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  • × theme_ss:"Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus"
  1. Broughton, V.: Essential thesaurus construction (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Many information professionals working in small units today fail to find the published tools for subject-based organization that are appropriate to their local needs, whether they are archivists, special librarians, information officers, or knowledge or content managers. Large established standards for document description and organization are too unwieldy, unnecessarily detailed, or too expensive to install and maintain. In other cases the available systems are insufficient for a specialist environment, or don't bring things together in a helpful way. A purpose built, in-house system would seem to be the answer, but too often the skills necessary to create one are lacking. This practical text examines the criteria relevant to the selection of a subject-management system, describes the characteristics of some common types of subject tool, and takes the novice step by step through the process of creating a system for a specialist environment. The methodology employed is a standard technique for the building of a thesaurus that incidentally creates a compatible classification or taxonomy, both of which may be used in a variety of ways for document or information management. Key areas covered are: What is a thesaurus? Tools for subject access and retrieval; what a thesaurus is used for? Why use a thesaurus? Examples of thesauri; the structure of a thesaurus; thesaural relationships; practical thesaurus construction; the vocabulary of the thesaurus; building the systematic structure; conversion to alphabetic format; forms of entry in the thesaurus; maintaining the thesaurus; thesaurus software; and; the wider environment. Essential for the practising information professional, this guide is also valuable for students of library and information science.
    Footnote
    Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 60(2007) H.1, S.98-101 (O. Oberhauser): "Die Autorin von Essential thesaurus construction (and essential taxonomy construction, so der implizite Untertitel, vgl. S. 1) ist durch ihre Lehrtätigkeit an der bekannten School of Library, Archive and Information Studies des University College London und durch ihre bisherigen Publikationen auf den Gebieten (Facetten-)Klassifikation und Thesaurus fachlich einschlägig ausgewiesen. Nach Essential classification liegt nun ihr Thesaurus-Lehrbuch vor, mit rund 200 Seiten Text und knapp 100 Seiten Anhang ein handliches Werk, das seine Genese zum Grossteil dem Lehrbetrieb verdankt, wie auch dem kurzen Einleitungskapitel zu entnehmen ist. Das Buch ist der Schule von Jean Aitchison et al. verpflichtet und wendet sich an "the indexer" im weitesten Sinn, d.h. an alle Personen, die ein strukturiertes, kontrolliertes Fachvokabular für die Zwecke der sachlichen Erschliessung und Suche erstellen wollen bzw. müssen. Es möchte dieser Zielgruppe das nötige methodische Rüstzeug für eine solche Aufgabe vermitteln, was einschliesslich der Einleitung und der Schlussbemerkungen in zwanzig Kapiteln geschieht - eine ansprechende Strukturierung, die ein wohldosiertes Durcharbeiten möglich macht. Zu letzterem tragen auch die von der Autorin immer wieder gestellten Übungsaufgaben bei (Lösungen jeweils am Kapitelende). Zu Beginn der Darstellung wird der "information retrieval thesaurus" von dem (zumindest im angelsächsischen Raum) weit öfter mit dem Thesaurusbegriff assoziierten "reference thesaurus" abgegrenzt, einem nach begrifflicher Ähnlichkeit angeordneten Synonymenwörterbuch, das gerne als Mittel zur stilistischen Verbesserung beim Abfassen von (wissenschaftlichen) Arbeiten verwendet wird. Ohne noch ins Detail zu gehen, werden optische Erscheinungsform und Anwendungsgebiete von Thesauren vorgestellt, der Thesaurus als postkoordinierte Indexierungssprache erläutert und seine Nähe zu facettierten Klassifikationssystemen erwähnt. In der Folge stellt Broughton die systematisch organisierten Systeme (Klassifikation/ Taxonomie, Begriffs-/Themendiagramme, Ontologien) den alphabetisch angeordneten, wortbasierten (Schlagwortlisten, thesaurusartige Schlagwortsysteme und Thesauren im eigentlichen Sinn) gegenüber, was dem Leser weitere Einordnungshilfen schafft. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Thesauren als Mittel der Erschliessung (auch als Quelle für Metadatenangaben bei elektronischen bzw. Web-Dokumenten) und der Recherche (Suchformulierung, Anfrageerweiterung, Browsing und Navigieren) kommen ebenso zur Sprache wie die bei der Verwendung natürlichsprachiger Indexierungssysteme auftretenden Probleme. Mit Beispielen wird ausdrücklich auf die mehr oder weniger starke fachliche Spezialisierung der meisten dieser Vokabularien hingewiesen, wobei auch Informationsquellen über Thesauren (z.B. www.taxonomywarehouse.com) sowie Thesauren für nicht-textuelle Ressourcen kurz angerissen werden.
