Search (53 results, page 1 of 3)

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Date

22. 8.2009 19:50:27

Issue

2. Aufl. - Hergestellt on demand

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Abstract

This book provides relevant content in the areas of information retrieval systems, services, and research; covering topics such as social tagging, collaborative querying, social network analysis, subjective relevance judgments, and collaborative filtering. Answering the increasing demand for authoritative resources on Internet technologies, this will make an indispensable addition to any library collection

Content

Inhalt Collaborating to search effectively in different searcher modes through cues and specialty search / Naresh Kumar Agarwal and Danny C.C. Poo -- Collaborative querying using a hybrid content and results-based approach / Chandrani Sinha Ray ... [et al.] -- Collaborative classification for group-oriented organization of search results / Keiichi Nakata and Amrish Singh -- A case study of use-centered descriptions : archival descriptions of what can be done with a collection / Richard Butterworth -- Metadata for social recommendations : storing, sharing, and reusing evaluations of learning resources / Riina Vuorikari, Nikos Manouselis, and Erik Duval -- Social network models for enhancing reference-based search engine rankings / Nikolaos Korfiatis ... [et al.] -- From PageRank to social rank : authority-based retrieval in social information spaces / Sebastian Marius Kirsch ... [et al.] -- Adaptive peer-to-peer social networks for distributed content-based Web search / Le-Shin Wu ... [et al.] -- The ethics of social information retrieval / Brendan Luyt and Chu Keong Lee -- The social context of knowledge / Daniel Memmi -- Social information seeking in digital libraries / George Buchanan and Annika Hinze -- Relevant intra-actions in networked environments / Theresa Dirndorfer Anderson -- Publication and citation analysis as a tool for information retrieval / Ronald Rousseau -- Personalized information retrieval in a semantic-based learning environment / Antonella Carbonaro and Rodolfo Ferrini -- Multi-agent tourism system (MATS) / Soe Yu Maw and Myo-Myo Naing -- Hybrid recommendation systems : a case study on the movies domain / Konstantinos Markellos ... [et al.].

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Date

20.12.2006 18:22:32

Isbn

3-936931-22-4

LCSH

World Summit on the Information Society ; Information society ; Digital divide

Subject

World Summit on the Information Society ; Information society ; Digital divide

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Abstract

The scale of web site design has grown so that what was once comparable to decorating a room is now comparable to designing buildings or even cities. Designing sites so that people can find their way around is an ever-growing challenge as sites contain more and more information. In the past, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web has helped developers and designers establish consistent and usable structures for their sites and their information. This edition of the classic primer on web site design and navigation is updated with recent examples, new scenarios, and new information on best practices. Readers will learn how to present large volumes of information to visitors who need to find what they're looking for quickly. With topics that range from aesthetics to mechanics, this valuable book explains how to create interfaces that users can understand easily.

Date

22. 3.2008 16:18:27

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Classification

303.48/33 22 (LoC)

DDC

303.48/33 22 (LoC)

