Search (89 results, page 1 of 5)

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Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.

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Abstract

Purpose - Ontologies are prone to wide semantic variability due to subjective points of view of their composers. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach for maximal unification of diverse ontologies for controversial domains by their relations. Design/methodology/approach - Effective matching or unification of multiple ontologies for a specific domain is crucial for the success of many semantic web applications, such as semantic information retrieval and organization, document tagging, summarization and search. To this end, numerous automatic and semi-automatic techniques were proposed in the past decade that attempt to identify similar entities, mostly classes, in diverse ontologies for similar domains. Apparently, matching individual entities cannot result in full integration of ontologies' semantics without matching their inter-relations with all other-related classes (and instances). However, semantic matching of ontological relations still constitutes a major research challenge. Therefore, in this paper the authors propose a new paradigm for assessment of maximal possible matching and unification of ontological relations. To this end, several unification rules for ontological relations were devised based on ontological reference rules, and lexical and textual entailment. These rules were semi-automatically implemented to extend a given ontology with semantically matching relations from another ontology for a similar domain. Then, the ontologies were unified through these similar pairs of relations. The authors observe that these rules can be also facilitated to reveal the contradictory relations in different ontologies. Findings - To assess the feasibility of the approach two experiments were conducted with different sets of multiple personal ontologies on controversial domains constructed by trained subjects. The results for about 50 distinct ontology pairs demonstrate a good potential of the methodology for increasing inter-ontology agreement. Furthermore, the authors show that the presented methodology can lead to a complete unification of multiple semantically heterogeneous ontologies. Research limitations/implications - This is a conceptual study that presents a new approach for semantic unification of ontologies by a devised set of rules along with the initial experimental evidence of its feasibility and effectiveness. However, this methodology has to be fully automatically implemented and tested on a larger dataset in future research. Practical implications - This result has implication for semantic search, since a richer ontology, comprised of multiple aspects and viewpoints of the domain of knowledge, enhances discoverability and improves search results. Originality/value - To the best of the knowledge, this is the first study to examine and assess the maximal level of semantic relation-based ontology unification.

Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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Abstract

In der biomedizinischen Forschung werden besonders in den letzten Jahren vermehrt enorme Mengen an neuen Daten produziert und diese in Folge verstärkt per Internet veröffentlicht. Viele Experten sehen in dieser Vorgehensweise die Chance zur Entdeckung bisher unbekannter biomedizinischer Erkenntnisse. Um dies jedoch zu ermöglichen, müssen neue Wege gefunden werden, die gewonnenen Daten effizient zu verarbeiten und zu verwalten. In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden die Möglichkeiten betrachtet, die das Semantic Web hierzu anbieten kann. Hierfür werden die relevanten Technologien des Semantic Web im speziellen Kontext der biomedizinischen Forschung betrachtet. Ein Fokus liegt auf der Anwendung von Ontologien in der Biomedizin: Es wird auf deren Vorteile eingegangen, aber auch auf möglichen Probleme, die deren Einsatz in einem erweiterten wissenschaftlichen Umfeld mit sich bringen können.

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Abstract

Softwaresysteme sind ein strategischer Schwerpunkt der europäischen IKT-Politik. Mit der Horizontalisierung der Semantic Systems Forschung im Rahmen des 6. Rahmenprogramms unterstreicht die europäische Kommission die Wichtigkeit dieses F&E-Feldes für die Lissabon-Strategie. Über komplementäre nationale Programme und das neue Instrument der Europäischen Technologieplattformen werden zusätzlich Impulse gesetzt, die Forschungskompetenz vor allem im Bereich der kooperativen, industrienahen Semantic Systems F&E weiter auszubauen. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über existierende Forschungsprogramme im Bereich der Semantic Systems Forschung auf europäischer Ebene, stellt am Beispiel Österreich ein nationales Förderprogramm vor und untersucht, welche technologiepolitischen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten offen stehen.

