Search (39 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Indexing remains one of the most popular tools provided by digital libraries to help users identify and understand the characteristics of the information they need. Despite extensive studies of the problem of automatic index construction for text-based digital libraries, the construction of multimedia digital libraries continues to represent a challenge, because multimedia objects usually lack sufficient text information to ensure reliable index learning. This research attempts to tackle the problem of automatic index construction for multimedia objects by employing Web usage logs and limited keywords pertaining to multimedia objects. The tests of two proposed algorithms use two different data sets with different amounts of textual information. Web usage logs offer precious information for building indexes of multimedia digital libraries with limited textual information. The proposed methods generally yield better indexes, especially for the artwork data set.

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Source

Challenges in indexing electronic text and images. Ed.: R. Fidel et al

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Classification

006.7 22

Date

7. 3.2007 19:30:22

DDC

006.7 22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.3, S.457-458 (A.M.A. Ahmad): "The concept of the semantic web has emerged because search engines and text-based searching are no longer adequate, as these approaches involve an extensive information retrieval process. The deployed searching and retrieving descriptors arc naturally subjective and their deployment is often restricted to the specific application domain for which the descriptors were configured. The new era of information technology imposes different kinds of requirements and challenges. Automatic extracted audiovisual features are required, as these features are more objective, domain-independent, and more native to audiovisual content. This book is a useful guide for researchers, experts, students, and practitioners; it is a very valuable reference and can lead them through their exploration and research in multimedia content and the semantic web. The book is well organized, and introduces the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis to the reader through a logical sequence from standards and hypotheses through system examples, presenting relevant tools and methods. But in some chapters readers will need a good technical background to understand some of the details. Readers may attain sufficient knowledge here to start projects or research related to the book's theme; recent results and articles related to the active research area of integrating multimedia with semantic web technologies are included. This book includes full descriptions of approaches to specific problem domains such as content search, indexing, and retrieval. This book will be very useful to researchers in the multimedia content analysis field who wish to explore the benefits of emerging semantic web technologies in applying multimedia content approaches. The first part of the book covers the definition of the two basic terms multimedia content and semantic web. The Moving Picture Experts Group standards MPEG7 and MPEG21 are quoted extensively. In addition, the means of multimedia content description are elaborated upon and schematically drawn. This extensive description is introduced by authors who are actively involved in those standards and have been participating in the work of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/MPEG for many years. On the other hand, this results in bias against the ad hoc or nonstandard tools for multimedia description in favor of the standard approaches. This is a general book for multimedia content; more emphasis on the general multimedia description and extraction could be provided.
Semantic web technologies are explained, and ontology representation is emphasized. There is an excellent summary of the fundamental theory behind applying a knowledge-engineering approach to vision problems. This summary represents the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis. A definition of the fuzzy knowledge representation that can be used for realization in multimedia content applications has been provided, with a comprehensive analysis. The second part of the book introduces the multimedia content analysis approaches and applications. In addition, some examples of methods applicable to multimedia content analysis are presented. Multimedia content analysis is a very diverse field and concerns many other research fields at the same time; this creates strong diversity issues, as everything from low-level features (e.g., colors, DCT coefficients, motion vectors, etc.) up to the very high and semantic level (e.g., Object, Events, Tracks, etc.) are involved. The second part includes topics on structure identification (e.g., shot detection for video sequences), and object-based video indexing. These conventional analysis methods are supplemented by results on semantic multimedia analysis, including three detailed chapters on the development and use of knowledge models for automatic multimedia analysis. Starting from object-based indexing and continuing with machine learning, these three chapters are very logically organized. Because of the diversity of this research field, including several chapters of recent research results is not sufficient to cover the state of the art of multimedia. The editors of the book should write an introductory chapter about multimedia content analysis approaches, basic problems, and technical issues and challenges, and try to survey the state of the art of the field and thus introduce the field to the reader.
The final part of the book discusses research in multimedia content management systems and the semantic web, and presents examples and applications for semantic multimedia analysis in search and retrieval systems. These chapters describe example systems in which current projects have been implemented, and include extensive results and real demonstrations. For example, real case scenarios such as ECommerce medical applications and Web services have been introduced. Topics in natural language, speech and image processing techniques and their application for multimedia indexing, and content-based retrieval have been elaborated upon with extensive examples and deployment methods. The editors of the book themselves provide the readers with a chapter about their latest research results on knowledge-based multimedia content indexing and retrieval. Some interesting applications for multimedia content and the semantic web are introduced. Applications that have taken advantage of the metadata provided by MPEG7 in order to realize advance-access services for multimedia content have been provided. The applications discussed in the third part of the book provide useful guidance to researchers and practitioners properly planning to implement semantic multimedia analysis techniques in new research and development projects in both academia and industry. A fourth part should be added to this book: performance measurements for integrated approaches of multimedia analysis and the semantic web. Performance of the semantic approach is a very sophisticated issue and requires extensive elaboration and effort. Measuring the semantic search is an ongoing research area; several chapters concerning performance measurement and analysis would be required to adequately cover this area and introduce it to readers."

