Search (57 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

Catalogers have become interdependent in their pursuit to provide bibliographic control and access. This interdependency has brought with it the need for greater agreement in applying common cataloging policies and rules. The expanded application of AACR2 (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules) is fostering greater uniformity in the provision of bibliographic description and access. The rules have been translated into numerous languages and used in European, Middle Eastern, and Latin American countries. Cataloging committees and individual libraries in Europe and South Africa have expressed strong interest in adopting, adapting, or aligning with AACR2. PCC (Program for Cooperative Cataloguing) is one of the most successful cooperative cataloging efforts and has a considerable international component, which encourages the use of AACR, LCSH (Library of Congress Subject Headings), and MARC. AACR2 is successful on an international level because it is based in internationally developed standards, including ISBDs and the Paris Principles. ISBDs (International Standard Bibliographic Description) and the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records are examples of the contributions that IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) has made to the internationalization of cataloging. IFLA sponsored the international conference that resulted in the Paris Principles as well as subsequent projects to craft international policy in relation to uniform headings for persons, corporate bodies, and titles.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

Source

Library resources and technical services. 44(2000) no.3, S.114-121

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Abstract

Shared authority files and cooperation in the development of national lists, both author and subject, have enabled libraries to share resources and improve access to their collections. As we move from national resource sharing to a more international approach, we face problems accessing catalogues in other languages. By creating links between existing subject heading languages (initially in French, German, and English), MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) allows users to carry out searches in major national library collections in Europe using subject headings in their own languages. An operational service will be available in 2004.

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Abstract

This article presents an overview of the LEAF project (Linking and Exploring Authority Files)1, which has set out to provide a framework for international, collaborative work in the sector of authority data with respect to authority control. Elaborating the virtues of authority control in today's Web environment is an almost futile exercise, since so much has been said and written about it in the last few years.2 The World Wide Web is generally understood to be poorly structured-both with regard to content and to locating required information. Highly structured databases might be viewed as small islands of precision within this chaotic environment. Though the Web in general or any particular structured database would greatly benefit from increased authority control, it should be noted that our following considerations only refer to authority control with regard to databases of "memory institutions" (i.e., libraries, archives, and museums). Moreover, when talking about authority records, we exclusively refer to personal name authority records that describe a specific person. Although different types of authority records could indeed be used in similar ways to the ones presented in this article, discussing those different types is outside the scope of both the LEAF project and this article. Personal name authority records-as are all other "authorities"-are maintained as separate records and linked to various kinds of descriptive records. Name authority records are usually either kept in independent databases or in separate tables in the database containing the descriptive records. This practice points at a crucial benefit: by linking any number of descriptive records to an authorized name record, the records related to this entity are collocated in the database. Variant forms of the authorized name are referenced in the authority records and thus ensure the consistency of the database while enabling search and retrieval operations that produce accurate results. On one hand, authority control may be viewed as a positive prerequisite of a consistent catalogue; on the other, the creation of new authority records is a very time consuming and expensive undertaking. As a consequence, various models of providing access to existing authority records have emerged: the Library of Congress and the French National Library (Bibliothèque nationale de France), for example, make their authority records available to all via a web-based search service.3 In Germany, the Personal Name Authority File (PND, Personennamendatei4) maintained by the German National Library (Die Deutsche Bibliothek, Frankfurt/Main) offers a different approach to shared access: within a closed network, participating institutions have online access to their pooled data. The number of recent projects and initiatives that have addressed the issue of authority control in one way or another is considerable.5 Two important current initiatives should be mentioned here: The Name Authority Cooperative (NACO) and Virtual International Authority File (VIAF).
NACO was established in 1976 and is hosted by the Library of Congress. At the beginning of 2003, nearly 400 institutions were involved in this undertaking, including 43 institutions from outside the United States.6 Despite the enormous success of NACO and the impressive annual growth of the initiative, there are requirements for participation that form an obstacle for many institutions: they have to follow the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) and employ the MARC217 data format. Participating institutions also have to belong to either OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) or RLG (Research Libraries Group) in order to be able to contribute records, and they have to provide a specified minimum number of authority records per year. A recent proof of concept project of the Library of Congress, OCLC and the German National Library-Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)8-will, in its first phase, test automatic linking of the records of the Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF) and the German Personal Name Authority File by using matching algorithms and software developed by OCLC. The results are expected to form the basis of a "Virtual International Authority File". The project will then test the maintenance of the virtual authority file by employing the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH)9 to harvest the metadata for new, updated, and deleted records. When using the "Virtual International Authority File" a cataloguer will be able to check the system to see whether the authority record he wants to establish already exists. The final phase of the project will test possibilities for displaying records in the preferred language and script of the end user. Currently, there are still some clear limitations associated with the ways in which authority records are used by memory institutions. One of the main problems has to do with limited access: generally only large institutions or those that are part of a library network have unlimited online access to permanently updated authority records. Smaller institutions outside these networks usually have to fall back on less efficient ways of obtaining authority data, or have no access at all. Cross-domain sharing of authority data between libraries, archives, museums and other memory institutions simply does not happen at present. Public users are, by and large, not even aware that such things as name authority records exist and are excluded from access to these information resources.

