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Jochum, F.; Weissmann, V.: Struktur und Elemente des Information Retrieval Experiments (1985)
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Keen, E.M.; Hartley, R.J.: Phrase processing in text retrieval (1994)
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Harman, D.K.: ¬The first text retrieval conference : TREC-1, 1992 (1993)
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Gillman, P.: Text retrieval (1998)
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Krause, J.; Womser-Hacker, C.: PADOK-II : Retrievaltests zur Bewertung von Volltextindexierungsvarianten für das deutsche Patentinformationssystem (1990)
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Burgin, R.: ¬The Monte Carlo method and the evaluation of retrieval system performance (1999)
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Yiqun, W.; Zhonghui, Z.; Li, Z.: Experimental study of machine factors and cognitive abilities of users (1998)
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Heinz, M.; Voigt, H.: Aufbau einer Suchmaschine für ein Forschungsinstitut : Aufgabe für die Bibliothek? (2000)
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Salton, G.: ¬The state of retrieval system evaluation (1992)
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Mandl, T.: Web- und Multimedia-Dokumente : Neuere Entwicklungen bei der Evaluierung von Information Retrieval Systemen (2003)
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Grummann, M.: Sind Verfahren zur maschinellen Indexierung für Literaturbestände Öffentlicher Bibliotheken geeignet? : Retrievaltests von indexierten ekz-Daten mit der Software IDX (2000)
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Hierl, S.: Bezugsrahmen für die Evaluation von Information Retrieval Systemen mit Visualisierungskomponenten (2007)
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Grasso, L.L.; Wahlig, H.: Google und seine Suchparameter : Eine Top 20-Precision Analyse anhand repräsentativ ausgewählter Anfragen (2005)
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Kluck, M.; Winter, M.: Topic-Entwicklung und Relevanzbewertung bei GIRT : ein Werkstattbericht (2006)
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Mandl, T.: Neue Entwicklungen bei den Evaluierungsinitiativen im Information Retrieval (2006)
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Mandl, T.: Evaluierung im Information Retrieval : die Hildesheimer Antwort auf aktuelle Herausforderungen der globalisierten Informationsgesellschaft (2010)
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Fraser, L.; Locatis, C.: Effects of link annotations on search performance in layered and unlayered hierarchically organized information spaces (2001)
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- Abstract
- The effects of link annotations on user search performance in hypertext environments having deep (layered) and shallow link structures were investigated in this study. Four environments were tested-layered-annotated, layered-unannotated, shallow-annotated, and shallow-unannotated. A single document was divided into 48 sections, and layered and unlayered versions were created. Additional versions were created by adding annotations to the links in the layered and unlayered versions. Subjects were given three queries of varying difficulty and then asked to find the answers to the queries that were contained within the hypertext environment to which they were randomly assigned. Correspondence between the wording links and queries was used to define difficulty level. The results of the study confirmed previous research that shallow link structures are better than deep (layered) link structures. Annotations had virtually no effect on the search performance of the subjects. The subjects performed similarly in the annotated and unannotated environments, regardless of whether the link structures were shallow or deep. An analysis of question difficulty suggests that the wording in links has primacy over the wording in annotations in influencing user search behavior.
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Lu, K.; Kipp, M.E.I.: Understanding the retrieval effectiveness of collaborative tags and author keywords in different retrieval environments : an experimental study on medical collections (2014)
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- Abstract
- This study investigates the retrieval effectiveness of collaborative tags and author keywords in different environments through controlled experiments. Three test collections were built. The first collection tests the impact of tags on retrieval performance when only the title and abstract are available (the abstract environment). The second tests the impact of tags when the full text is available (the full-text environment). The third compares the retrieval effectiveness of tags and author keywords in the abstract environment. In addition, both single-word queries and phrase queries are tested to understand the impact of different query types. Our findings suggest that including tags and author keywords in indexes can enhance recall but may improve or worsen average precision depending on retrieval environments and query types. Indexing tags and author keywords for searching using phrase queries in the abstract environment showed improved average precision, whereas indexing tags for searching using single-word queries in the full-text environment led to a significant drop in average precision. The comparison between tags and author keywords in the abstract environment indicates that they have comparable impact on average precision, but author keywords are more advantageous in enhancing recall. The findings from this study provide useful implications for designing retrieval systems that incorporate tags and author keywords.
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Tamine, L.; Chouquet, C.; Palmer, T.: Analysis of biomedical and health queries : lessons learned from TREC and CLEF evaluation benchmarks (2015)
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- Abstract
- A large body of research work examined, from both the query side and the user behavior side, the characteristics of medical- and health-related searches. One of the core issues in medical information retrieval (IR) is diversity of tasks that lead to diversity of categories of information needs and queries. From the evaluation perspective, another related and challenging issue is the limited availability of appropriate test collections allowing the experimental validation of medically task oriented IR techniques and systems. In this paper, we explore the peculiarities of TREC and CLEF medically oriented tasks and queries through the analysis of the differences and the similarities between queries across tasks, with respect to length, specificity, and clarity features and then study their effect on retrieval performance. We show that, even for expert oriented queries, language specificity level varies significantly across tasks as well as search difficulty. Additional findings highlight that query clarity factors are task dependent and that query terms specificity based on domain-specific terminology resources is not significantly linked to term rareness in the document collection. The lessons learned from our study could serve as starting points for the design of future task-based medical information retrieval frameworks.
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White, H.D.: Relevance theory and distributions of judgments in document retrieval (2017)
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- Abstract
- This article extends relevance theory (RT) from linguistic pragmatics into information retrieval. Using more than 50 retrieval experiments from the literature as examples, it applies RT to explain the frequency distributions of documents on relevance scales with three or more points. The scale points, which judges in experiments must consider in addition to queries and documents, are communications from researchers. In RT, the relevance of a communication varies directly with its cognitive effects and inversely with the effort of processing it. Researchers define and/or label the scale points to measure the cognitive effects of documents on judges. However, they apparently assume that all scale points as presented are equally easy for judges to process. Yet the notion that points cost variable effort explains fairly well the frequency distributions of judgments across them. By hypothesis, points that cost more effort are chosen by judges less frequently. Effort varies with the vagueness or strictness of scale-point labels and definitions. It is shown that vague scales tend to produce U- or V-shaped distributions, while strict scales tend to produce right-skewed distributions. These results reinforce the paper's more general argument that RT clarifies the concept of relevance in the dialogues of retrieval evaluation.
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