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.1, S.150-151 (L. Westbrook): "The purpose of this volume is to bring together various analyses by international scholars of the social and cultural impact of information technology on individuals and societies (preface, n.p.). It grew from the First International Conference on Human Perspectives in the Internet Society held in Cadiz, Spain, in 2004. The editors and contributors have addressed an impressive array of significant issues with rigorous research and insightful analysis although the resulting volume does suffer from the usual unevenness in depth and content that affects books based on conference proceedings. Although the $256 price is prohibitive for many individual scholars, the effort to obtain a library edition for perusal regarding particular areas of interest is likely to prove worthwhile. Unlike many international conferences that are able to attract scholars from only a handful of nations, this genuinely diverse conference included research conducted in Australia, Beijing, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, England, Fiji, Germany, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Norway, Russia, Scotland, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United States. The expense of a conference format and governmental travel restrictions may have precluded greater inclusion of the work being done to develop information technology for use in nonindustrialized nations in support of economic, social justice, and political movements. Although the cultural variants among these nations preclude direct cross-cultural comparisons, many papers carefully provide sufficient background information to make basic conceptual transfers possible. A great strength of the work is the unusual combination of academic disciplines that contributes substantially to the depth of many individual papers, particularly when they are read within the larger context of the entire volume. Although complete professional affiliations are not universally available, the authors who did name their affiliation come from widely divergent disciplines including accounting, business administration, architecture, business computing, communication, computing, economics, educational technology, environmental management, experimental psychology, gender research in computer science, geography, human work sciences, humanistic informatics, industrial engineering, information management, informatics in transport and telecommunications, information science, information technology, management, mathematics, organizational behavior, pedagogy, psychology, telemedicine, and women's education. This is all to the good, but the lack of representation from departments of women's studies, gender studies, and library studies certainly limits the breadth and depth of the perspectives provided.
The editorial and peer review processes appear to be slightly spotty in application. All of the 55 papers are in English but a few of them are in such need of basic editing that they are almost incomprehensible in sections. Consider, for example, the following: "So, the meaning of region where we are studying on, should be discovered and then affect on the final plan" (p. 346). The collection shows a strong array of methodological approaches including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies; however, a few of the research efforts exhibit fundamental design flaws. Consider, for example, the study that "set[s] out to show that nurses as care-givers find it difficult to transfer any previously acquired technological skills into their work based on technology needs (p. 187). After studying 39 female and 6 male nurses, this study finds, not surprisingly, exactly what it "set out" to find. Rather than noting the limitations of sample size and data gathering techniques, the paper firmly concludes that nurses can be technologists "only in areas of technology that support their primary role as carers" (p. 188). Finally, some of the papers do not report on original research but are competent, if brief, summaries of theories or concepts that are covered in equal depth elsewhere. For example, a three-page summary of "the major personality and learning theories" (p. 3) is useful but lacks the intellectual depth or insight needed to contribute substantially to the field. These problems with composition, methodological rigor, and theoretical depth are not uncommon in papers designed for a broadly defined conference theme. The authors may have been writing for an in-person audience and anticipating thoughtful postpresentation discussions; they probably had no idea of the heavy price tag put on their work. The editors, however, might have kept that $256 in mind and exercised a heavier editorial hand. Perhaps the publisher could have paid for a careful subject indexing of the work as a substantive addition to the author index provided. The complexity of the subject domains included in the volume certainly merits careful indexing.
The volume is organized into 13 sections, each of which contains between two and eight conference papers. As with most conferences, the papers do not cover the issues in each section with equal weight or depth but the editors have grouped papers into reasonable patterns. Section 1 covers "understanding online behavior" with eight papers on problems such as e-learning attitudes, the neuropsychology of HCI, Japanese blogger motivation, and the dividing line between computer addiction and high engagement. Sections 2 (personality and computer attitudes), 3 (cyber interactions), and 4 (new interaction methods) each contain only two papers on topics such as helmet-mounted displays, online energy audits, and the use of ICT in family life. Sections 6, 7, and 8 focus on gender issues with papers on career development, the computer literacy of Malaysian women, mentoring, gaming, and faculty job satisfaction. Sections 9 and 10 move to a broader examination of cyber society and its diversity concerns with papers on cultural identity, virtual architecture, economic growth's impact on culture, and Iranian development impediments. Section 11's two articles on advertising might well have been merged with those of section 13's ebusiness. Section 12 addressed education with papers on topics such as computer-assisted homework, assessment, and Web-based learning. It would have been useful to introduce each section with a brief definition of the theme, summaries of the major contributions of the authors, and analyses of the gaps that might be addressed in future conferences. Despite the aforementioned concerns, this volume does provide a uniquely rich array of technological analyses embedded in social context. An examination of recent works in related areas finds nothing that is this complex culturally or that has such diversity of disciplines. Cultural Production in a Digital Age (Klinenberg, 2005), Perspectives and Policies on ICT in Society (Berleur & Avgerou, 2005), and Social, Ethical, and Policy Implications of Information Technology (Brennan & Johnson, 2004) address various aspects of the society/Internet intersection but this volume is unique in its coverage of psychology, gender, and culture issues in cyberspace. The lip service often given to global concerns and the value of interdisciplinary analysis of intransigent social problems seldom develop into a genuine willingness to listen to unfamiliar research paradigms. Academic silos and cultural islands need conferences like this one-willing to take on the risk of examining the large questions in an intellectually open space. Editorial and methodological concerns notwithstanding, this volume merits review and, where appropriate, careful consideration across disciplines."