    In einem abschliessenden Kapitel geht das Buch auf Thesauruspflege und -verwaltung ein, wobei auch das Thema "Thesaurussoftware" angerissen wird - letzteres vielleicht ein wenig zu kurz. Erst hier mag manchem unbefangenen Leser bewusst werden, dass die in den vorhergehenden Kapiteln dargestellte Methodik eigentlich ohne den Einsatz dezidierter Software besprochen wurde, ja vielleicht auch so besprochen werden musste, um ein entsprechendes Verständnis herzustellen. In der nachfolgenden zweiseitigen Conclusio wird erwähnt, dass die britische Norm Structured Vocabularies for Information Retrieval (BS 8723) vor einer Neufassung stehe - was den Rezensenten darauf hinzuweisen gemahnt, dass sich dieses Buch natürlich ausschliesslich auf den anglo-amerikanischen Sprachraum und die dort geltenden Thesaurus-Gepflogenheiten bezieht. Der relativ umfangreiche Anhang beinhaltet ausser Materialie zum erwähnten Demonstrationsbeispiel auch ein nützliches Glossarium sowie ein professionell gefertigtes Sachregister. Literaturhinweise werden - in sparsamer Dosierung - jeweils am Ende der einzelnen Kapitel gegeben, sodass sich die "Bibliography" am Ende des Buches auf einige Normen und zwei Standardwerke beschränken kann. Realistisch betrachtet, darf vermutlich nicht davon ausgegangen werden, dass Leser, die dieses Buch durchgearbeitet haben, sogleich in der Lage sein werden, eigenständig einen Thesaurus zu erstellen. Ein Lehrbuch allein kann weder einen Kurs noch die praktische Erfahrung ersetzen, die für eine solche Tätigkeit vonnöten sind. Ich kann mir aber gut vorstellen, dass die Kenntnis der in diesem Buch vermittelten Inhalte sehr wohl in die Lage versetzt, in einem Team, das einen Thesaurus erstellen soll, kompetent mitzuarbeiten, mit den Konzepten und Fachtermini zurechtzukommen und selbst konstruktive Beiträge zu leisten. Ausserdem erscheint mir das Werk hervorragend als Begleitmaterial zu einer Lehrveranstaltung geeignet - oder auch als Grundlage für die Planung einer solchen. Ein britischer Einführungstext eben, im besten Sinne."
    Weitere Rez. in: New Library World 108(2007) nos.3/4, S.190-191 (K.V. Trickey): "Vanda has provided a very useful work that will enable any reader who is prepared to follow her instruction to produce a thesaurus that will be a quality language-based subject access tool that will make the task of information retrieval easier and more effective. Once again I express my gratitude to Vanda for producing another excellent book." - Electronic Library 24(2006) no.6, S.866-867 (A.G. Smith): "Essential thesaurus construction is an ideal instructional text, with clear bullet point summaries at the ends of sections, and relevant and up to date references, putting thesauri in context with the general theory of information retrieval. But it will also be a valuable reference for any information professional developing or using a controlled vocabulary." - KO 33(2006) no.4, S.215-216 (M.P. Satija)
    LCSH
    Information organization
    Subject
    Information organization
  2. Schmitz-Esser, W.: Gedankenraumreisen : neue Thesaurusstrukturen, multimedial präsentiert, machen Anregung, Spielen, Lernen, Finden möglich für jedermann (2000) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Zahlreich sind die Versuche, Strukturen begrifflicher Relationen, wie sie in Thesauren niedergelegt sind, durch Visualisierung verständlicher zu machen, doch nirgends ist das bisher in überzeugender Weise gelungen. Damit blieb der Gebrauch von Thesauri durchweg auf Fachleute (Dokumentare) verwiesen und eine Anwendung in der Breite fand nicht statt. Mit den neuen Möglichkeiten visueller und auditiver Darstellung, wie sie nun die Informationstechnologie bietet, läßt sich das ändern. Berichtet wird über ein Projekt im Zusammenhang mit der EXP02000, bei dem versucht wird, bisher weitgehend ungenutzte Potentiale von Thesauri für die Interaktion am Computer zu nutzen. Akteur am Point of Information ist dabei jeder Interessierte, gleich ob Laie oder Fachmann, Gegenstand der Strukturierung die Welt im Jahre 2000, Zugangssprache die Sprache der allgemeinen Kommunikation. Einsicht in die begrifflichen Strukturen in dem Sinne, daß man sie versteht, ist nicht erforderlich, die multimediale Präsentation ermöglicht sensitives Erfassen und nähert sich gewohntem intuitiven Umgang mit Begrifflichkeiten. Jedermann kann so durch den Gedankenraum "reisen", sinnvollen Verknüpfungen und Wirkketten nachspüren, begriffliche Klärung und Einsichten gewinnen, für den Begriff das richtige Wort finden. Bei solch einer Reise wird er zugleich auch auf überraschende Zusammenhänge stoßen. Der Sprung in die Quellen wird von jedem angesteuerten Punkt aus möglich. Die Grenzen des herkömmlichen Information Retrieval zerfließen damit und öffnen sich hin zu neuen, bisher vernachlässigten Räumen: dem Erleben, der Anregung, dem sinnvollen Spiel, der Überraschung, dem unterhaltsamen Lernen
