Search (9 results, page 1 of 1)

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Editor

Koch, T. u. I. Torvik Solvberg

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Content

Inhalt u.a.: Architectures I Preservation Retrieval - The Use of Summaries in XML Retrieval / Zoltdn Szldvik, Anastasios Tombros, Mounia Laimas - An Enhanced Search Interface for Information Discovery from Digital Libraries / Georgia Koutrika, Alkis Simitsis - The TIP/Greenstone Bridge: A Service for Mobile Location-Based Access to Digital Libraries / Annika Hinze, Xin Gao, David Bainbridge Architectures II Applications Methodology Metadata Evaluation User Studies Modeling Audiovisual Content Language Technologies - Incorporating Cross-Document Relationships Between Sentences for Single Document Summarizations / Xiaojun Wan, Jianwu Yang, Jianguo Xiao - Semantic Web Techniques for Multiple Views on Heterogeneous Collections: A Case Study / Marjolein van Gendt, Antoine Isaac, Lourens van der Meij, Stefan Schlobach Posters - A Tool for Converting from MARC to FRBR / Trond Aalberg, Frank Berg Haugen, Ole Husby

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Editor

Hamm, I. u. M. Machill

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.12, S.1709-1710 (Y. Awazu): "This hook presents a collection of research studies on the creation, use, and deployment of digital information. According to the editors, the goal of the book is "to present results of scientific research on (I) how digital information has to be designed, (2) how artifacts or systems containing digital content should maximize usability, and (3) how context can influence the nature and efficiency of digital communication" (p. 2). Contributors to this volume have a wide assortment of backgrounds in information science, classical studies, cognitive science, information systems, and organizational sciences. The editors did an excellent job in designing the book. Each chapter is unique in its theory and method. The editors successfully put these unique chapters into the life-cycle view of information: creation, use, and deployment. . . . I would highly recommend this book as a supplementary text for graduate classes in information science, especially those dealing with the design of information systems. It was a pleasure to read this book, and I believe that readers will certainly gain from the wealth of knowledge and insights contained in the volume."

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Date

22. 3.2008 12:21:28

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Abstract

The theme of "Organizing the Internet" brings to mind the late 1950s folk-rock singer Jimmie Rodgers's song titled "The World I Used to Know." A great many developments have transpired in the world of information science since the seminal works of S. C. Bradford, Claude Shannon, Vannevar Bush, and numerous other pioneers. To those of us who have been in the information science field for several decades, the peek-a-boo devices such as Termatrex, Mortimer Taube's Uniterm cards, and discussion of pre- and postcoordinate indexing have given way to the world of browsers, HTML, XML, and numerous other ways of coding text and multimedia. The Internet and the World Wide Web have had a profound impact on how we go about storing and retrieving information. Document integrity has become transient, with little assurance that the location, existence, or even the content of a publication will be the same tomorrow as even a few minutes ago. We are often hard-pressed to determine if the failure to retrieve a publication is one associated with network infrastructure or the publisher. The dream of universal bibliographic control seems quite remote. By being able to bypass traditional publication channels, anyone can publish virtually at will. The situation becomes more chaotic when we consider the increasing redundancy of knowledge and the rampant proliferation of misinformation and disinformation, to say nothing of social concerns with pornography, copyright violations, and other flagrant obtrusions into personal rights. Nevertheless, it behooves the information worker and the information user to make some sense of order if good information is to remain the basis of learning and decision making, and if documents are to continue as an archive of human knowledge.