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Abstract

Über hundert Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer informierten sich beim 9. AIKSymposium "Semantic Web" Mitte April über laufende Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten zur maschinellen Interpretation von Web-Inhalten. Die Informatik-Forschung will mit diesem Ansatz die Informationsbeschaffung aus dem World Wide Web automatisieren.

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Abstract

Die historischen Wurzeln des Semantic Web reichen zurück in die Artificial Intelligence Forschung der 1960er und -70er Jahre. Konzepte aus der Light Weight Artificial Intelligence wie Frames, Microworlds und Heuristic Programming stellten erste Versuche der maschinenverarbeitbaren Wissensrepräsentation dar. Hier ging es nicht darum, intelligentes Verhalten zu simulieren, sondern Methoden zu entwickeln, die den Menschen in seiner Entscheidungsfindung unterstützen. Durch die inhaltliche Beschreibung (semantische Anreicherung) von Datenbeständen mit maschinenlesbaren Metadaten und Scripts wurden Maschinen in die Lage versetzt autonom Daten zu verarbeiten. Der Computer sollte in der Lage sein, den Kontext, in dem Daten erzeugt und abgelegt werden, zu "verstehen" und darauf basierend für den Nutzer relevante Daten zu selektieren, zu verarbeiten und auszugeben.

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Abstract

Ontologien haben durch die aktuellen Entwicklungen des Semantic Web große Beachtung erfahren, da jetzt Technologien bereitgestellt werden, die eine Verwendung von Ontologien in Informationssystemen ermöglichen. Beginnend mit den grundlegenden Konzepten und Ideen von Ontologien, die der Philosophie und Linguistik entstammen, stellt das Buch den aktuellen Stand der Technik im Bereich unterstützender Technologien aus der Semantic Web Forschung dar und zeigt vielversprechende Anwendungsbiete auf.

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Abstract

Die schnelle Entwicklung der Internet- und Web-Technologie verändert den Stand der Technik in der Kommunikation von Wissen oder Forschungsergebnissen. Insbesondere werden semantische Technologien, verknüpfte und offene Daten zu entscheidenden Faktoren für einen erfolgreichen und effizienten Forschungsfortschritt. Zuerst definiere ich den Research Data Service (RDS) und diskutiere typische aktuelle und mögliche zukünftige Nutzungsszenarien mit RDS. Darüber hinaus bespreche ich den Stand der Technik in den Bereichen semantische Dienstleistung und Datenanmerkung und API-Konstruktion sowie infrastrukturelle Lösungen, die für die RDS-Realisierung anwendbar sind. Zum Schluss werden noch innovative Methoden der Online-Verbreitung, Förderung und effizienten Kommunikation der Forschung diskutiert.

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Abstract

Wikis are established means for the collaborative authoring, versioning and publishing of textual articles. The Wikipedia project, for example, succeeded in creating the by far largest encyclopedia just on the basis of a wiki. Recently, several approaches have been proposed on how to extend wikis to allow the creation of structured and semantically enriched content. However, the means for creating semantically enriched structured content are already available and are, although unconsciously, even used by Wikipedia authors. In this article, we present a method for revealing this structured content by extracting information from template instances. We suggest ways to efficiently query the vast amount of extracted information (e.g. more than 8 million RDF statements for the English Wikipedia version alone), leading to astonishing query answering possibilities (such as for the title question). We analyze the quality of the extracted content, and propose strategies for quality improvements with just minor modifications of the wiki systems being currently used.

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Abstract

Seven years on from OWL becoming a W3C recommendation, and two years on from the more recent OWL 2 W3C recommendation, OWL has still experienced only patchy uptake on the Web. Although certain OWL features (like owl:sameAs) are very popular, other features of OWL are largely neglected by publishers in the Linked Data world. This may suggest that despite the promise of easy implementations and the proposal of tractable profiles suggested in OWL's second version, there is still no "right" standard fragment for the Linked Data community. In this paper, we (1) analyse uptake of OWL on the Web of Data, (2) gain insights into the OWL fragment that is actually used/usable on the Web, where we arrive at the conclusion that this fragment is likely to be a simplified profile based on OWL RL, (3) propose and discuss such a new fragment, which we call OWL LD (for Linked Data).

