-
Weihs, J.: Three tales of multilingual cataloguing (1998)
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- Date
- 2. 8.2001 8:55:22
-
Timotin, A.: Multilingvism si tezaure de concepte (1994)
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- Abstract
- Discusses the importance and utility of a thesaurus of concepts to provide logical support for multilingualism. Deals in particular with the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Thesaurus,a nd the work of the IEC Thesaurus Working Group, consisting of specialists of the Research Institute in Electrical Engineering (ICPE) and the University Politehnica of Bucharest. Describes how this group contributed to the thesaurus and implemented the multilingual database required by the editing and updating of multilingual database required by the editing and updating of multilingual dictionaries in electrical engineering
- Source
- Probleme de Informare si Documentare. 28(1994) no.1, S.13-22
-
Schubert, K.: Parameters for the design of an intermediate language for multilingual thesauri (1995)
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- Abstract
- The architecture of multilingual software systems is sometimes centred around an intermediate language. The question is analyzed to what extent this approach can be useful for multilingual thesauri, in particular regarding the functionality the thesaurus is designed to fulfil. Both the runtime use, and the construction and maintenance of the system is taken into consideration. Using the perspective of general language technology enables to draw on experience from a broader range of fields beyond thesaurus design itself as well as to consider the possibility of using a thesaurus as a knowledge module in various systems which process natural language. Therefore the features which thesauri and other natural-language processing systems have in common are emphasized, especially at the level of systems design and their core functionality
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 22(1995) nos.3/4, S.136-140
-
Kutschekmanesch, S.; Lutes, B.; Moelle, K.; Thiel, U.; Tzeras, K.: Automated multilingual indexing : a synthesis of rule-based and thesaurus-based methods (1998)
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- Source
- Information und Märkte: 50. Deutscher Dokumentartag 1998, Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dokumentation e.V. (DGD), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 22.-24. September 1998. Hrsg. von Marlies Ockenfeld u. Gerhard J. Mantwill
-
Heinzelin, D. de; ¬d'¬Hautcourt, F.; Pols, R.: ¬Un nouveaux thesaurus multilingue informatise relatif aux instruments de musique (1998)
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- Abstract
- Describes the development and structure of a multilingual thesaurus for classifying and defining musical instruments, designed at the Brussels Theatre de la Monnaie as part of a project to create a multimedia database of theatre and musical arts
- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:01:00
-
Cao, L.; Leong, M.-K.; Low, H.-B.: Searching heterogeneous multilingual bibliographic sources (1998)
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- Abstract
- Propopses a Web-based architecture for searching distributed heterogeneous multi-asian language bibliographic sources, and describes a successful pilot implementation of the system at the Chinese Library (CLib) system developed in Singapore and tested at 2 university libraries and a public library
- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
- Footnote
- Contribution to a special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, held 14-18 April 1998, Brisbane, Australia
-
Grefenstette, G.: ¬The problem of cross-language information retrieval (1998)
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-
Cousins, S.A.; Hartley, R.J.: Towards multilingual online public access catalogues (1994)
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- Abstract
- With increasing moves towards an integrated Europe the need for multilingual access to information becomes more pressing. One aspect of this need which has largely been neglected is the provision of multilingual access to OPACs and this paper is concerned with exploring this problem area. The need for multilingual OPAC search capabilities and the difficulties associated with this are discussed. The problems of subject access in particular are highlighted. Research into subject searching in monolingual OPACs is reviewed and its relevance to multilingual OPACs is outlined. Given the limitations of current machine translation of natural language it is likely that the utilisation of controlled subject search facilities. Finally some possible directions for further research are considered
-
Peters, C.; Picchi, E.: Across languages, across cultures : issues in multilinguality and digital libraries (1997)
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- Abstract
- With the recent rapid diffusion over the international computer networks of world-wide distributed document bases, the question of multilingual access and multilingual information retrieval is becoming increasingly relevant. We briefly discuss just some of the issues that must be addressed in order to implement a multilingual interface for a Digital Library system and describe our own approach to this problem.