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Footnote

Relational database Management systems have been one of the great success stories of recent times and sensitive to the market, Most major vendors have responded by extending their products to handle XML data while still exploiting the range of facilities that a modern RDBMS affords. No book of this type would be complete without consideration of the "big these" (Oracle 9i, DB2, and SQL Server 2000 which each get a dedicated chapter) and though occasionally overtly piece-meal and descriptive the authors all note the shortcomings as well as the strengths of the respective systems. This part of the book is somewhat dichotomous, these chapters being followed by two that propose detailed solutions to somewhat theoretical problems, a generic architecture for storing XML in a RDBMS and using an object-relational approach to building an XML repository. The biography of the author of the latter (Paul Brown) contains the curious but strangely reassuring admission that "he remains puzzled by XML." The first five components are in-depth case studies of XMLdatabase applications. Necessarily diverse, few will be interested in all the topics presented but I was particularly interested in the first case study an bioinformatics. One of the twentieth century's greatest scientific undertakings was the Human Genome Project, the quest to list the information encoded by the sequence of DNA that makes up our genes and which has been referred to as "a paradigm for information Management in the life sciences" (Pearson & Soll, 1991). After a brief introduction to molecular biology to give the background to the information management problems, the authors turn to the use of XML in bioinformatics. Some of the data are hierarchical (e.g., the Linnaean classification of a human as a primate, primates as mammals, mammals are all vertebrates, etc.) but others are far more difficult to model. The Human Genome Project is virtually complete as far as the data acquisition phase is concerned and the immense volume of genome sequence data is no longer a very significant information Management issue per se. However bioinformaticians now need to interpret this information. Some data are relatively straightforward, e.g., the positioning of genes and sequence elements (e.g., promoters) within the sequences, but there is often little or no knowledge available an the direct and indirect interactions between them. There are vast numbers of such interrelationships; many complex data types and novel ones are constantly emerging, necessitating an extensible approach and the ability to manage semi-structured data. In the past, object databases such as AceDB (Durbin & Mieg, 1991) have gone some way to Meeting these aims but it is the combination of XML and databases that more completely addresses knowledge Management requirements of bioinformatics. XML is being enthusiastically adopted with a plethora of XML markup standards being developed, as authors Direen and Jones note "The unprecedented degree and flexibility of XML in terms of its ability to capture information is what makes it ideal for knowledge Management and for use in bioinformatics."
After several detailed examples of XML, Direen and Jones discuss sequence comparisons. The ability to create scored comparisons by such techniques as sequence alignment is fundamental to bioinformatics. For example, the function of a gene product may be inferred from similarity with a gene of known function but originating from a different organism and any information modeling method must facilitate such comparisons. One such comparison tool, BLAST utilizes a heuristic method has become the tool of choice for many years and is integrated into the NeoCore XMS (XML Management System) described herein. Any set of sequences that can be identified using an XPath query may thus become the targets of an embedded search. Again examples are given, though a BLASTp (protein) search is labeled as being BLASTn (nucleotide sequence) in one of them. Some variants of BLAST are computationally intensive, e.g., tBLASTx where a nucleotide sequence is dynamically translated in all six reading frames and compared against similarly translated database sequences. Though these variants are implemented in NeoCore XMS, it would be interesting to see runtimes for such comparisons. Obviously the utility of this and the other four quite specific examples will depend an your interest in the application area but two that are more research-oriented and general follow them. These chapters (on using XML with inductive databases and an XML warehouses) are both readable critical reviews of their respective subject areas. For those involved in the implementation of performance-critical applications an examination of benchmark results is mandatory, however very few would examine the benchmark tests themselves. The picture that emerges from this section is that no single set is comprehensive and that some functionalities are not addressed by any available benchmark. As always, there is no Substitute for an intimate knowledge of your data and how it is used. In a direct comparison of an XML-enabled and a native XML database system (unfortunately neither is named), the authors conclude that though the native system has the edge in handling large documents this comes at the expense of increasing index and data file size. The need to use legacy data and software will certainly favor the all-pervasive XML-enabled RDBMS such as Oracle 9i and IBM's DB2. Of more general utility is the chapter by Schmauch and Fellhauer comparing the approaches used by database systems for the storing of XML documents. Many of the limitations of current XML-handling systems may be traced to problems caused by the semi-structured nature of the documents and while the authors have no panacea, the chapter forms a useful discussion of the issues and even raises the ugly prospect that a return to the drawing board may be unavoidable. The book concludes with an appraisal of the current status of XML by the editors that perhaps focuses a little too little an the database side but overall I believe this book to be very useful indeed. Some of the indexing is a little idiosyncratic, for example some tags used in the examples are indexed (perhaps a separate examples index would be better) and Ron Bourret's excellent web site might be better placed under "Bourret" rather than under "Ron" but this doesn't really detract from the book's qualities. The broad spectrum and careful balance of theory and practice is a combination that both database and XML professionals will find valuable."

