-
Schatz, B.R.: Information analysis in the net : the interspace of the twenty-first century (1998)
0.07
0.07363683 = product of:
0.11045524 = sum of:
0.008542033 = weight(_text_:in in 2344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008542033 = score(doc=2344,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.120230645 = fieldWeight in 2344, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2344)
0.10191321 = sum of:
0.045300893 = weight(_text_:science in 2344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.045300893 = score(doc=2344,freq=4.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.3292649 = fieldWeight in 2344, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2344)
0.056612313 = weight(_text_:22 in 2344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056612313 = score(doc=2344,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 2344, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2344)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Imprint
- Urbana-Champaign, IL : Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
- Source
- Visualizing subject access for 21st century information resources: Papers presented at the 1997 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 2-4 Mar 1997, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ed.: P.A. Cochrane et al
-
Liew, C.L.; Foo, S.; Chennupati, K.R.: ¬A proposed integrated environment for enhanced user interaction and value-adding of electronic documents : an empirical evaluation (2001)
0.07
0.07363683 = product of:
0.11045524 = sum of:
0.008542033 = weight(_text_:in in 5196) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008542033 = score(doc=5196,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.120230645 = fieldWeight in 5196, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5196)
0.10191321 = sum of:
0.045300893 = weight(_text_:science in 5196) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.045300893 = score(doc=5196,freq=4.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.3292649 = fieldWeight in 5196, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5196)
0.056612313 = weight(_text_:22 in 5196) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056612313 = score(doc=5196,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 5196, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5196)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Will traditional forms of communication seamlessly migrate to the Web? Liew, Foo, and Chennupati report that the top-ranked features of e-journals are those not available in paper journals: querying, navigation, and visualization.
- Footnote
- Beitrag eines Themenheftes: Still the Frontier: Information Science at the Millenium
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.22-35
-
Julien, H.: Bibliographic instruction trends in Canadian academic libraries (1997)
0.07
0.070485964 = product of:
0.10572894 = sum of:
0.017084066 = weight(_text_:in in 2072) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017084066 = score(doc=2072,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.24046129 = fieldWeight in 2072, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2072)
0.08864488 = sum of:
0.032032568 = weight(_text_:science in 2072) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032032568 = score(doc=2072,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23282544 = fieldWeight in 2072, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2072)
0.056612313 = weight(_text_:22 in 2072) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056612313 = score(doc=2072,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 2072, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2072)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Determines how bibliographic instruction in Canadian academic libraries is evolving to meet this need in the current dynamic environment. The survey data revealed that traditional content and delivery continues to be stressed. Technology is reportedly changing bibliographic instruction in positive ways, towards the teaching of critical evaluation and research strategies and incorporating more hand-on user training
- Source
- Canadian journal of information and library science. 22(1997) no.2, S.1-15
-
Shen, X.; Li, D.; Shen, C.: Evaluating China's university library Web sites using correspondence analysis (2006)
0.07
0.070485964 = product of:
0.10572894 = sum of:
0.017084066 = weight(_text_:in in 5277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017084066 = score(doc=5277,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.24046129 = fieldWeight in 5277, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5277)
0.08864488 = sum of:
0.032032568 = weight(_text_:science in 5277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032032568 = score(doc=5277,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23282544 = fieldWeight in 5277, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5277)
0.056612313 = weight(_text_:22 in 5277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056612313 = score(doc=5277,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 5277, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5277)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- In recent years, many evaluations of Web sites have been conducted, and relevant researches have also been carried out in academic circles. Correspondence analysis is introduced in this paper to evaluate university library Web sites through building a correspondence analysis model. This paper gives suggestions as to how to construct university library Web sites based on analysis and summary of evaluation results, in a bid to strengthen the construction of university library Web sites.