  3. Amirhosseini, M.: Quantitative evaluation of the movement from complexity toward simplicity in the structure of thesaurus descriptors (2015) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The concepts of simplicity and complexity play major roles in information storage and retrieval in knowledge organizations. This paper reports an investigation of these concepts in the structure of descriptors. The main purpose of simplicity is to decrease the number of words in the construction of descriptors as this idea affects semantic relations, recall and precision. ISO 25964 has affirmed the purpose of simplicity by requiring splitting compound terms into simpler concepts. This work aims to elaborate the standard methods of evaluation by providing a more detailed evaluation of the descriptors structure and identifying effective factors in simplicity and complexity results in the structure of thesauri descriptors. The research population is taken from the descriptors of the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (CAB) Thesaurus, the Persian Cultural Thesaurus (ASFA) and the Chemical Thesaurus. This research was conducted using the statistical and content analysis method. In this research we propose a new quantitative approach as well as novel indicators and indices involving Simplicity and Factoring Ratios to evaluate the descriptors structure. The results will be useful in the verification, selection and maintenance purposes in knowledge organizations and the inquiry method can be further developed in the field of ontology evaluation.
    Source
    Malaysian journal of library and information science. 20(2015), no.3, S.47-62
  4. Maniez, J.: Relationships in thesauri : some critical remarks (1988) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    After reviewing some fundamental distinctions in relationships (paradigmatic/sytagmatic, interconceptual/ structural) the author proposes a functional approach for investigating the relationships in thesauri. The comparison between three closely related types of semantic fields (lexical, conceptual, thesaural) shows the specific function of relationships in all of these intellectual tools. In information retrieval the two main functions are location of relevant concepts and search of exhaustivity. a clear distinction of these aims can contribute to solving the difficult problem of the choice of 'related terms'. It is suggested that their usefulness relies upon empirical rather than upon semantic proximity. Some practical propositions are amde for the choice and display of relationships in thesauri
  5. Rada, R.: Connecting and evaluating thesauri : issues and cases (1987) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Connecting and evaluating thesauri is an important task for the systematic development of better information retrieval systems. Connecting thesauri includes not only determining when terms in different thesauri are the same but also determining what kinds of relationships can be transferred from one thesaurus to another. This paper first presents issues in connecting and evaluating thesauri. Various experiments in connecting a particular thesaurus, the Medical Subject Headings, with other medical thesauri are described. In these experiments, similar terms in two thesauri are recognized and then differences in two thesauri are exploited to create more powerful thesauri. Part of the evaluation requires the thesaurus to support automatic indexing and retrieving of documents
  6. Schmitz-Esser, W.: New approaches in thesaurus application (1991) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    To show the difference and explain the move to a new kind of thesauri in the information science area, some of the main characteristics of conventional thesauri are pointed out as well as their side-effects. The new approaches for thesauri apllication are seen to exist in (1) expert systems, (2) interface systems, (3) object oriented design and programming, (4) hypertext systems, (5) machine translation, and (6) machine abstracting. These areas are shortly described including also the new problem which they might create. A discussion of the limitations of the new thesaurus application areas finishes the article which challenges, finally, an awareness to meet the new possibilities of a thesaural retrieval
  7. Jones, S.; Gatford, M.; Robertson, S.; Hancock-Beaulieu, M.; Secker, J.; Walker, S.: Interactive thesaurus navigation : intelligence rules OK? (1995) 0.00 
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    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(1995) no.1, S.52-59
  8. Sator, K.: ¬Die Pressedokumentation beim Deutschen Bundestag : Probleme der Einführung eines Thesaurus (1998) 0.00 
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    Source
    nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 49(1998) H.6, S.353-360
  9. Chmielewska-Gorczycy, E.: Funkcje tezaurusa w systemie informacy jno-wyszzukiwawczm (1995) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Übers. d. Titels: Functions of thesaurus in information retrievals systems