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Classification

303.48/33 22 (LoC)

DDC

303.48/33 22 (LoC)

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Content

- Gut aufgehoben? Virtuelle Wissensnetze Das Internet mit seinen niedrigen Zugangsbarrieren, den vielfältigen Kommunikationsmodi und der relativen Anonymität bietet sich als Medium zur professionellen Beratung ebenso an wie für Selbsthilfegruppen. Welche Erfahrungen haben Praktiker in der Beratung von Hilfesuchenden machen können, welche Informationen und Ratschläge lassen sich über das Netz transportieren? Aber auch zu unproblematischeren Themen entwickeln sich Gemeinschaften, Wissensbörsen und Ratschläge-Foren. Hier stehen Expertenportale mit anscheinend vertrauenswürdigem Wissen gleichberechtigt neben Laienwissen. Risau, P. u. M. Schumacher: Online-Beratung im Netz. Hilfe oder Scharlatanerie? Schlieker, C. u. K. Lehmann: Verknüpft, Verknüpfter, Wikis Klein, A.: »Ihr Seid Voll Col«. Online-Beratung für Jugendliche Neller, M.: Geburt eines Kritikers. Wie Kunden zu Rezensenten werden Döring, N. u. S. Pöschl: Wissenskommunikation in Chats - Von der Information zum Wissen. Digitale Lernprozesse Nicht allein der Computer, auch das Medium Internet ist dabei Aus- und Weiterbildung zu verändern. In Zeiten, in denen Bildung per se in der Krise steckt, versuchen verschiedene Akteure daher Bildung zu digitalisieren: unter Geld- und Zeitdruck die Unternehmen; unter Rechtfertigungsdruck die Universitäten. Viele Chancen stecken in den neuen Möglichkeiten, viele Erfahrungen gilt es aber auch noch zu machen. Im Kapitel »Digitale Lernprozesse« werden Visionen und tatsächliche Schritte in Richtung digitaler und medial vermittelter Bildung beschrieben. Hoffmeister, K.: Von der Überflüssigkeit eines Begriffs. Bildung mit E-Learning Wischer, B.: Blühende Lernwelten. E-Learning in der Hochschullehre Müller, D.: Zwischen Realem und Virtuellem. Mixed-Reality in der technischen Bildung Payome, T.: Berufen zum Teletutor? Interview mit Kerstin Ackermann-Stommel - The New Frontier. Wissenschaft in einer neuen Welt Wissenschaft an Universitäten und Abteilungen für Forschung & Entwicklung in Unternehmen sind die Orte, an denen neues Wissen erzeugt wird. Erlangt werden die Erkenntnisse dabei zunehmend in globalen Zusammenhängen und Netzwerken. Das Internet bildet hier die kommunikative Grundlage und greift tief in die tradierten Strukturen der Wissensproduktion ein. Das Kapitel fragt nach den Herausforderungen und Chancen, die sich für Wissenschaftler durch die Netzwerkmedien ergeben. Thomas, N.: Wissenschaft in der digitalen Welt Schmidt, J.: Online-Forschung. Wissen über das Netz Schelske, A. u. P. Wippermann: Trendforschung im Netz der Zeichen Passek, O.: Open Access. Freie Erkenntnis für freie Wirtschaft Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen Plass, C.: Warum wir Online-Zeitschriften brauchen. Interview mit Katja Mruck - Bilder-Wissen. Die Macht der Oberflächen Was sozial als ästhetisch und was als erkenntnisträchtig gilt, wird durch das technische Bild ebenso neu beantwortet wie die Frage, was als »real« zu gelten hat. Der Revolution bildhafter Darstetlungs- und Wahrnehmungsweisen geht dieses Kapitel nach. Richard, B.: Bilderkrieg und Terrorismus Kamerbeek, I. u. M. Schetsche: Webism Movement. Die Netzkunst des neuen Jahrhunderts Moebius, S.: Die Wiederverzauberung der Welt in der Google-Gesellschaft Schodder, W.: Die »zufällige Mitrealität« des Computers. Interview mit Frieder Nake - Schlusswort Kuhlen, R.: Macht Google autonom? Zur Ambivalenz informationeller Autonomie