- Date
- 22. 7.2006 16:40:18
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.4, S.493-500
-
Oppenheim, C.: ¬An agenda for action to achieve the information society in the UK (1996)
0.07
0.06896008 = product of:
0.10344011 = sum of:
0.014795236 = weight(_text_:in in 7670) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014795236 = score(doc=7670,freq=6.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.2082456 = fieldWeight in 7670, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7670)
0.08864488 = sum of:
0.032032568 = weight(_text_:science in 7670) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032032568 = score(doc=7670,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23282544 = fieldWeight in 7670, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7670)
0.056612313 = weight(_text_:22 in 7670) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056612313 = score(doc=7670,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 7670, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7670)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Discusses ways in which government can play a important role in shaping national policies for a nation's information infrastructure. Considers such factors as the development of national policies for: supporting the development of electronic information services; privacy and data protection; copyright; and public libraries and national libraries
- Source
- Journal of information science. 22(1996) no.6, S.407-421
-
Ormes, S.: Internet services in Danish public libraries (1998)
0.07
0.06896008 = product of:
0.10344011 = sum of:
0.014795236 = weight(_text_:in in 2481) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014795236 = score(doc=2481,freq=6.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.2082456 = fieldWeight in 2481, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2481)
0.08864488 = sum of:
0.032032568 = weight(_text_:science in 2481) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032032568 = score(doc=2481,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23282544 = fieldWeight in 2481, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2481)
0.056612313 = weight(_text_:22 in 2481) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056612313 = score(doc=2481,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 2481, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2481)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Considers the potential value of the Internet for public libraries in Denmark with particular reference to 3 case studies, each focusing on a specific public library, selected because of their innovative use of the Internet in their services. The public libraries selected were: Roskilde, Silkeborg and Arhus
- Date
- 9. 2.1997 18:44:22
- Source
- Journal of librarianship and information science. 30(1998) no.2, S.123-132
-
Gaines, B.R.; Chen, L.-J.; Shaw, M.L.G.: Modeling the human factors of scholarly communities supported through the Internet and World Wide Web (1997)
0.07
0.06650905 = product of:
0.09976357 = sum of:
0.015692718 = weight(_text_:in in 1458) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.015692718 = score(doc=1458,freq=12.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.22087781 = fieldWeight in 1458, product of:
3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
12.0 = termFreq=12.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1458)
0.084070854 = sum of:
0.024024425 = weight(_text_:science in 1458) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024024425 = score(doc=1458,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.17461908 = fieldWeight in 1458, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1458)
0.06004643 = weight(_text_:22 in 1458) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06004643 = score(doc=1458,freq=4.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.32829654 = fieldWeight in 1458, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1458)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Provides a framework for analysing the utility, usability and likeability of net and web services and illustrates its application to significant aspects of supporting scholarly communities. The utility of the net and web are measured in terms of the growth of usage and the different services involved are distinguished in terms of their specific utilities. A layered protocol model is used to model discourse through the net and is extended to encompass interaction in communities. An operational criterion for distinguishing different communities is defined in terms of the types of awareness that resource providers and user have of one another. Develops a temporal model of discourse that enables the spectrum of services ranging from real-time discourse to long-term publication to be analyzed in a unified framework. The dimensions of awareness and time are used to characterise and compare the full range of net services and model their unification through the next generation of web browsers
- Date
- 17. 7.1998 22:22:58
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special topic issue on current research in human-computer interaction
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.11, S.987-1003
-
Zhang, Y.: ¬The impact of Internet-based electronic resources on formal scholarly communication in the area of library and information science : a citation analysis (1998)
0.07
0.06589335 = product of:
0.09884003 = sum of:
0.014125061 = weight(_text_:in in 2808) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014125061 = score(doc=2808,freq=14.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.19881277 = fieldWeight in 2808, product of:
3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
14.0 = termFreq=14.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2808)
0.084714964 = sum of:
0.034676272 = weight(_text_:science in 2808) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034676272 = score(doc=2808,freq=6.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.25204095 = fieldWeight in 2808, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2808)