-
Hainebach, R.: ¬The EUROCAT project : the integration of European community multidisciplinary and document-oriented databases on CD-ROM; an exercise in merging data from several databases into a single database as well as solving the problem of multilingualism (1993)
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- Abstract
- The Institutions of the European Communities produce document-oriented databases based on publications and documents distributed either by the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities or by the individual EC institutions themselves. These databases are known under the names of ABEL, CATEL, CELEX, CORDIS RTD publications, ECLAS, EPOQUE, EURISTOTE, RAPID and SCAD and are available via hosts such as EUROBASES, ECHO and the Office for Official Publications. Until the establishment of the EUROCAT project, no single database held a comprehensive and complete collection of all European Community documents and publications. Describes the work on integrating and harmonising the data from the databases to produce the multilingual EUROCAT database using MS-DOS based software. The resulting database will be available on CD-ROM
-
Hainebach, R.: European Community databases : a subject analysis (1992)
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- Abstract
- With the introduction of the single market, more and more European Community information databases are becoming available either online or on CD-ROM. Some databases are full text but many are bibliographic. Users may access them free text or through controlled descriptors but ideally they should be able to search through 1 or more subject access points. Each of the databases uses a different method and the different subject access methods, employing thesauri or classification schemes, are examined. Proposes a solution to the problem of multiple thesauri and multilingualism
- Source
- Online information 92. Proc. of the 16th Int. Online Information Meeting, London, 8-10.12.1992. Ed. by David I. Raitt
-
Oard, D.W.: Alternative approaches for cross-language text retrieval (1997)
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- Abstract
- The explosive growth of the Internet and other sources of networked information have made automatic mediation of access to networked information sources an increasingly important problem. Much of this information is expressed as electronic text, and it is becoming practical to automatically convert some printed documents and recorded speech to electronic text as well. Thus, automated systems capable of detecting useful documents are finding widespread application. With even a small number of languages it can be inconvenient to issue the same query repeatedly in every language, so users who are able to read more than one language will likely prefer a multilingual text retrieval system over a collection of monolingual systems. And since reading ability in a language does not always imply fluent writing ability in that language, such users will likely find cross-language text retrieval particularly useful for languages in which they are less confident of their ability to express their information needs effectively. The use of such systems can be also be beneficial if the user is able to read only a single language. For example, when only a small portion of the document collection will ever be examined by the user, performing retrieval before translation can be significantly more economical than performing translation before retrieval. So when the application is sufficiently important to justify the time and effort required for translation, those costs can be minimized if an effective cross-language text retrieval system is available. Even when translation is not available, there are circumstances in which cross-language text retrieval could be useful to a monolingual user. For example, a researcher might find a paper published in an unfamiliar language useful if that paper contains references to works by the same author that are in the researcher's native language.
Multilingual text retrieval can be defined as selection of useful documents from collections that may contain several languages (English, French, Chinese, etc.). This formulation allows for the possibility that individual documents might contain more than one language, a common occurrence in some applications. Both cross-language and within-language retrieval are included in this formulation, but it is the cross-language aspect of the problem which distinguishes multilingual text retrieval from its well studied monolingual counterpart. At the SIGIR 96 workshop on "Cross-Linguistic Information Retrieval" the participants discussed the proliferation of terminology being used to describe the field and settled on "Cross-Language" as the best single description of the salient aspect of the problem. "Multilingual" was felt to be too broad, since that term has also been used to describe systems able to perform within-language retrieval in more than one language but that lack any cross-language capability. "Cross-lingual" and "cross-linguistic" were felt to be equally good descriptions of the field, but "crosslanguage" was selected as the preferred term in the interest of standardization. Unfortunately, at about the same time the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) introduced "translingual" as their preferred term, so we are still some distance from reaching consensus on this matter.
I will not attempt to draw a sharp distinction between retrieval and filtering in this survey. Although my own work on adaptive cross-language text filtering has led me to make this distinction fairly carefully in other presentations (c.f., (Oard 1997b)), such an proach does little to help understand the fundamental techniques which have been applied or the results that have been obtained in this case. Since it is still common to view filtering (detection of useful documents in dynamic document streams) as a kind of retrieval, will simply adopt that perspective here.
-
Borgman, C.L.: Multi-media, multi-cultural, and multi-lingual digital libraries : or how do we exchange data In 400 languages? (1997)
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- Abstract
- The Internet would not be very useful if communication were limited to textual exchanges between speakers of English located in the United States. Rather, its value lies in its ability to enable people from multiple nations, speaking multiple languages, to employ multiple media in interacting with each other. While computer networks broke through national boundaries long ago, they remain much more effective for textual communication than for exchanges of sound, images, or mixed media -- and more effective for communication in English than for exchanges in most other languages, much less interactions involving multiple languages. Supporting searching and display in multiple languages is an increasingly important issue for all digital libraries accessible on the Internet. Even if a digital library contains materials in only one language, the content needs to be searchable and displayable on computers in countries speaking other languages. We need to exchange data between digital libraries, whether in a single language or in multiple languages. Data exchanges may be large batch updates or interactive hyperlinks. In any of these cases, character sets must be represented in a consistent manner if exchanges are to succeed. Issues of interoperability, portability, and data exchange related to multi-lingual character sets have received surprisingly little attention in the digital library community or in discussions of standards for information infrastructure, except in Europe. The landmark collection of papers on Standards Policy for Information Infrastructure, for example, contains no discussion of multi-lingual issues except for a passing reference to the Unicode standard. The goal of this short essay is to draw attention to the multi-lingual issues involved in designing digital libraries accessible on the Internet. Many of the multi-lingual design issues parallel those of multi-media digital libraries, a topic more familiar to most readers of D-Lib Magazine. This essay draws examples from multi-media DLs to illustrate some of the urgent design challenges in creating a globally distributed network serving people who speak many languages other than English. First we introduce some general issues of medium, culture, and language, then discuss the design challenges in the transition from local to global systems, lastly addressing technical matters. The technical issues involve the choice of character sets to represent languages, similar to the choices made in representing images or sound. However, the scale of the language problem is far greater. Standards for multi-media representation are being adopted fairly rapidly, in parallel with the availability of multi-media content in electronic form. By contrast, we have hundreds (and sometimes thousands) of years worth of textual materials in hundreds of languages, created long before data encoding standards existed. Textual content from past and present is being encoded in language and application-specific representations that are difficult to exchange without losing data -- if they exchange at all. We illustrate the multi-language DL challenge with examples drawn from the research library community, which typically handles collections of materials in 400 or so languages. These are problems faced not only by developers of digital libraries, but by those who develop and manage any communication technology that crosses national or linguistic boundaries.