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2006, held in Alicante, Spain in September 2006. The 36 revised full papers presented together with the extended abstracts of 18 demo papers and 15 revised poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 159 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on architectures, preservation, retrieval, applications, methodology, metadata, evaluation, user studies, modeling, audiovisual content, and language technologies.

Content

Inhalt u.a.: Architectures I Preservation Retrieval - The Use of Summaries in XML Retrieval / Zoltdn Szldvik, Anastasios Tombros, Mounia Laimas - An Enhanced Search Interface for Information Discovery from Digital Libraries / Georgia Koutrika, Alkis Simitsis - The TIP/Greenstone Bridge: A Service for Mobile Location-Based Access to Digital Libraries / Annika Hinze, Xin Gao, David Bainbridge Architectures II Applications Methodology Metadata Evaluation User Studies Modeling Audiovisual Content Language Technologies - Incorporating Cross-Document Relationships Between Sentences for Single Document Summarizations / Xiaojun Wan, Jianwu Yang, Jianguo Xiao - Semantic Web Techniques for Multiple Views on Heterogeneous Collections: A Case Study / Marjolein van Gendt, Antoine Isaac, Lourens van der Meij, Stefan Schlobach Posters - A Tool for Converting from MARC to FRBR / Trond Aalberg, Frank Berg Haugen, Ole Husby

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2003, held in Trondheim, Norway in August 2003. The 39 revised full papers and 8 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 161 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on uses, users, and user interfaces; metadata applications; annotation and recommendation; automatic classification and indexing; Web technologies; topical crawling and subject gateways; architectures and systems; knowledge organization; collection building and management; information retrieval; digital preservation; and indexing and searching of special documents and collection information.

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Date

27.11.2005 18:04:22

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Footnote

With both context and topic richly introduced, Waesche presents his research in two parts, the first of which outlines what he calls the Global Opportunity while the second details the National Political Economy. In the first part, the rapid global diffusion of the Internet is discussed with a special emphasis an the role of the U.S. government, which significantly fostered the fast pace of growth. Designed as the unifying network of networks, the Internet addressed the specific need of interconnectivity regardless of existing network topology, architecture, speed, or vendor provenience, which was in high demand by the military, the educational, and the commercial sectors in the United States. The U.S. government-sponsored Internet architecture managed to supplant the rivaling European OSl/ISO network standardization attempts both domestically and globally due to a number of compelling technical, cost, and performance advantages. In the United States, those advantages were systematically leveraged further through the timely commercialization of the Internet, also backed by an earlier, well-crafted policy of telecommunications deregulation followed by deliberate tax exempts for Internet sales. While U.S. policy makers heavily relied an unleashing the forces of the market economy and an industry self-regulatinn for securing the success of the Internet, European policy makers were still entrenched in a tradition of regulating and standardizing before the nascent technology Gould have even demonstrated its full potential and impacts an both the economy and society at large. As a result, Internet-related infrastructures and services thrived rapidly in the United States, while they lagged behind in Europe and other parts of the world. However, as Waesche demonstrates, beyond those differing principles in policy making, when European legislators finally embarked an widespread deregulation of telecommunications, the impact of those policy changes came too late in order to establish a flourishing European Internet startup sector which Gould match its US competitors in agility, size, and global reach.
In the second part of his book, Waesche discusses the Gerrnan case in further detail. As he outlines, in this country, due to a tradition of "corporatist" and consensual decision making, entrepreneurial activity typically relies an proactive governmental policy making for setting detailed rules of the road. When in the course of the European Union's integration process national, government-controlled or -owned Post, Telephone, & Telegraph (PTT) monopolies were ordered to be dismantled and deregulated, the German federal government, as the owner of the largest PTT an the continent, opted in favor of a relatively slow and phased approach to privatization and dissection that spun over the major part of the 1990s, coinciding with the global rise of the Internet. Since the PTT managed to maintain its full control over the last mile into the new millennium, it was in a position to stifle the proliferation of the Internet via drastically increased fees for metered local calls. At that time, flat rates for Internet access were not available. To make the prospects for rapid growth even worse, the PTT, as the owner of German cable TV networks, decided to bar those networks from Internet access too. Other providers of physical network infrastructures appeared late an the scene, and play a minor role even today. Hence, accessing the Internet as a consumer or as a small-to-medium business was confined to phone lines with slow connection speeds at a prohibitively high price. As a result, the Internet had a very slow start in Germany. However, German Internet entrepreneurship was not only curtailed by weak demand, but also through insufficient capital supply. Unlike their U.S. counterparts, German Internet entrepreneurs had little or no access to a well-established and technology-savvy venture capitalist community for the most part of the 1990s. They instead had to resort to traditional instruments such as bank loans and self-financing, such that German Internet startups were undercapitalized and not geared for rapid growth. When the Neuer Markt (designed as a German NASDAQ equivalent) finally started providing capital to German Internet firms, it was rather late for helping German startups expand to a global reach. While U.S. Internet startups enjoyed a deregulated as well as an innovation- and technology-friendly domestic environment that readily provided sufficient capital supply and fostered a rapidly growing demand base, German startups had to fight an uphill battle in many respects. The domestic demand base had been artificially curtailed, deregulation had not fully unfolded, capital supply was initially weak, and a widespread mentality of embracing technological and social change was mostly absent in the German society of the 1990s. Unsurprisingly, quite a few U.S. Internet startups managed to grow into a global presence, with the strongest surviving the inevitable shakeout, while global players from Germany are missing.