0.050038688 = weight(_text_:22 in 2808) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.050038688 = score(doc=2808,freq=4.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.27358043 = fieldWeight in 2808, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2808)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Internet based electronic resources are growing dramatically but there have been no empirical studies evaluating the impact of e-sources, as a whole, on formal scholarly communication. reports results of an investigation into how much e-sources have been used in formal scholarly communication, using a case study in the area of Library and Information Science (LIS) during the period 1994 to 1996. 4 citation based indicators were used in the study of the impact measurement. Concludes that, compared with the impact of print sources, the impact of e-sources on formal scholarly communication in LIS is small, as measured by e-sources cited, and does not increase significantly by year even though there is observable growth of these impact across the years. It is found that periodical format is related to the rate of citing e-sources, articles are more likely to cite e-sources than are print priodical articles. However, once authors cite electronic resource, there is no significant difference in the number of references per article by periodical format or by year. Suggests that, at this stage, citing e-sources may depend on authors rather than the periodical format in which authors choose to publish
- Date
- 30. 1.1999 17:22:22
- Source
- Journal of information science. 24(1998) no.4, S.241-254
-
Harter, S.P.: Scholarly communication and electronic journals : an impact study (1998)
0.06
0.06479128 = product of:
0.09718691 = sum of:
0.008542033 = weight(_text_:in in 3035) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008542033 = score(doc=3035,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.120230645 = fieldWeight in 3035, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3035)
0.08864488 = sum of:
0.032032568 = weight(_text_:science in 3035) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.032032568 = score(doc=3035,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23282544 = fieldWeight in 3035, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3035)
0.056612313 = weight(_text_:22 in 3035) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056612313 = score(doc=3035,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 3035, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3035)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Studies the effects of e-journals on the scholarly communities they are serving. Considers to what extent scholars and researchers are aware of, influenced by, using, or building their own work on research published in e-journals. Draws a sample of scholarly, peer-reviewed e-journals and conducts several analyzes thorugh citation analysis. The data show that the impact of journals on scholarly communication has been minimal
- Date
- 22. 2.1999 16:56:06
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 49(1998) no.6, S.507-516
-
Tonta, Y.: Scholarly communication and the use of networked information sources (1996)
0.06
0.060506888 = product of:
0.09076033 = sum of:
0.014325427 = weight(_text_:in in 6389) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014325427 = score(doc=6389,freq=10.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.20163295 = fieldWeight in 6389, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6389)
0.0764349 = sum of:
0.03397567 = weight(_text_:science in 6389) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03397567 = score(doc=6389,freq=4.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.24694869 = fieldWeight in 6389, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6389)
0.042459235 = weight(_text_:22 in 6389) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.042459235 = score(doc=6389,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 6389, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6389)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Examines the use of networked information sources in scholarly communication. Networked information sources are defined broadly to cover: documents and images stored on electronic network hosts; data files; newsgroups; listservs; online information services and electronic periodicals. Reports results of a survey to determine how heavily, if at all, networked information sources are cited in scholarly printed periodicals published in 1993 and 1994. 27 printed periodicals, representing a wide range of subjects and the most influential periodicals in their fields, were identified through the Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index Journal Citation Reports. 97 articles were selected for further review and references, footnotes and bibliographies were checked for references to networked information sources. Only 2 articles were found to contain such references. Concludes that, although networked information sources facilitate scholars' work to a great extent during the research process, scholars have yet to incorporate such sources in the bibliographies of their published articles
- Source
- IFLA journal. 22(1996) no.3, S.240-245
-
Okoli, C.; Mehdi, M.; Mesgari, M.; Nielsen, F.A.; Lanamäki, A.: Wikipedia in the eyes of its beholders : a systematic review of scholarly research on Wikipedia readers and readership (2014)
0.06
0.059498634 = product of:
0.08924795 = sum of:
0.012813049 = weight(_text_:in in 1540) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.012813049 = score(doc=1540,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.18034597 = fieldWeight in 1540, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1540)
0.0764349 = sum of:
0.03397567 = weight(_text_:science in 1540) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03397567 = score(doc=1540,freq=4.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.24694869 = fieldWeight in 1540, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1540)
0.042459235 = weight(_text_:22 in 1540) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.042459235 = score(doc=1540,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 1540, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1540)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Hundreds of scholarly studies have investigated various aspects of Wikipedia. Although a number of literature reviews have provided overviews of this vast body of research, none has specifically focused on the readers of Wikipedia and issues concerning its readership. In this systematic literature review, we review 99 studies to synthesize current knowledge regarding the readership of Wikipedia and provide an analysis of research methods employed. The scholarly research has found that Wikipedia is popular not only for lighter topics such as entertainment but also for more serious topics such as health and legal information. Scholars, librarians, and students are common users, and Wikipedia provides a unique opportunity for educating students in digital literacy. We conclude with a summary of key findings, implications for researchers, and implications for the Wikipedia community.
