unserem Beispiel zu bleiben: Es kann durchaus sein, dass man uns zwei unterschiedliche «faktische» Temperaturverläufe der Aare am 22. August 2016 vorsetzt.
-
Joint, N.: Web 2.0 and the library : a transformational technology? (2010)
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Jamali, H.R.; Shahbaztabar, P.: ¬The effects of internet filtering on users' information-seeking behaviour and emotions (2017)
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Griesbaum, J.; Mahrholz, N.; Kiedrowski, K. von Löwe; Rittberger, M.: Knowledge generation in online forums : a case study in the German educational domain (2015)
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