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  • × theme_ss:"Register"
  1. Schroeder, K.A.: Layered indexing of images (1998) 0.08 
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    Abstract
    The General Motors Media Archives (GMMA) project is undertaking one of the largest digitization efforts in the world. GMMA houses over 3 million still photographic images and tens of thousands of motion picture films and videos spanning over a hundred years. The images are a rich history of the evolution of transport, urban growth, fashion, design, and popular culture. GMMA has developed a layered approach to visual indexing that dissects the objects, style and implication of each image, so that the indexing system can accomodate all potential approaches to the material. Explains each layer of indexing and provides examples which show implication layers that can easily be missed
    Date
    9. 4.2000 17:22:00
  2. Dextre Clarke, S.G.: Evolution towards ISO 25964 : an international standard with guidelines for thesauri and other types of controlled vocabulary (2007) 0.06 
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    Date
    8.12.2007 19:25:22
    Theme
    Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
  3. Booth, P.F.: Indexing : the manual of good practice (2001) 0.03 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: nfd - Information Wissenschaft und Praxis 54(2003) H.7, S.440-442 (R. Fugmann): "Das Buch beginnt mit dem Kapitel "Myths about Indexing" und mit der Nennung von weit verbreiteten Irrtümern über das Indexieren, und zwar vorrangig über das Registermachen. Mit einem einzigen Satz ist die Problematik treffend skizziert, welcher das Buch gewidmet ist: "With the development of electronic documents, it has become possible to store very large amounts of information; but storage is not of much use without the capability to retrieve, to convert, transfer and reuse the information". Kritisiert wird die weit verbreitet anzutreffende Ansicht, das Indexieren sei lediglich eine Sache vom "picking out words from the text or naming objects in images and using those words as index headings". Eine solche Arbeitsweise führt jedoch nicht zu Registern, sondern zu Konkordanzen (d.h. zu alphabetischen Fundstellenlisten für Textwörter) und"... is entirely dependent an the words themselves and is not concerned with the ideas behind them". Das Sammeln von Information ist einfach. Aber die (Wieder-) Auffindbarkeit herzustellen muss gelernt werden, wenn mehr ermöglicht werden soll als lediglich das Wiederfinden von Texten, die man in allen Einzelheiten noch genau in Erinnerung behalten hat (known-item searches, questions of recall), die Details der sprachlichen Ausdrucksweise für die gesuchten Begriffe eingeschlossen. Die Verfasserin beschreibt aus ihrer großen praktischen Erfahrung, welche Schritte hierzu auf der gedanklichen und technischen Ebene unternommen werden müssen. Zu den erstgenannten Schritten rechnet die Abtrennung von Details, welche nicht im Index vertreten sein sollten ("unsought terms"), weil sie mit Sicherheit kein Suchziel darstellen werden und als "false friends" zur Überflutung des Suchenden mit Nebensächlichkeiten führen würden, eine Entscheidung, welche nur mit guter Sachkenntnis gefällt werden kann. All Dasjenige hingegen, was in Gegenwart und Zukunft (!) ein sinnvolles Suchziel darstellen könnte und "sufficiently informative" ist, verdient ein Schlagwort im Register. Man lernt auch durch lehrreiche Beispiele, wodurch ein Textwort unbrauchbar für das Register wird, wenn es dort als (schlechtes) Schlagwort erscheint, herausgelöst aus dem interpretierenden Zusammenhang, in welchen es im Text eingebettet gewesen ist. Auch muss die Vieldeutigkeit bereinigt werden, die fast jedem natursprachigen Wort anhaftet. Sonst wird der Suchende beim Nachschlagen allzu oft in die Irre geführt, und zwar um so öfter, je größer ein diesbezüglich unbereinigter Speicher bereits geworden ist.
    Der Zugang zum Informationsspeicher ist auch von verwandten Begriffen her zu gewährleisten, denn der Suchende lässt sich gern mit seiner Fragestellung zu allgemeineren und vor allem zu spezifischeren Begriffen leiten. Verweisungen der Art "siehe auch" dienen diesem Zweck. Der Zugang ist auch von unterschiedlichen, aber bedeutungsgleichen Ausdrücken mithilfe einer Verweisung von der Art "siehe" zu gewährleisten, denn ein Fragesteller könnte sich mit einem von diesen Synonymen auf die Suche begeben haben und würde dann nicht fündig werden. Auch wird Vieles, wofür ein Suchender sein Schlagwort parat hat, in einem Text nur in wortreicher Umschreibung und paraphrasiert angetroffen ("Terms that may not appear in the text but are likely to be sought by index users"), d.h. praktisch unauffindbar in einer derartig mannigfaltigen Ausdrucksweise. All dies sollte lexikalisch ausgedrückt werden, und zwar in geläufiger Terminologie, denn in dieser Form erfolgt auch die Fragestellung. Hier wird die Grenze zwischen "concept indexing" gegenüber dem bloßen "word indexing" gezogen, welch letzteres sich mit der Präsentation von nicht interpretierten Textwörtern begnügt. Nicht nur ist eine solche Grenze weit verbreitet unbekannt, ihre Existenz wird zuweilen sogar bestritten, obwohl doch ein Wort meistens viele Begriffe