- Date
- 18.11.2014 13:22:03
- Series
- Advances in information science
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.12, S.2381-2403
-
Notess, G.R.: ¬The internet (1997)
0.06
0.059096586 = product of:
0.17728975 = sum of:
0.17728975 = sum of:
0.064065136 = weight(_text_:science in 7783) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.064065136 = score(doc=7783,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.4656509 = fieldWeight in 7783, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7783)
0.113224626 = weight(_text_:22 in 7783) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.113224626 = score(doc=7783,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 7783, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7783)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.59, [=Suppl.22]
-
Information society concepts : agenda for action in the UK (1997)
0.06
0.058756333 = product of:
0.0881345 = sum of:
0.010570227 = weight(_text_:in in 3032) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.010570227 = score(doc=3032,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.14877784 = fieldWeight in 3032, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3032)
0.07756427 = sum of:
0.028028497 = weight(_text_:science in 3032) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028028497 = score(doc=3032,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.20372227 = fieldWeight in 3032, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3032)
0.049535774 = weight(_text_:22 in 3032) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049535774 = score(doc=3032,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 3032, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3032)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Reprints various parts of the report of the UK House of Lords Select Committee on science and Technology, including the agenda for action of the proposed Information Society Task Force; as well as recommendations concerning the regulatory framework, universal access to the Internet, aducation, health care, environmental benefits, electronic publishing and archiving, encryption and verification, and an electronic register of grant giving bodies. Also includes evidence given to the Committee by Aslib on the applications of the information superhighway in society and other matters together with the views of some of their expert witnesses
- Date
- 22. 2.1999 16:25:49
-
Shaw, D.: Challenges of information technology in improving information services (1997)
0.06
0.058756333 = product of:
0.0881345 = sum of:
0.010570227 = weight(_text_:in in 3034) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.010570227 = score(doc=3034,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.14877784 = fieldWeight in 3034, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3034)
0.07756427 = sum of:
0.028028497 = weight(_text_:science in 3034) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028028497 = score(doc=3034,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.20372227 = fieldWeight in 3034, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3034)
0.049535774 = weight(_text_:22 in 3034) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049535774 = score(doc=3034,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 3034, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3034)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Reviews the significant changes in information technology over the last 50 years and considers the many implications for information services. The Internet, global access to distributed information sources, and remote users all present challenges to would-be providers of information services. As resources proliferate, the information professional must develop new methods for locating and accessing them: reliance on publishers and reviews is no longer sufficient. Information service providers can now serve more diverse clienteles, but must be aware of the greater range of information needs and styles of information seeking. The continuing challenge is to harness the information technologies to meet these needs
- Date
- 22. 2.1999 16:50:03
- Source
- Journal of information; communication; and library science. 4(1997) no.1, S.3-9
-
Cheung, C.M.K.; Lee, M.K.O.: Understanding consumer trust in Internet shopping : a multidisciplinary approach (2006)
0.06
0.057828583 = product of:
0.08674287 = sum of:
0.02025921 = weight(_text_:in in 5280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02025921 = score(doc=5280,freq=20.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.28515202 = fieldWeight in 5280, product of:
4.472136 = tf(freq=20.0), with freq of:
20.0 = termFreq=20.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5280)
0.06648366 = sum of:
0.024024425 = weight(_text_:science in 5280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024024425 = score(doc=5280,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.17461908 = fieldWeight in 5280, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5280)
0.042459235 = weight(_text_:22 in 5280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.042459235 = score(doc=5280,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 5280, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5280)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- The importance of trust in building and maintaining consumer relationships in the online environment is widely accepted in the Information Systems literature. A key challenge for researchers is to identify antecedent variables that engender consumer trust in Internet shopping. This paper adopts a multidisciplinary approach and develops an integrative model of consumer trust in Internet shopping through synthesizing the three diverse trust literatures. The social psychological perspective guides us to include perceived trustworthiness of Internet merchants as the key determinant of consumer trust in Internet shopping. The sociological viewpoint suggests the inclusion of legal framework and third-party recognition in the research model. The views of personality theorists postulate a direct effect of propensity to trust on consumer trust in Internet shopping. The results of this study provide strong support for the research model and research hypotheses, and the high explanatory power illustrates the complementarity of the three streams of research on trust. This paper contributes to the conceptual and empirical understanding of consumer trust in Internet shopping. Implications of this study are noteworthy for both researchers and practitioners.