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Abstract

Semantic similarity is vital to many areas, such as information retrieval. Various methods have been proposed with a focus on comparing unstructured text documents. Several of these have been enhanced with ontology; however, they have not been applied to ontology instances. With the growth in ontology instance data published online through, for example, Linked Open Data, there is an increasing need to apply semantic similarity to ontology instances. Drawing on ontology-supported polarity mining (OSPM), we propose an algorithm that enhances the computation of semantic similarity with polarity mining techniques. The algorithm is evaluated with online customer review data. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the baseline algorithm in multiple settings.

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Abstract

In this thesis, we present an ontology-based information extraction and retrieval system and its application to soccer domain. In general, we deal with three issues in semantic search, namely, usability, scalability and retrieval performance. We propose a keyword-based semantic retrieval approach. The performance of the system is improved considerably using domain-specific information extraction, inference and rules. Scalability is achieved by adapting a semantic indexing approach. The system is implemented using the state-of-the-art technologies in SemanticWeb and its performance is evaluated against traditional systems as well as the query expansion methods. Furthermore, a detailed evaluation is provided to observe the performance gain due to domain-specific information extraction and inference. Finally, we show how we use semantic indexing to solve simple structural ambiguities.

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Source

Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 38(2014) H.2, S.257-265

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RSWK

Semantic Web / Forschungsergebnis / Forschung / Daten / Hyperlink

Subject

Semantic Web / Forschungsergebnis / Forschung / Daten / Hyperlink

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Abstract

Purpose - The paper aims to argue that digital library retrieval should be based on semantic representations and propose a semantic infrastructure for digital libraries. Design/methodology/approach - The approach taken is formal model based on subject representation for digital libraries. Findings - Search engines and search techniques have fallen short of user expectations as they do not give context based retrieval. Deploying semantic web technologies would lead to efficient and more precise representation of digital library content and hence better retrieval. Though digital libraries often have metadata of information resources which can be accessed through OAI-PMH, much remains to be accomplished in making digital libraries semantic web compliant. This paper presents a semantic infrastructure for digital libraries, that will go a long way in providing them and web based information services with products highly customised to users needs. Research limitations/implications - Here only a model for semantic infrastructure is proposed. This model is proposed after studying current user-centric, top-down models adopted in digital library service architectures. Originality/value - This paper gives a generic model for building semantic infrastructure for digital libraries. Faceted ontologies for digital libraries is just one approach. But the same may be adopted by groups working with different approaches in building ontologies to realise efficient retrieval in digital libraries.

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Abstract

Purpose - The general science portal "vascoda" merges structured, high-quality information collections from more than 40 providers on the basis of search engine technology (FAST) and a concept which treats semantic heterogeneity between different controlled vocabularies. First experiences with the portal show some weaknesses of this approach which come out in most metadata-driven Digital Libraries (DLs) or subject specific portals. The purpose of the paper is to propose models to reduce the semantic complexity in heterogeneous DLs. The aim is to introduce value-added services (treatment of term vagueness and document re-ranking) that gain a certain quality in DLs if they are combined with heterogeneity components established in the project "Competence Center Modeling and Treatment of Semantic Heterogeneity". Design/methodology/approach - Two methods, which are derived from scientometrics and network analysis, will be implemented with the objective to re-rank result sets by the following structural properties: the ranking of the results by core journals (so-called Bradfordizing) and ranking by centrality of authors in co-authorship networks. Findings - The methods, which will be implemented, focus on the query and on the result side of a search and are designed to positively influence each other. Conceptually, they will improve the search quality and guarantee that the most relevant documents in result sets will be ranked higher. Originality/value - The central impact of the paper focuses on the integration of three structural value-adding methods, which aim at reducing the semantic complexity represented in distributed DLs at several stages in the information retrieval process: query construction, search and ranking and re-ranking.

