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Field

Informatik

Theme

Internet

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Date

22. 1.2022 14:01:14

Theme

Internet

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Internet

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Abstract

In 2021, sharing content is easier than ever. Our lingua franca is visual: memes, infographics, TikToks. Our references cross borders and platforms, shared and remixed a hundred different ways in minutes. Digital culture is collective by default and has us together all around the world. But as the internet reaches its "dirty 30s," what happens when pieces of digital culture that have been saved, screenshotted, and reposted for years need to retire? Let's dig into the story of one of these artifacts: The Lenna image. The Lenna image may be relatively unknown in pop culture today, but in the engineering world, it remains an icon. I first encountered the image in an undergrad class, then grad school, and then all over the sites and software I use every day as a tech worker like Github, OpenCV, Stack Overflow, and Quora. To understand where the image is today, you have to understand how it got here. So, I decided to scrape Google scholar, search, and reverse image search results to track down thousands of instances of the image across the internet (see more in the methods section).
Lena Forsén, the real human behind the Lenna image, was first published in Playboy in 1972. Soon after, USC engineers searching for a suitable test image for their image processing research sought inspiration from the magazine. They deemed Lenna the right fit and scanned the image into digital, RGB existence. From here, the story of the image follows the story of the internet. Lenna was one of the first inhabitants of ARPANet, the internet's predecessor, and then the world wide web. While the image's reach was limited to a few research papers in the '70s and '80s, in 1991, Lenna was featured on the cover of an engineering journal alongside another popular test image, Peppers. This caught the attention of Playboy, which threatened a copyright infringement lawsuit. Engineers who had grown attached to Lenna fought back. Ultimately, they prevailed, and as a Playboy VP reflected on the drama: "We decided we should exploit this because it is a phenomenon." The Playboy controversy canonized Lenna in engineering folklore and prompted an explosion of conversation about the image. Image hits on the internet rose to a peak number in 1995.
But despite this progress, almost 2 years later, the use of Lenna continues. The image appears on the internet in 30+ different languages in the last decade, including 10+ languages in 2021. The image's spread across digital geographies has mirrored this geographical growth, moving from mostly .org domains before 1990 to over 100 different domains today, notably .com and .edu, along with others. Within the .edu world, the Lenna image continues to appear in homework questions, class slides and to be hosted on educational and research sites, ensuring that it is passed down to new generations of engineers. Whether it's due to institutional negligence or defiance, it seems that for now, the image is here to stay.

Content

"Having known Lenna for almost a decade, I have struggled to understand what the story of the image means for what tech culture is and what it is becoming. To me, the crux of the Lenna story is how little power we have over our data and how it is used and abused. This threat seems disproportionately higher for women who are often overrepresented in internet content, but underrepresented in internet company leadership and decision making. Given this reality, engineering and product decisions will continue to consciously (and unconsciously) exclude our needs and concerns. While social norms are changing towards non-consensual data collection and data exploitation, digital norms seem to be moving in the opposite direction. Advancements in machine learning algorithms and data storage capabilities are only making data misuse easier. Whether the outcome is revenge porn or targeted ads, surveillance or discriminatory AI, if we want a world where our data can retire when it's outlived its time, or when it's directly harming our lives, we must create the tools and policies that empower data subjects to have a say in what happens to their data. including allowing their data to die."

Theme

Internet

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Abstract

Gibt es eine Alternative zu Google? Sollte es sie geben? Die vorherrschende Kritik an den HighTech-Konzernen setzt an ihrer Marktmacht und deren Missbrauch an. Diesen ist politisch mit "Regulierung", "Sanktionierung" und "Sicherstellung von mehr Wettbewerb" zu begegnen. Evgeny Morozov, der aus Weißrussland stammende Technologie- und Internet-Kritiker, wurde mit den Büchern "The Net Delusion" (2011) und "To Save Everything Click Here" (2013), speziell in Deutschland als FAZ-Kolumnist bekannt. Mit seiner Kritik an den Tech-Konzernen setzt er grundsätzlicher als die in der öffentlichen Debatte dominierenden wirtschaftlichen Zusammenhänge an: Er fragt nach der Qualität, Relevanz und Originalität der suchbar und verfügbar gemachten Inhalte. Folgen wir ihm, so würde mehr Wettbewerb unter Suchmaschinen wenig nützen, wenn sich die neuen Player in den Kriterien, auf die ihre Algorithmen festgelegt sind, nicht von Google unterscheiden (und die aus technischer Sicht womöglich schlechter als Google sind).

Theme

Internet

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Internet