  10. Stys, T.; Klos, J.; Kunkel, P.: Thesauri entwickeln und anwenden mit MIDOSThesaurus (2003) 0.00 
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    Source
    Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 54(2003) H.5, S.273-280
  11. Semenova, E.: Dokumentationssprache - ja oder nein? : Der Weg zur Entscheidung (2006) 0.00 
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    Source
    Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 57(2006) H.3, S.157-161
  12. Boteram, F.: Semantische Relationen in Dokumentationssprachen : vom Thesaurus zum semantischen Netz (2008) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Moderne Verfahren des Information Retrieval verlangen nach aussagekräftigen und detailliert relationierten Dokumentationssprachen. Der selektive Transfer einzelner Modellierungsstrategien aus dem Bereich semantischer Technologien für die Gestaltung und Relationierung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen wird diskutiert. Am Beispiel des Gegenstandsbereichs "Theater" der Schlagwortnormdatei wird ein hierarchisch strukturiertes Relationeninventar definiert, welches sowohl hinreichend allgemeine als auch zahlreiche spezifische Relationstypen enthält, welche eine detaillierte und damit funktionale Relationierung des Vokabulars ermöglichen. Die Relationierung des Gegenstandsbereichs wird als Ontologie im OWL-Format modelliert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ansätzen und Überlegungen zur Schaffung von Relationeninventaren entwickelt der vorgestellte Vorschlag das Relationeninventar aus der Begriffsmenge eines vorgegebenen Gegenstandsbereichs heraus. Das entwickelte Inventar wird als eine hierarchisch strukturierte Taxonomie gestaltet, was einen Zugewinn an Übersichtlichkeit und Funktionalität bringt.
  13. Will, L.: Thesaurus management software (2009) 0.00 
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    Source
    Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
  14. Gastmeyer, M.; Wannags, M.-M.; Neubert, J.: Relaunch des Standard-Thesaurus Wirtschaft : Dynamik in der Wissensrepräsentation (2016) 0.00 
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    Source
    Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 67(2016) H.4, S.217-240
  15. Moreira, A.; Alvarenga, L.; Paiva Oliveira, A. de: "Thesaurus" and "Ontology" : a study of the definitions found in the computer and information science literature (2004) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This is a comparative analysis of the term ontology, used in the computer science domain, with the term thesaurus, used in the information science domain. The aim of the study is to establish the main convergence points of these two knowledge representation instruments and to point out their differences. In order to fulfill this goal an analytical-Synthetic method was applied to extract the meaning underlying each of the selected definitions of the instruments. The definitions were obtained from texts weIl accepted by the research community from both areas. The definitions were applied to a KWIC system in order to rotate the terms that were examined qualitatively and quantitatively. We concluded that thesauri and ontologies operate at the same knowledge level, the epistemological level, in spite of different origins and purposes.
    Content
    "Thesaurus" definitions taken from the information science literature "A thesaurus is a controlled vocabulary arranged in a known order and structured so that equivalence, homographic, hierarchical, and associative relationships among terms are displayed clearly and identified by standardized relationship indicators that are employed reciprocally." (ANSI/NISO Z39-19-1993) "Thesaurus is a specialized, normalized, postcoordinate language used for documentaries means, where the linguistic elements that composes it - single or composed terms - are related among themselves syntactically and semantically." (Translated into English by the authors from the original in Portuguese: Currás 1995, 88.) "[...] an authority file, which can lead the user from one concept to another via various heuristic or intuitive paths." (Howerton 1965 apud Gilchrist 1971, 5) " [...] is a lexical authority list, without notation, which differs from an alphabetical subject heading list in that the lexical units, being smaller, are more amenable to post-coordinate indexing." (Gilchrist 1971,2) [...] "a dynamic controlled vocabulary of terms related semantically and by generic relation covering a specific knowledge domain." (Translated into English by the authors from the original in Portuguese: UNESCO 1973, 6.) [...] "a terminological control device used in the translation of the natural language of the documents, from the indexers or from the users in a more restricted system language (documentation language, information language)." (Translated into English by the authors from the original in Portuguese: UNESCO 1973,6.)