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Abstract

The current web consists of documents that are highly heterogeneous and hard for machines to understand. The Semantic Web is a progressive movement of the Word Wide Web, aiming at converting the current web of unstructured documents to the web of data. In the Semantic Web, web documents are annotated with metadata using standardized ontology language. These annotated documents are directly processable by machines and it highly improves their usability and usefulness. In Ericsson, similar problems occur. There are massive documents being created with well-defined structures. Though these documents are about domain specific knowledge and can have rich relations, they are currently managed by a traditional search engine, which ignores the rich domain specific information and presents few data to users. Motivated by the Semantic Web, we aim to find standard ways to process these documents, extract rich domain specific information and annotate these data to documents with formal markup languages. We propose this project to develop a domain specific search engine for processing different documents and building explicit relations for them. This research project consists of the three main focuses: examining different domain specific documents and finding ways to extract their metadata; integrating a text search engine with an ontology server; exploring novel ways to build relations for documents. We implement this system and demonstrate its functions. As a prototype, the system provides required features and will be extended in the future.

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use ideas drawn from two founders of American pragmatism, William James and Charles Sanders Peirce, in order to propose a philosophical foundation that supports the value of collaborative tagging and reinforces the structure and goals of the Semantic Web. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a close analysis of key literature by James and Peirce to answer recent calls for a philosophy of the Web and to respond to research in the LIS literature that has assessed the value and limitations of folksonomy. Moreover, pragmatic views are applied to illustrate the relationships among collaborative tagging, linked data, and the Semantic Web. Findings With a philosophical foundation in place, the study highlights the value of the minority tags that fall within the so-called "long tail" of the power law graph, and the importance of granting sufficient time for the full value of folksonomy to be revealed. The discussion goes further to explore how "collaborative tagging" could evolve into "collaborative knowledge" in the form of linked data. Specifically, Peirce's triadic architectonic is shown to foster an understanding of the construction of linked data through the functional requirements for bibliographic records entity-relation model and resource description framework triples, and James's image of the multiverse anticipates the goals Tim Berners-Lee has articulated for the Semantic Web. Originality/value This study is unique in using Jamesian and Peircean thinking to argue for the value of folksonomy and to suggest implications for the Semantic Web.

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Date

20. 2.2009 10:29:39

Source

Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas

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Abstract

Zum zweiten Mal nach 2009 hat in Köln die Konferenz »Semantic Web in Bibliotheken (SWIB)« stattgefunden. Unter Beteiligung von 120 Teilnehmern aus neun Nationen wurde an zwei Tagen über die Semantic Web-Aktivitäten von in- und ausländischen Einrichtungen, ferner seitens des W3C und der Forschung berichtet. Die Konferenz wurde wie im Vorjahr vom Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (hbz) und der Deutschen Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften (ZBW) - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft veranstaltet und war bereits im Vorfeld ausgebucht.

Content

Perspektiven Welche Potenziale das Semantic Web schließlich für Wissenschaft und Forschung bietet, zeigte sich in dem Vortrag von Klaus Tochtermann, Direktor der ZBW. Ausgehend von klassischen Wissensmanagement-Prozessen wie dem Recherchieren, der Bereitstellung, der Organisation und der Erschließung von Fachinformationen wurden hier punktuell die Ansätze für semantische Technologien angesprochen. Ein auch für Bibliotheken typischer Anwendungsfall sei etwa die Erweiterung der syntaktisch-basierten Suche um Konzepte aus Fachvokabularen, mit der die ursprüngliche Sucheingabe ergänzt wird. Auf diese Weise können Forschende, so Tochtermann, wesentlich mehr und gleichzeitig auch relevante Dokumente erschließen. Anette Seiler (hbz), die die Konferenz moderiert hatte, zog abschließend ein positives Fazit des - auch in den Konferenzpausen - sehr lebendigen Austauschs der hiesigen und internationalen Bibliotheksszene. Auch das von den Teilnehmern spontan erbetene Feedback fiel außerordentlich erfreulich aus. Per Handzeichen sprach man sich fast einhellig für eine Fortführung der SWIB aus - für Anette Seiler ein Anlass mehr anzukündigen, dass die SWIB 2011 erneut stattfinden wird, diesmal in Hamburg und voraussichtlich wieder Ende November."