-
Haas, S.W.: Natural language processing : toward large-scale, robust systems (1996)
0.02
0.023447776 = product of:
0.05861944 = sum of:
0.038846903 = product of:
0.077693805 = sum of:
0.077693805 = weight(_text_:problems in 7415) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.077693805 = score(doc=7415,freq=4.0), product of:
0.15058853 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.5159344 = fieldWeight in 7415, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7415)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.019772539 = product of:
0.039545078 = sum of:
0.039545078 = weight(_text_:22 in 7415) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.039545078 = score(doc=7415,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12776221 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 7415, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7415)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.4 = coord(2/5)
- Abstract
- State of the art review of natural language processing updating an earlier review published in ARIST 22(1987). Discusses important developments that have allowed for significant advances in the field of natural language processing: materials and resources; knowledge based systems and statistical approaches; and a strong emphasis on evaluation. Reviews some natural language processing applications and common problems still awaiting solution. Considers closely related applications such as language generation and th egeneration phase of machine translation which face the same problems as natural language processing. Covers natural language methodologies for information retrieval only briefly
-
Sabourin, C.F. (Bearb.): Computational linguistics in information science : bibliography (1994)
0.01
0.011826291 = product of:
0.05913145 = sum of:
0.05913145 = product of:
0.1182629 = sum of:
0.1182629 = weight(_text_:etc in 8280) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.1182629 = score(doc=8280,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19761753 = queryWeight, product of:
5.4164915 = idf(docFreq=533, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.5984434 = fieldWeight in 8280, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.4164915 = idf(docFreq=533, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8280)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Abstract
- The bibliography covers information retrieval (2100 refs.), fulltext (890) or conceptual (60), automatic indexing (930), information extraction (520), query languages (1090), etc.; altogether 6390 references, fully indexed
-
Sabourin, C.F. (Bearb.): Computational lexicology and lexicography : bibliography (1994)
0.01
0.011826291 = product of:
0.05913145 = sum of:
0.05913145 = product of:
0.1182629 = sum of:
0.1182629 = weight(_text_:etc in 8871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.1182629 = score(doc=8871,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19761753 = queryWeight, product of:
5.4164915 = idf(docFreq=533, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.5984434 = fieldWeight in 8871, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.4164915 = idf(docFreq=533, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8871)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Abstract
- The bibliography comprises altogether 5910 references on: dictionaries production (1380 refs.), thesauri (680), term banks (680), analysis dictionaries (1230), transfer dictionaries (140), generation dictionaries (60), lexical database / machine readable dictionaries (550) lexical semantics (780), lexical grammar (119) etc.
-
Metz, A.: Community service : a bibliography (1996)
0.01
0.007909016 = product of:
0.039545078 = sum of:
0.039545078 = product of:
0.079090156 = sum of:
0.079090156 = weight(_text_:22 in 5341) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.079090156 = score(doc=5341,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12776221 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 5341, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5341)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Date
- 17.10.1996 14:22:33
-
Stone, A.T.: That elusive concept of 'aboutness' : the year's work in subject analysis, 1992 (1993)
0.01
0.0054937815 = product of:
0.027468907 = sum of:
0.027468907 = product of:
0.054937813 = sum of:
0.054937813 = weight(_text_:problems in 5353) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054937813 = score(doc=5353,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15058853 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.36482072 = fieldWeight in 5353, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5353)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Abstract
- Interest in classification theory and in facet-based systems was more evident during 1992, the year that marked the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Ranganathan. Efforts to simplify subject cataloging routines include exploration of automatic and semiautomatic methods. Solutions to online subject searching problems might be shifting to the domains of information-retrieval experts. The 1992 subject analysis literature is examined and described using the following categories: theoretical foundations, cataloging practices, subject analysis in online environments, and specialized materials and topics
-
Bell, L.A.: Gaining access to visual information : theory analysis and practice of determining subjects; a review of the literature with descriptive abstracts (1994)
0.01
0.0054937815 = product of:
0.027468907 = sum of:
0.027468907 = product of:
0.054937813 = sum of:
0.054937813 = weight(_text_:problems in 724) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054937813 = score(doc=724,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15058853 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.36482072 = fieldWeight in 724, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=724)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Abstract
- An abridged version of the 1993 Gerd Muehsam Award paper. Discusses the problems of accessing art information and outlines the following features of the literature review: its form scope and intent. The review covers the following topics: Subject access theory and application; tools; projects and programmes; and technology and information theory
-
Osareh, F.: Bibliometrics, citation analysis and co-citation analysis : a review of literature II (1996)
0.01
0.0054937815 = product of:
0.027468907 = sum of:
0.027468907 = product of:
0.054937813 = sum of:
0.054937813 = weight(_text_:problems in 7105) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054937813 = score(doc=7105,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15058853 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.36482072 = fieldWeight in 7105, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7105)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Abstract