- Date
- 22. 7.2006 17:06:10
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.4, S.479-492
-
Evans, H.K.; Ovalle, J.; Green, S.: Rockin' robins : do congresswomen rule the roost in the Twittersphere? (2016)
0.06
0.057828583 = product of:
0.08674287 = sum of:
0.02025921 = weight(_text_:in in 2636) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02025921 = score(doc=2636,freq=20.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.28515202 = fieldWeight in 2636, product of:
4.472136 = tf(freq=20.0), with freq of:
20.0 = termFreq=20.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2636)
0.06648366 = sum of:
0.024024425 = weight(_text_:science in 2636) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024024425 = score(doc=2636,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.17461908 = fieldWeight in 2636, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2636)
0.042459235 = weight(_text_:22 in 2636) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.042459235 = score(doc=2636,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 2636, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2636)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- Recent work by Evans, Cordova, and Sipole (2014) reveals that in the two months leading up to the 2012 election, female House candidates used the social media site Twitter more often than male candidates. Not only did female candidates tweet more often, but they also spent more time attacking their opponents and discussing important issues in American politics. In this article, we examine whether the female winners of those races acted differently than the male winners in the 2012 election, and whether they differed in their tweeting-style during two months in the summer of 2013. Using a hand-coded content analysis of every tweet from each member in the U.S. House of Representatives in June and July of 2013, we show that women differ from their male colleagues in their frequency and type of tweeting, and note some key differences between the period during the election and the period after. This article suggests that context greatly affects representatives' Twitter-style.
- Date
- 22. 1.2016 11:51:19
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.2, S.268-275
-
Oguz, F.; Koehler, W.: URL decay at year 20 : a research note (2016)
0.06
0.05669237 = product of:
0.08503855 = sum of:
0.0074742786 = weight(_text_:in in 2651) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0074742786 = score(doc=2651,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.10520181 = fieldWeight in 2651, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2651)
0.07756427 = sum of:
0.028028497 = weight(_text_:science in 2651) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.028028497 = score(doc=2651,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.20372227 = fieldWeight in 2651, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2651)
0.049535774 = weight(_text_:22 in 2651) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049535774 = score(doc=2651,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 2651, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2651)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- All text is ephemeral. Some texts are more ephemeral than others. The web has proved to be among the most ephemeral and changing of information vehicles. The research note revisits Koehler's original data set after about 20 years since it was first collected. By late 2013, the number of URLs responding to a query had fallen to 1.6% of the original sample. A query of the 6 remaining URLs in February 2015 showed only 2 still responding.