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Turner, J.M.: Cross-language transfer of indexing concepts for storage and retrieval of moving images : preliminary results (1996)
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- Abstract
- In previous research, participants who screen a videotape of stock footage from the National Film Board of Canada's stockshot collection were asked to assign terms in English that could be used for retrieval of each shot. The most popular terms were analyzed as potential indexing terms. In the current research a French language version of the research tapes was prepared, using the same images, and the data collected were in French. Compares the most popular terms identified in each of the 2 studies for each of the shots in order to determine the rate of correspondence between potential indexing terms in each language
- Source
- Global complexity: information, chaos and control. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, ASIS'96, Baltimore, Maryland, 21-24 Oct 1996. Ed.: S. Hardin
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Stegentritt, E.: Evaluationsresultate des mehrsprachigen Suchsystems CANAL/LS (1998)
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- Abstract
- The search system CANAL/LS simplifies the searching of library catalogues by analyzing search questions linguistically and translating them if required. The linguistic analysis reduces the search question words to their basic forms so that they can be compared with basic title forms. Consequently all variants of words and parts of compounds in German can be found. Presents the results of an analysis of search questions in a catalogue of 45.000 titles in the field of psychology
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Stancikova, P.: International integrated database systems linked to multilingual thesauri covering the field of environment and agriculture (1996)
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- Source
- Compatibility and integration of order systems: Research Seminar Proceedings of the TIP/ISKO Meeting, Warsaw, 13-15 September 1995
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Lonsdale, D.; Mitamura, T.; Nyberg, E.: Acquisition of large lexicons for practical knowledge-based MT (1994/95)
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- Abstract
- Although knowledge based MT systems have the potential to achieve high translation accuracy, each successful application system requires a large amount of hand coded lexical knowledge. Systems like KBMT-89 and its descendants have demonstarted how knowledge based translation can produce good results in technical domains with tractable domain semantics. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the development task for large scale applications with 10s of 1000s of of domain concepts precludes a purely hand crafted approach. The current challenge for the next generation of knowledge based MT systems is to utilize online textual resources and corpus analysis software in order to automate the most laborious aspects of the knowledge acquisition process. This partial automation can in turn maximize the productivity of human knowledge engineers and help to make large scale applications of knowledge based MT an viable approach. Discusses the corpus based knowledge acquisition methodology used in KANT, a knowledge based translation system for multilingual document production. This methodology can be generalized beyond the KANT interlinhua approach for use with any system that requires similar kinds of knowledge
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Martinez Arellano, F.F.: Subject searching in online catalogs including Spanish and English material (1999)
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- Abstract
- The use of title words, the combination of these through the use of logic operators, and the possibility of truncating them when carrying out subject searches, are some of the search options that have been incorporated into the online catalog. Several arguments in favor of these options have been expressed which state that they represent an approach for the use of natural language and that they facilitate information retrieval. However, expressed arguments against them that support the necessity of using controlled language to obtain more precision in search results also exist. This paper reports the main results from a study whose objective was to compare advantages and disadvantages of retrieval by keywords from the title and by subject headings included in the records of LIBRUNAM, an online catalog containing records for English and Spanish items at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.
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Baca, M.: Making sense of the Tower of Babel : a demonstration project in multilingual equivalency work (1997)
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-
Slater, R.: Authority control in a multilingual OPAC : MultiLIS at Laurentian (1991)
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- Abstract
- There is an increasing awareness of the need for authority systems available to handle a wide variety of thesauri. The MultiLIS system at Laurentian University, a biligual institution in Northern Ontario, has an authority control module that satisfies many of the requirements for the maintenance of catalog access points in more than one language. The major feature of the MultiLIS authority module and its current use in a biligual setting, as well as its potential in a multilingual or multithesaurus environment, are descrideb. A brief evaluation and critique of the authority module is also presented, principally in terms of its success in meeting the criteria for a multithesaurus management system