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Abstract

Colours, icons, graphics, hypertext links and other multimedia elements are variables that affect information search strategies and information seeking behaviour. These variables are culturally constructed and represented and are subject to individual and community interpretation. Hypothesizes that users in different communities (in intercultural or multicultural context) will interpret differently the meanings of the multimedia objects on the Internet. Users' interpretations of multimedia objects may differ from the intentions of the designers. A study in this area is being undertaken

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Abstract

Recent technological developments have increased the use of machine learning to solve many problems, including many in information retrieval. Multimedia information retrieval as a problem represents a significant challenge to machine learning as a technological solution, but some problems can still be addressed by using appropriate AI techniques. We review the technological developments and provide a perspective on the use of machine learning in conjunction with knowledge organization to address multimedia IR needs. The semantic gap in multimedia IR remains a significant problem in the field, and solutions to them are many years off. However, new technological developments allow the use of knowledge organization and machine learning in multimedia search systems and services. Specifically, we argue that, the improvement of detection of some classes of lowlevel features in images music and video can be used in conjunction with knowledge organization to tag or label multimedia content for better retrieval performance. We provide an overview of the use of knowledge organization schemes in machine learning and make recommendations to information professionals on the use of this technology with knowledge organization techniques to solve multimedia IR problems. We introduce a five-step process model that extracts features from multimedia objects (Step 1) from both knowledge organization (Step 1a) and machine learning (Step 1b), merging them together (Step 2) to create an index of those multimedia objects (Step 3). We also overview further steps in creating an application to utilize the multimedia objects (Step 4) and maintaining and updating the database of features on those objects (Step 5).

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Abstract

A model for analysing multimedia information is proposed from the point of view of the theory of communication. After a brief presentation of the complex map of the sciences that deal with multimedia communication in its different aspects, the current multimedia revolution is historically contextualized as a tendency towards messages that are able to build near-reality experiences (virtual reality). After setting the theoretical point of view, an analysis of multimedia messages is substantiated and a model is presented. The first part of the model deals with the different communications channels and tools: still images, movies, sounds, texts, text with illustrations, audiovisuals and interactive multimedia, with an emphasis in nontextual documents. The second part addresses the global properties of the multimedia message, which are of a textual and metatextual nature. The overlapping of media, channels, genres and messages-and the conscious and technical use of such interactions-is precisely one of the main and outstanding characteristics of the multimedia discourse, and requires specific moves in indexing languages development. The multimedia environment has also a great potential to promote a wider theory of knowledge organization, bringing closer distant fields like scientific and fictional indexing or verbal and image indexing. It is stated that such a unified theory requires a closer attention to the pragmatic aspects of indexing and the inclusion of new semantic layers. A simple indexing model is proposed to illustrate who to address these challenges.

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Abstract

The MPEG-7 standard supports the description of both the structure and the semantics of multimedia; however, the generation and consumption of MPEG-7 structural and semantic descriptions are outside the scope of the standard. This article presents two research prototype systems that demonstrate the generation and consumption of MPEG-7 structural and semantic descriptions in retrieval applications. The active system for MPEG-4 video object simulation (AMOS) is a video object segmentation and retrieval system that segments, tracks, and models objects in videos (e.g., person, car) as a set of regions with corresponding visual features and spatiotemporal relations. The region-based model provides an effective base for similarity retrieval of video objects. The second system, the Intelligent Multimedia Knowledge Application (IMKA), uses the novel MediaNet framework for representing semantic and perceptual information about the world using multimedia. MediaNet knowledge bases can be constructed automatically from annotated collections of multimedia data and used to enhance the retrieval of multimedia.