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Date

22.12.2002 17:22:34

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22. 3.2008 12:21:28

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Abstract

This book introduces the most important Web technologies and shows how they can be used on today's Websites. From client development using HTML and Javascript, through to full server-side applications written in ASP and Perl, the complete web system is shown. Concentrating on immediately useful code, rather than theory, this is a how-to book Im programmers who need quick answers

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Abstract

This article seeks to address the following questions: Why do certain people, who are fully information literate with printed materials, become hesitant and even reluctant when it comes to finding something on the Internet? And why do we, information professionals, find it difficult to support them adequately? Mature users of digital information are often skeptical about the value of the Internet as a source for professional information. Over the years much has been achieved, but many prophecies of the experts on digitalization from the early hours still have not yet been fulfilled. Mature users do possess all skills needed to be digital-information literate, but they need to be assisted in specific areas where those skills are insufficient. They tend to blame themselves even if shortcomings in accessibility of digital sources and computer errors obstruct their search. Operating hardware requires a dexterity that can only be acquired by experience. Instruction should be hands-on; demonstration is far less effective. Special attention should be given to reading and interpreting navigation information on the screen and to the search strategies the Internet requires. Use of imagination and trial-and-error methods are to be recommended in this respect.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.4, S.608-609 (K.D. Desouza): "Richard Rogers explores the distinctiveness of the World Wide Web as a politically contested space where information searchers may encounter multiple explanations of reality. Sources of information on the Web are in constant competition with each other for attention. The attention a source receives will determine its prominence, the ability to be a provider of leading information, and its inclusion in authoritative spaces. Rogers explores the politics behind evaluating sources that are collected and housed on authoritative spaces. Information politics on the Web can be looked at in terms of frontend or back-end politics. Front-end politics is concerned with whether sources on the Web pay attention to principles of inclusivity, fairness, and scope of representation in how information is presented, while back-end politics examines the logic behind how search engines or portals select and index information. Concerning front-end politics, Rogers questions the various versions of reality one can derive from examining information on the Web, especially when issues of information inclusivity and scope of representation are toiled with. In addition, Rogers is concerned with how back-end politics are being controlled by dominant forces of the market (i.e., the more an organization is willing to pay, the greater will be the site's visibility and prominence in authoritative spaces), regardless of whether the information presented on the site justifies such a placement. In the book, Rogers illustrates the issues involved in back-end and front-end politics (though heavily slanted on front-end politics) using vivid cases, all of which are derived from his own research. The main thrust is the exploration of how various "information instruments," defined as "a digital and analytical means of recording (capturing) and subsequently reading indications of states of defined information streams (p. 19)," help capture the politics of the Web. Rogers employs four specific instruments (Lay Decision Support System, Issue Barometer, Web Issue Index of Civil Society, and Election Issue Tracker), which are covered in detail in core chapters of the book (Chapter 2-Chapter 5). The book is comprised of six chapters, with Chapter 1 being the traditional introduction and Chapter 6 being a summary of the major concepts discussed.