- Date
- 22. 1.2016 14:37:14
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.2, S.477-479
-
Chung, W.; Chen, H.: Browsing the underdeveloped Web : an experiment on the Arabic Medical Web Directory (2009)
0.06
0.05562249 = product of:
0.08343373 = sum of:
0.016950073 = weight(_text_:in in 2733) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016950073 = score(doc=2733,freq=14.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23857531 = fieldWeight in 2733, product of:
3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
14.0 = termFreq=14.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2733)
0.06648366 = sum of:
0.024024425 = weight(_text_:science in 2733) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024024425 = score(doc=2733,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.17461908 = fieldWeight in 2733, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2733)
0.042459235 = weight(_text_:22 in 2733) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.042459235 = score(doc=2733,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 2733, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2733)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- While the Web has grown significantly in recent years, some portions of the Web remain largely underdeveloped, as shown in a lack of high-quality content and functionality. An example is the Arabic Web, in which a lack of well-structured Web directories limits users' ability to browse for Arabic resources. In this research, we proposed an approach to building Web directories for the underdeveloped Web and developed a proof-of-concept prototype called the Arabic Medical Web Directory (AMedDir) that supports browsing of over 5,000 Arabic medical Web sites and pages organized in a hierarchical structure. We conducted an experiment involving Arab participants and found that the AMedDir significantly outperformed two benchmark Arabic Web directories in terms of browsing effectiveness, efficiency, information quality, and user satisfaction. Participants expressed strong preference for the AMedDir and provided many positive comments. This research thus contributes to developing a useful Web directory for organizing the information in the Arabic medical domain and to a better understanding of how to support browsing on the underdeveloped Web.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 17:57:50
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.595-607
-
Thelwall, M.; Buckley, K.; Paltoglou, G.: Sentiment in Twitter events (2011)
0.06
0.05562249 = product of:
0.08343373 = sum of:
0.016950073 = weight(_text_:in in 4345) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016950073 = score(doc=4345,freq=14.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23857531 = fieldWeight in 4345, product of:
3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
14.0 = termFreq=14.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4345)
0.06648366 = sum of:
0.024024425 = weight(_text_:science in 4345) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024024425 = score(doc=4345,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.17461908 = fieldWeight in 4345, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4345)
0.042459235 = weight(_text_:22 in 4345) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.042459235 = score(doc=4345,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 4345, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4345)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- The microblogging site Twitter generates a constant stream of communication, some of which concerns events of general interest. An analysis of Twitter may, therefore, give insights into why particular events resonate with the population. This article reports a study of a month of English Twitter posts, assessing whether popular events are typically associated with increases in sentiment strength, as seems intuitively likely. Using the top 30 events, determined by a measure of relative increase in (general) term usage, the results give strong evidence that popular events are normally associated with increases in negative sentiment strength and some evidence that peaks of interest in events have stronger positive sentiment than the time before the peak. It seems that many positive events, such as the Oscars, are capable of generating increased negative sentiment in reaction to them. Nevertheless, the surprisingly small average change in sentiment associated with popular events (typically 1% and only 6% for Tiger Woods' confessions) is consistent with events affording posters opportunities to satisfy pre-existing personal goals more often than eliciting instinctive reactions.
- Date
- 22. 1.2011 14:27:06
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 62(2011) no.2, S.406-418
-
Agosto, D.E.: Bounded rationality and satisficing in young people's Web-based decision making (2002)
0.05
0.054784253 = product of:
0.08217638 = sum of:
0.015692718 = weight(_text_:in in 177) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.015692718 = score(doc=177,freq=12.0), product of:
0.07104705 = queryWeight, product of:
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.22087781 = fieldWeight in 177, product of:
3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
12.0 = termFreq=12.0
1.3602545 = idf(docFreq=30841, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=177)
0.06648366 = sum of:
0.024024425 = weight(_text_:science in 177) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024024425 = score(doc=177,freq=2.0), product of:
0.1375819 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.17461908 = fieldWeight in 177, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=177)
0.042459235 = weight(_text_:22 in 177) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.042459235 = score(doc=177,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18290302 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052230705 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 177, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=177)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
- Abstract
- This study investigated Simon's behavioral decisionmaking theories of bounded rationality and satisficing in relation to young people's decision making in the World Wide Web, and considered the role of personal preferences in Web-based decisions. It employed a qualitative research methodology involving group interviews with 22 adolescent females. Data analysis took the form of iterative pattern coding using QSR NUD*IST Vivo qualitative data analysis software. Data analysis revealed that the study participants did operate within the limits of bounded rationality. These limits took the form of time constraints, information overload, and physical constraints. Data analysis also uncovered two major satisficing behaviors-reduction and termination. Personal preference was found to play a major role in Web site evaluation in the areas of graphic/multimedia and subject content preferences. This study has related implications for Web site designers and for adult intermediaries who work with young people and the Web
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.1, S.16-27