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Abstract

Discusses the features of multimedia products and those features which allow interaction, and considers the key differences between home and work use of information CD-ROMs. Sets out the criteria for the evaluation of products that are likely to contribute to the overall evaluation. These include: the information itself; methods of access; output of information; the quality and appropriateness of the media objects presented; interactive features; aesthetics and creativity; and performance, reliability and robustness

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Abstract

Presents a 3 facet adaptive authoring model for online hypermedia information systems. It provides spatial reconfiguration of the presentation objects based on activation frequency, information content customization based on author specified criteria, and hypergraphic network optimization based on usage. Discusses the theory underlying the model, its architecture and hypermedia structure, and provides a preliminary quantitative measure and evaluation of its impact on authoring time, as well as study time

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Date

31.12.1998 22:05:21

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Abstract

State of the art review of the challenges of multimedia for the online industry in terms of: standards, database design; indexing; intellectual property rights; network access and use; the market; and the information industry

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Abstract

An electronic classroom with computer workstations and multimedia offers tremendous potential for interactive instruction. To support such instruction, HyperCourseware was developed as an environment and authoring system that recreates on a computer network familiar objects of instruction, such as the syllabus, lecture notes, class rolls, seating chats, exams, and grade lists. In addition, it provides interactive and collaborative tools for group discussion, anonymous feedback, student polling, and shared collaborative wirkspaces. Applications in statistics and cognitve psychology are discussed along with the specific advantages due to hypermedia links, structure of course materials, integration of parts, and classroom interactivity. Student and faculty evaluation have supported the positive educational benefits of both the electronic classroom and HyperCourseware in general

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Abstract

Develops an integrated conceptual representation scheme for multimedia documents that are viewed to comprise an object-oriented database. Develops the necessary abstractions for the conceptual model and extensions to the RM/T relational model used as the search structure. Develops a retrieval model in which the database search space is 1st narrowed down, based on user query, by an associative search. The associative search is followed by semantic and media-specific searches. A query langugae called SQLX is introduced to fomulate these searches directly from the conceptual model. In SQLX, connector attributes replace join, and abstract data type enables use of objects and their methods in query formulation. Describes a temporal model for time-dependent presentations and with the directions for future work

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Abstract

A database management system is a general-purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing, and manipulating databases for various applications. This article investigates the role of data management in multimedia digital libraries, and its implications for the design of database management systems. The notions of content abstraction and content independence are introduced, which clearly expose the unique challenges (for database architecture) of applications involving multimedia search. A blueprint of a new class of database technology is proposed, which supports the basic functionality for the management of both content and structure of multimedia objects

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Abstract

In this paper we discuss how browsing and querying, the two available major ways for accessing large amounts of data, form the point of view of interactive information retrieval. In this context we emphasize the notion of structured information and its impact on the performances of these two modalities of interaction. Aside natural complementarities between these two classes of retrieval environments, these considerations should enforce interest for models that fully integrate browsing and querying capabilities. We shortly present the main elements of such a model, with a particular attention to the retrieval component. Problems related to indexing structured information are also discussed and elements of a strategy for indexing hierarchical structures are presented. This strategy and the corresponding retrieval algorithm are aimed to ensure optimal granularity of system's responses considering redundancy among interrelated structural components

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Abstract

Various kinds of knowledge organisation, such as thesauri, are routinely used to label or tag multimedia content such as images and music and to support information retrieval, i.e. user search for such content. In this paper, we outline why this is the case, in particular focusing on the semantic gap between content and concept based multimedia retrieval. We survey some indexing vocabularies used for multimedia retrieval, and argue that techniques such as thesauri will be needed for the foreseeable future in order to support users in their need for multimedia content. In particular, we argue that artificial intelligence techniques are not mature enough to solve the problem of indexing multimedia conceptually and will not be able to replace human indexers for the foreseeable future.

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Footnote

Part of a special issue featuring papers from the workshop on hypermedia and hypertext standards held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, 22-23 April 1993

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Abstract

Considers whether there really is a place for multimedia technology in the broad spectrum of information technology or whether it is simply a fringe technology with no real benefit to the average end user. Briefly considers the role of publishers in driving the multimedia trend and concludes with a mention of adaptive pattern recognition, of the type developed by Excalibur Technologies, for the automatic indexing of the entire content of every document, whether it be in the form of video, voice pattern, signal, graphics or text

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Abstract

Over the past few years multimedia technology has matured dramatically and its widespread use in daily life is leading to the convergence of the entertainment, education and information industries. Describes some international projects which combine imaging and multimedia for the preservation of cultural heritage artifacts. Discusses issues facing the multimedia industry including standardization; database management; indexing multimedia, networked mutlimedia; intellectual property issues; legal issues; and the multimedia market. Considers the role of the information industry and the impact of multimedia technolgy on libraries and information centres