    "Ontologies" definitions taken from the computer science literature "[...] ontology is a representation vocabulary, often specialized to some domain or subject matter." (Chandrasekaran et al. 1999, 1) "[...] ontology is sometimes used to refer to a body of knowledge describing some domain, typically a commonsense knowledge domain, using a representation vocabulary." (Chandrasekaran et al. 1999, 1) "An ontology is a declarative model of the terms and relationships in a domain." (Eriksson et al. 1994, 1) " [...] an ontology is the (unspecified) conceptual system which we may assume to underlie a particular knowledge base." (Guarino and Giaretta 1995, 1) Ontology as a representation of a conceptual system via a logical theory". (Guarino and Giaretta 1995, 1) "An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization." (Gruber 1993, 1) "[...] An ontology is a formal description of entities and their properties, relationships, constraints, behaviors." (Gruninger and Fox 1995, 1) "An ontology is set of terms, associated with definitions in natural language and, if possible, using formal relations and constraints, about some domain of interest ..." (Hovy 1998, 2) "Fach Ontology is a set of terms of interest in a particular information domain, expressed using DL ..." (Mena et al. 1996, 3) "[...] An ontology is a hierarchically structured set of terms for describing a domain that can be used as a skeletal foundation for a knowledge base." (Swartout et al. 1996, 1) "An ontology may take a variety of forms, but necessarily it will include a vocabulary of terms and some specification of their meaning." (Uschold 1996,3) "Ontologies are agreements about shared conceptualizations." (Uschold and Grunninger 1996, 6) "[...] a vocabulary of terms and a specification of their relationships." (Wiederhold 1994, 6)
  16. Wasen, S.: Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Telecom-Thesaurus (2001) 0.00 
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    Source
    Information Research & Content Management: Orientierung, Ordnung und Organisation im Wissensmarkt; 23. DGI-Online-Tagung der DGI und 53. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis e.V. DGI, Frankfurt am Main, 8.-10.5.2001. Proceedings. Hrsg.: R. Schmidt
  17. Boteram, F.: Semantische Relationen in Dokumentationssprachen : vom Thesaurus zum semantischen Netz (2008) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Moderne Verfahren des Information Retrieval verlangen nach aussagekräftigen und detailliert relationierten Dokumentationssprachen. Der selektive Transfer einzelner Modellierungsstrategien aus dem Bereich semantischer Technologien für die Gestaltung und Relationierung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen wird diskutiert. Am Beispiel des Gegenstandsbereichs "Theater" der Schlagwortnormdatei wird ein hierarchisch strukturiertes Relationeninventar definiert, welches sowohl hinreichend allgemeine als auch zahlreiche spezifische Relationstypen enthält, welche eine detaillierte und damit funktionale Relationierung des Vokabulars ermöglichen. Die Relationierung des Gegenstandsbereichs wird als Ontologie im OWL-Format modelliert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ansätzen und Überlegungen zur Schaffung von Relationeninventaren entwickelt der vorgestellte Vorschlag das Relationeninventar aus der Begriffsmenge eines vorgegebenen Gegenstandsbereichs heraus. Das entwickelte Inventar wird als eine hierarchisch strukturierte Taxonomie gestaltet, was einen Zugewinn an Übersichtlichkeit und Funktionalität bringt.
  18. Shiri, A.A.; Revie, C.: End-user interaction with thesauri : an evaluation of cognitive overlap in search term selection (2004) 0.00 
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    Source
    Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine
  19. Dextre Clarke, S.G.: Planning controlled vocabularies for the UK public sector (2003) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    In the UK, the aim to make public sector information much more available to the citizen has led to establishment of an "e-Govemment Interoperability Framework" based an a set of core standards. Among the standards is a controlled vocabulary, known as the Govemment Category List (GCL), used to select keywords for the metadata of all electronic resources originating from central or local govemment. The GCL is a small and simple taxonomy, designed to facilitate high-level browsing rather than deep searching. Specialized thesauri for particular subject areas may optionally complement the GCL. To ease the indexing burden, GCL terms will often be selected by direct mapping from the specialized vocabularies.
  20. Nielsen, M.L.; Eslau, A.G.; Lundbeck, H.: Corporate thesauri - how to ensure integration of knowledge and reflections of diversity (2003) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper evaluates and compares three thesaurus construction methodologies: literary scanning, word association tests, and involvement of subject expert groups. The evaluation concentrates an exploring advantages in relation to the sub-processes: collection, formation and structuring of concepts and terms. Quantitative as well as qualitative analyses have been carried out. The analysis Shows that the methods are complementary each providing distinct conceptual information from respectively a domain-oriented and a scientific viewpoint. The combination of methods provides a thesaurus, at the same time, mapping authoritative language and reflecting the diversity of language.

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