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Abstract

This paper gives a short overview of the library situation in the Bavarian Library Network and the authority files used in German libraries. It deals with the implementation of the authority file for personal names into the Bavarian Union Catalogue and the experiences in using it. Finally, it looks into costs and benefits of the use of authority files in the Bavarian Network Catalogue.

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Abstract

This article examines the implementation of an authority control project in the Keystone Library Network, an eighteen-member1 library consortium in Pennsylvania. The project was made possible with monies procured through two Library Services and Technology Act grants. The first grant funded staff training opportunities; the second covered base file cleanup of bibliographic records. The grant process and the management of the authority control project are described in detail.

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Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

Source

Library resources and technical services. 50(2006) no.1, S.31-41

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Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

Source

Library resources and technical services. 52(2008) no.3, S.148-163

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Abstract

The Name Authority Cooperative (NACO), founded in 1976, now encompasses some 395 institutions that have collectively developed and maintained a database of more than 2,000,000 authority records in addition to the more than 3,500,000 records created by Library of Congress staff. The NACO family of libraries is expanding at a rate of about 50 new members annually. The membership include institutions from all but four of the 50 U.S. states and 43 institutions in 16 countries within Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia, and Latin America. The NACO model has changed over time to create more cost-effective and user-friendly policies and procedures to meet participants' needs. Increased recognition, especially by library administrators, of the value of authority control also encouraged NACO to flourish. This presentation explains membership requirements, benefits to the participants, as well as the role of the Library of Congress which serves as secretariat to NACO and oversees a variety of training and documentation activities to support program operations. One of the NACO's unique features - the opportunity to participate via a "Funnel Project" in which a group of institutions band together - is also described. Internationally, as the trend towards adopting AACR and MARC 21 increases, the number of NACO partners outside the U.S. also increases. For countries where other standards prevail or where English is not the official language, NACO can serve as a model to consider to provide a framework for a national program while awaiting longer-term development of a more global approach to authority control.

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Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

Source

Library resources and technical services. 50(2006) no.3, S.166-172

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Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

Source

Library resources and technical services. 46(2002) no.3, S.111-

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Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

Source

Library resources and technical services. 45(2001) no.2, S.73-79

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Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

Source

Library resources and technical services. 44(2000) no.1, S.33-43

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Content

The aim of this initiative is to provide the users of online library catalogues and information gateways of cooperating libraries with a prototype for multilingual subject searching in online environment. Library collections of these libraries are large and without any doubt very valuable for researchers throughout Europe. What is needed is a standardized, authorized indexing and retrieval tool which would bring together all their catalogues and databases and enable multilingual subject searching. At the beginning of the project, a number of factors affecting subject indexing in current environment and cross-searching for subjects have been identified. These factors include - standardization of subject retrieval process and indexing and classification tools - subject retrieval methods - possibility of interoperability among different indexing and classification schemes - multilingualism issue - possibility to increase precision and recall trough Z39.50 protocol and its profiles and to apply authority control in subject retrieval process - need for cooperation

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Abstract

Authority control is a quite recent term in the long history of cataloguing, although the underlying principle is among the very early principles of bibliographic control. Bibliographic control is a Field in transformation by the rapid expansion of the WWW, which has brought new problems to infonnation discovery and retrieval, creating new challenges and requirements in information management. In a comprehensive approach, authority control is presented as one of the most promising library activities in this respect. The evolution of work methods and standards for the sharing of authority files is reviewed, showing the imbalance in developments and practical achievements between name and subject authority, in an international perspective. The need to improve the network availability and usability of authority information assets in more effective and holistic ways is underlyned; and a new philosophy and scope is proposed for library authority work, based an the primacy of the linking function of authority data, and by expanding the finding, relating and informing functions of authority records. Some of these aspects are being addressed in several projects dealing with knowledge organization systems, notably to cope with multilingual needs and to enable semantic interoperability among different systems. Library practice itself should evolve in the same direction, thereby providing practical experience to inform new or improved principles and standards for authority work, while contributing to enhance local information services and to promote their involvement in the WWW environment.