- Part 2 of a 2 part article reviewing the technique of bibliometrics and one of its most widely used methods, citation analysis. Reports on studies of author co-citation, periodical by periodical citation analysis and country by country citation analysis in addition to the mapping of science as an application of citation analysis. Considers the limitations, problems and reliability of citation analysis
-
Rader, H.B.: Library orientation and instruction - 1993 (1994)
0.00
0.004943135 = product of:
0.024715675 = sum of:
0.024715675 = product of:
0.04943135 = sum of:
0.04943135 = weight(_text_:22 in 209) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04943135 = score(doc=209,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12776221 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 209, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=209)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Source
- Reference services review. 22(1994) no.4, S.81-
-
Harter, S.P.; Hert, C.A.: Evaluation of information retrieval systems : approaches, issues, and methods (1997)
0.00
0.0048070587 = product of:
0.024035294 = sum of:
0.024035294 = product of:
0.048070587 = sum of:
0.048070587 = weight(_text_:problems in 2264) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.048070587 = score(doc=2264,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15058853 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.31921813 = fieldWeight in 2264, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2264)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Abstract
- State of the art review of information retrieval systems, defined as systems retrieving documents a sopposed to numerical data. Explains the classic Cranfield studies that have served as a standard for retrieval testing since the 1960s and discusses the Cranfield model and its relevance based measures of retrieval effectiveness. Details sosme of the problems with the Cranfield instruments and issues of validity and reliability, generalizability, usefulness and basic concepts. Discusses the evaluation of the Internet search engines in light of the Cranfield model, noting the very real differences between batch systems (Cranfield) and interactive systems (Internet). Because the Internet collection is not fixed, it is impossible to determine recall as a measure of retrieval effectiveness. considers future directions in evaluating information retrieval systems
-
White, H.D.; McCain, K.W.: Visualization of literatures (1997)
0.00
0.0048070587 = product of:
0.024035294 = sum of:
0.024035294 = product of:
0.048070587 = sum of:
0.048070587 = weight(_text_:problems in 2291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.048070587 = score(doc=2291,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15058853 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.31921813 = fieldWeight in 2291, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2291)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Abstract
- State of the art review of recent models of literatures that offer visual clues to relationships among writings that are often based term occurences and co-occurences. Considers the advantages of 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional displays of relationships over other models; bibliographic models; editorial models; bibliometric models; user models; and synthetic models. Discusses the online visualization and offline visualizations and the problems of visualizing changing literatures in a static medium, such as hard copy print. Argues that insufficient attention has been paid to user friendly visual design with the related questions of new capabilities and scaling up to larger collections. Concludes with the hope that, in future, the same visualization interface used for bibliographic domain analysis will be used for document retrieval
-
Bergeron, P.: Information resources management (1996)
0.00
0.0041203364 = product of:
0.02060168 = sum of:
0.02060168 = product of:
0.04120336 = sum of:
0.04120336 = weight(_text_:problems in 7364) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04120336 = score(doc=7364,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15058853 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.27361554 = fieldWeight in 7364, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=7364)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Abstract
- State of the art review of the concept and practice of information resources management (IRM), particularly during the period 1986 to 1995. Notes the emergence of 2 approaches: the technological view emphasizing the technical aspect of IRM; and the integrative view which considers IRM as a convergent approach to information problems. Identifies the perceived barriers to IRM implementation: lack of well defined IRM concepts, practices, guidelines and tools; failure of organizations to perceive information as a resource; lack of measurement of information costs and value; and resistance to organizational change, such as the modification of organizational structures, policies, procedures, and the new roles for information professionals. Concludes by suggesting that there is a trend toward an integrative approach to IRM in terms of value added processes and considers whether IRM is finding its way as a discipline or subdiscipline within information science
-
Thiele, H.: ¬The Dublin Core and Warwick framework : a review of the literature, March 1995 - September 1997 (1998)
0.00
0.0041203364 = product of:
0.02060168 = sum of:
0.02060168 = product of:
0.04120336 = sum of:
0.04120336 = weight(_text_:problems in 1254) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04120336 = score(doc=1254,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15058853 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.27361554 = fieldWeight in 1254, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1254)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Abstract
- The purpose of this essay is to identify and explore the dynamics of the literature associated with the Dublin Core Workshop Series. The essay opens by identifying the problems that the Dublin Core Workshop Series is addressing, the status of the Internet at the time of the first workshop, and the contributions each workshop has made to the ongoing discussion. The body of the essay describes the characteristics of the literature, highlights key documents, and identifies the major researchers. The essay closes with evaluation of the literary trends and considerations of future research directions. The essay concludes that a shift from a descriptive emphasis to a more empirical form of literature is about to take place. Future research questions are identified in the areas of satisfying searcher needs, the impact of surrogate descriptions on search engine performance, and the effectiveness of surrogate descriptions in authenticating Internet resources.