Chapter 2 examines the politics of information retrieval in the context of collaborative filtering techniques. Rogers begins by discussing the underpinnings of modern search engine design by examining medieval practices of knowledge seeking, following up with a critique of the collaborative filtering techniques. Rogers's major contention is that collaborative filtering rids us of user idiosyncrasies as search query strings, preferences, and recommendations are shared among users and without much care for the differences among them, both in terms of their innate characteristics and also their search goals. To illustrate Rogers' critiques of collaborative filtering, he describes an information searching experiment that he conducted with students at University of Vienna and University of Amsterdam. Students were asked to search for information on Viagra. As one can imagine, depending on a number of issues, not the least of which is what sources did one extract information from, a student would find different accounts of reality about Viagra, everything from a medical drug to a black-market drug ideal for underground trade. Rogers described how information on the Web differed from official accounts for certain events. The information on the Web served as an alternative reality. Chapter 3 describes the Web as a dynamic debate-mapping tool, a political instrument. Rogers introduces the "Issue Barometer," an information instrument that measures the social pressure on a topic being debated by analyzing data available from the Web. Measures used by the Issue Barometer include temperature of the issue (cold to hot), activity level of the debate (mild to intense), and territorialization (one country to many countries). The Issues Barometer is applied to an illustrative case of the public debate surrounding food safety in the Netherlands in 2001. Chapter 4 introduces "The Web Issue Index," which provides an indication of leading societal issues discussed on the Web. The empirical research on the Web Issues Index was conducted on the Genoa G8 Summit in 1999 and the anti-globalization movement. Rogers focus here was to examine the changing nature of prominent issues over time, i.e., how issues gained and lost attention and traction over time.
In Chapter 5, the "Election Issue Tracker" is introduced. The Election Issue Tracker calculates currency that is defined as "frequency of mentions of the issue terms per newspaper and across newspapers" in the three major national newspapers. The Election Issue Tracker is used to study which issues resonate with the press and which do not. As one would expect, Rogers found that not all issues that are considered important or central to a political party resonate with the press. This book contains a wealth of information that can be accessed by both researcher and practitioner. Even more interesting is the fact that researchers from a wide assortment of disciplines, from political science to information science and even communication studies, will appreciate the research and insights put forth by Rogers. Concepts presented in each chapter are thoroughly described using a wide variety of cases. Albeit all the cases are of a European flavor, mainly Dutch, they are interesting and thought-provoking. I found the descriptions of Rogers various information instruments to be very interesting. Researchers can gain from an examination of these instruments as it points to an interesting method for studying activities and behaviors on the Internet. In addition, each chapter has adequate illustrations and the bibliography is comprehensive. This book will make for an ideal supplementary text for graduate courses in information science, communication and media studies, and even political science. Like all books, however, this book had its share of shortcomings. While I was able to appreciate the content of the book, and certainly commend Rogers for studying an issue of immense significance, I found the book to be very difficult to read and parse through. The book is laden with jargon, political statements, and even has several instances of deficient writing. The book also lacked a sense of structure, and this affected the presentation of Rogers' material. I would have also hoped to see some recommendations by Rogers in terms of how should researchers further the ideas he has put forth. Areas of future research, methods for studying future problems, and even insights on what the future might hold for information politics were not given enough attention in the book; in my opinion, this was a major shortcoming. Overall, I commend Rogers for putting forth a very informative book on the issues of information politics on the Web. Information politics, especially when delivered on the communication technologies such as the Web, is going to play a vital role in our societies for a long time to come. Debates will range from the politics of how information is searched for and displayed on the Web to how the Web is used to manipulate or politicize information to meet the agendas of various entities. Richard Rogers' book will be of the seminal and foundational readings on the topic for any curious minds that want to explore these issues."