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Abstract

InterParty is a project that aims to develop a mechanism that will enable the interoperation of identifiers for "parties" or persons (authors, publishers, etc. - persons and corporate bodies in library authority files) across multiple domains. Partners represent the book industry, rights management, libraries, and identifier and technology communities, united by their perception of a common benefit from interoperation in terms of access to "common metadata" held by other members to improve the quality of their own data. The InterParty solution proposes a distributed network of members who provide access to "common metadata," defined as information in the public domain, sufficient to identify and distinguish the "public identity" of a person. At a minimum the InterParty network would provide access to multiple domains of data about persons, including multiple library authority files, author licensing data files, etc. It will also add value by providing a facility for linking records between different data files by means of a "link record." Link records will assert that an identity recorded in one database is the same as another identity recorded in another database. Linked data will be mutually enriching and therefore more reliable and supportive of accurate disambiguation of persons within and between databases. InterParty has potential to develop a common system that supports both the emerging needs of e-commerce and the traditional requirements of library authority control.

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Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

Source

Library resources and technical services. 44(2000) no.3, S.168-172

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Abstract

The development of the National Authority File of Geographic Names has been carried out by the Russian State Library (RSL) since 2003 in the framework of the Federal program called "Russian culture (2001-2005)". The file will be a part of the complex of the authority files for the network of Russian libraries (LIBNET). Its aim is to provide usage of standardized Russian geographic names in the library practice (cataloguing of the documents and information retrieval), established officially on the federal level. The Russian National Authority File for Geographical Names is identified by the code "rugeo" in the MARC 21 format for use in subfield $2 for subject/index term sources.

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Abstract

The authors describe the creation of a linked authority system on the UCLA Library's ORION system. The computer specifications used to convert headings from the bibliographic file to authority records are given and the problems encountered in this process and the solutions decided upon are enumerated.

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Abstract

Explicit authority control of works is essentially non-existent. Our catalogs are built on a principle of controlling headings, and primarily headings for names of authors. Our syndetic structure creates a spider's web of networked relationships among forms of headings, but it ends there, despite the potential richness of depth among bibliographic entities. Effective authority control of works could yield richness in the catalog that would enhance retrieval capabilities. Works are considered to constitute the intellectual content of informative artifacts that may be collected and ordered for retrieval. In a 1992 study the author examined a random sample of works drawn from the catalog of the Georgetown University Library. For each progenitor work, an instantiation network (also referred to as a bibliographic family) was constituted. A detailed analysis of the linkages that would be required for authority control of these networks is reviewed here. A new study is also presented, in which Library of Congress authority records for the works in this sample are sought and analyzed. Results demonstrate a near total lack of control, with only 5.6% of works for which authority records were found. From a sample of 410 works, of which nearly half have instantiation networks, only 23 works could be said to have implicit authority control. However, many instantiation networks are made up of successive derivations that can be implicitly linked through collocation. The difficult work of explicitly linking instantiations comes with title changes, translations, and containing relations. The empirical evidence in the present study suggests that explicit control of expressions will provide the best control over instantiation networks because it is instantiations such as translations, abridgments, and adaptations that require explicit linking.

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Abstract

The University and Regional Library (ULB) of Münster in Westphalia indexes its documents since 1990 with Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog (RSWK) and Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD), the German rules for subject indexing and its authority file. In this area the library profits from the regional and national cooperation, particularly from the German National Library's external services for new German publications. The ULB itself has to index primarily new foreign literature, for instance Dutch books within the scope of the special subject fields programme of the German Research Society (DFG), but also its numerous acquisitions of older books and collections. Also some retrospective conversion has been done in the field of subject cataloguing. In the ULB indexing is the task of the subject librarians. They are supported by a small local editorial staff which especially takes care of the subject catalogue management and cooperates with the North-Rhine Westphalian library network for academic libraries, HBZ in Cologne. Furthermore, in its function as the Regional Library of Westphalia the ULB indexes books and above all a great number of articles listed in the regional bibliography of North Rhine-Westphalia (NWBib). RSWK in Münster im Kontext regionaler und überregionaler Kooperation. - Entwicklung der Schlagwort-Kooperation und Fremddatennutzung. - Aktuelle Probleme und Potenziale der Schlagwort-Kooperation. - Eigenbeschlagwortete Literatur in der ULB Münster. - Schlagwortredaktion in der ULB Münster. - RSWK Erschließung in der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Bibliographie (NWBib). - Münsters Schlagworterschließung in der sachlichen Suche.