-
Hsueh, D.C.: Recon road maps : retrospective conversion literature, 1980-1990 (1992)
0.00
0.003954508 = product of:
0.019772539 = sum of:
0.019772539 = product of:
0.039545078 = sum of:
0.039545078 = weight(_text_:22 in 2193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.039545078 = score(doc=2193,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12776221 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 2193, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2193)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 14(1992) nos.3/4, S.5-22
-
Gabbard, R.: Recent literature shows accelerated growth in hypermedia tools : an annotated bibliography (1994)
0.00
0.003954508 = product of:
0.019772539 = sum of:
0.019772539 = product of:
0.039545078 = sum of:
0.039545078 = weight(_text_:22 in 8460) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.039545078 = score(doc=8460,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12776221 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 8460, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8460)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Source
- Reference services review. 22(1994) no.2, S.31-40
-
Buckland, M.K.; Liu, Z.: History of information science (1995)
0.00
0.003954508 = product of:
0.019772539 = sum of:
0.019772539 = product of:
0.039545078 = sum of:
0.039545078 = weight(_text_:22 in 4226) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.039545078 = score(doc=4226,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12776221 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 4226, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4226)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Date
- 13. 6.1996 19:22:20
-
Singh, S. (Sewa); Singh, S. (Sukhbir): Colon Classification : a select bibliography (1992)
0.00
0.0027468908 = product of:
0.013734453 = sum of:
0.013734453 = product of:
0.027468907 = sum of:
0.027468907 = weight(_text_:problems in 1479) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.027468907 = score(doc=1479,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15058853 = queryWeight, product of:
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.036484417 = queryNorm
0.18241036 = fieldWeight in 1479, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.1274753 = idf(docFreq=1937, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1479)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.2 = coord(1/5)
- Content
- Inhalt: General Classification, Colon Classification, Edition7, Philosophy, Conference, Literature Survey, Features, History. Countries and Areas , Theoru, Design of Classification, Classification Problems , Research in Classification, Trends in Classification, Depth Classification, Automatic Classification, Uses of Classification, Practical Classification, Application of Classification, Standards, Glossary.Teminology, classification and Reference Service, Classificationand Documentation, Classification and Communication, Classification and Retrieval, Comparison to Other Schemes, Canons, Isolates, Common Isolates , Space Isolates, Time Isolates, Special Isolates, Postulates, Fundamental Categories, Facet Formula, Optionl Facets, Rounds and Levels, Basic Subjects, Notation and Symbols, Array and Chanin, Devices, Mnemonics, Phase Relation, Systems and Specials, Book Number, Cooperative Calssification, Teaching of Classification, Classification of Specific Subjects, Book Science, Bibliography, Library and Information Science, Classification, Cataloguing, Mathematics, Cybernetics, Engineering, Computer, Chemistry, Crystallography, Technology. Food Technology, Corrosion, Parasitism, Geology , Agriculture, Zoology, Animal Husbandry, Medicine, Useful Arts, Military Science, Creative Arts, Aiterature, Sanskrit, Marathi, Tamil, Calssics, Linguistics, Philosophy, Ssocial Science, Geography, Maps, History , Political Science, Economics, Sociology, Law,