ausdrückt und obwohl ein Begriff meistens durch viele verschiedene Wörter und Sätze ausgedrückt wird. Ein Autor kann und muss sich in seinen Texten oft mit Andeutungen begnügen, weil ein Leser oder Zuhörer das Gemeinte schon aus dem Zusammenhang erkennen kann und nicht mit übergroßer Deutlichkeit (spoon feeding) belästigt sein will, was als Unterstellung von Unkenntnis empfunden würde. Für das Retrieval hingegen muss das Gemeinte explizit ausgedrückt werden. In diesem Buch wird deutlich gemacht, was alles an außertextlichem und Hintergrund-Wissen für ein gutes Indexierungsergebnis aufgeboten werden muss, dies auf der Grundlage von sachverständiger und sorgfältiger Interpretation ("The indexer must understand the meaning of a text"). All dies lässt gutes Indexieren nicht nur als professionelle Dienstleistung erscheinen, sondern auch als Kunst. Als Grundlage für all diese Schritte wird ein Thesaurus empfohlen, mit einem gut strukturierten Netzwerk von verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen und angepasst an den jeweiligen Buchtext. Aber nur selten wird man auf bereits andernorts vorhandene Thesauri zurückgreifen können. Hier wäre ein Hinweis auf einschlägige Literatur zur Thesaurus-Konstruktion nützlich gewesen.
  4. Ross, J.: ¬The impact of technology on indexing (2000) 0.03 
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    Source
    Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.25-26
  5. Walker, A.: Indexing commonplace books : John Locke's method (2001) 0.03 
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    Source
    Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.14-18
  6. Crystal, D.: Quote index unquote (2000) 0.03 
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    Source
    Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.14-20
  7. Matthews, D.: Indexing published letters (2001) 0.03 
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    Source
    Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.135-141
  8. Gratch, B.; Settel, B.; Atherton, P.: Characteristics of book indexes for subject retrieval in the humanities and social sciences (1978) 0.02 
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    Source
    Indexer. 11(1978), S.14-22
  9. Davis, M.: Building a global legal index : a work in progress (2001) 0.02 
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    Source
    Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.123-127
  10. Browne, G.: ¬The definite article : acknowledging The in index entries (2001) 0.02 
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    Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.119-122
  11. Weinberg, B.H.: Book indexes in France : medieval specimens and modern practices (2000) 0.02 
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    Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.2-13
  12. Mauer, P.: Embedded indexing : pros and cons for the indexer (2000) 0.02 
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    Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.27-28
  13. Anderson, C.R.: Indexing with a computer : past and present (2000) 0.02 
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    Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.23-24
  14. Lee, D.: Judging indexes : the criteria for a good index (2001) 0.02 
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    Indexer. 22(2001) no.4, S.191-194
  15. Weinberg, B.H.: Predecessors of scientific indexing structures in the domain of religion (2001) 0.02 
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    Indexer. 22(2001) no.4, S.178-180
  16. Weinberg, B.H.: Index structures in early Hebrew Biblical word lists : preludes to the first Latin concordances (2004) 0.02 
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    Date
    17.10.2005 13:54:22
  17. Pfizer, Y.: Development of the 'Index of the Hebrew Daily Press` (1990) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The Index of the Hebrew Daily Press developed from the desire to meet reader's needs, in particular those of secondary school students and college students preparing term papers and small research projects. The Index began in the 1950s with the organisation of a card catalogue of selected articles from journals and newspapers. Discusses the problems in defining and establishing the thesaurus for such a catalogue, the growth, changes and development of the catalogue as a result of cooperative efforts at Tel-Hai Regional College Library and the University of Haifa Library.
  18. Bell, H.K.: Indexing biographies, and other stories of human lives (1992) 0.02 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.46-47 (R. Fugmann)
  19. Lathrop, L.: ¬An indexer's guide to the Internet (1999) 0.02 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Indexer 22(2000) no.1, S.51 (R. Davis)
  20. Weinberg, B.H.: ¬The body of a reference work in relation to its index : an analysis of wordsmanship (1996) 0.02 
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  0.2 = coord(1/5)
    Date
    8. 3.1997 20:22:25
    Source
    Indexer. 20(1996) no.1, S.18-22

Authors

Years

Languages

  • e 31
  • d 1
  • More… Less…

Types

  • a 26
  • m 6
  • s 1
  • More… Less…

Themes

Subjects

Classifications