-
Gödert, W.; Hubrich, J.; Boteram, F.: Thematische Recherche und Interoperabilität : Wege zur Optimierung des Zugriffs auf heterogen erschlossene Dokumente (2009)
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- Abstract
- Die Verwendung von Erschließungsinstrumenten zur Beschreibung von Informationsressourcen kann Effizienz und Effektivität thematischer Recherchen wesentlich steigern: standardisierte Begriffe unterstützen Recall und Precision begrifflicher Suchen; Ausweisung von Relationen bietet die Grundlage für explorative Suchprozesse. Eine zusätzliche Steigerung der Funktionalitäten des Retrievals kann mittels einer Ausdifferenzierung und Spezifizierung der in Normdaten enthaltenen semantischen Informationen erreicht werden, die über die in Thesauri und Klassifikationen verbreiteten grundlegenden Relationstypen (äquivalent, hierarchisch, assoziativ) hinausgehen. In modernen Informationsräumen, in denen Daten verschiedener Institutionen über eine Plattform zeit- und ortsunabhängig zugänglich gemacht werden, können einzelne Wissenssysteme indes nur unzureichend das Information Retrieval unterstützen. Zu unterschiedlich sind die für thematische Suchanfragen relevanten Indexierungsdaten. Eine Verbesserung kann mittels Herstellung von Interoperabilität zwischen den verschiedenen Dokumentationssprachen erreicht werden. Im Vortrag wird dargelegt, in welcher Art und Weise die in Wissenssystemen enthaltenen semantischen Informationen zur Unterstützung thematischer Recherchen optimiert werden können und inwiefern Interoperabilität zwischen Systemen geschaffen werden kann, die gleichwertige Funktionalitäten in heterogenen Informationsräumen gewährleisten. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch auf aktuelle Mappingprojekte wie das DFG-Projekt CrissCross oder das RESEDA-Projekt, welches sich mit den Möglichkeiten der semantischen Anreicherung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen befasst, eingegangen.
- Source
- https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bib-info/frontdoor/index/index/searchtype/authorsearch/author/%22Hubrich%2C+Jessica%22/docId/703/start/0/rows/20
-
Neubauer, G.: Visualization of typed links in linked data (2017)
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- Abstract
- Das Themengebiet der Arbeit behandelt Visualisierungen von typisierten Links in Linked Data. Die wissenschaftlichen Gebiete, die im Allgemeinen den Inhalt des Beitrags abgrenzen, sind das Semantic Web, das Web of Data und Informationsvisualisierung. Das Semantic Web, das von Tim Berners Lee 2001 erfunden wurde, stellt eine Erweiterung zum World Wide Web (Web 2.0) dar. Aktuelle Forschungen beziehen sich auf die Verknüpfbarkeit von Informationen im World Wide Web. Um es zu ermöglichen, solche Verbindungen wahrnehmen und verarbeiten zu können sind Visualisierungen die wichtigsten Anforderungen als Hauptteil der Datenverarbeitung. Im Zusammenhang mit dem Sematic Web werden Repräsentationen von zusammenhängenden Informationen anhand von Graphen gehandhabt. Der Grund des Entstehens dieser Arbeit ist in erster Linie die Beschreibung der Gestaltung von Linked Data-Visualisierungskonzepten, deren Prinzipien im Rahmen einer theoretischen Annäherung eingeführt werden. Anhand des Kontexts führt eine schrittweise Erweiterung der Informationen mit dem Ziel, praktische Richtlinien anzubieten, zur Vernetzung dieser ausgearbeiteten Gestaltungsrichtlinien. Indem die Entwürfe zweier alternativer Visualisierungen einer standardisierten Webapplikation beschrieben werden, die Linked Data als Netzwerk visualisiert, konnte ein Test durchgeführt werden, der deren Kompatibilität zum Inhalt hatte. Der praktische Teil behandelt daher die Designphase, die Resultate, und zukünftige Anforderungen des Projektes, die durch die Testung ausgearbeitet wurden.
- Date
- 5. 6.2016 17:23:26
- Source
- Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 70(2017) H.2, S.179-199
-
Jahns, Y.: Sacherschließung - zeitgemäß und zukunftsfähig (2010)
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- Date
- 16. 5.2010 17:23:40
- Source
- Bibliotheksdienst. 44(2010) H.5, S.461-468
-
Gabler, S.: Thesauri - a Toolbox for Information Retrieval (2023)
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- Abstract
- Thesauri sind etablierte Instrumente der bibliothekarischen Sacherschließung. Durch die jüngste technologische Entwicklung und das Aufkommen künstlicher Intelligenz haben sie an Bedeutung gewonnen, da sie in der Lage sind, erklärbare Ergebnisse für die computergestützte Erschließungs- und Konkordanzarbeit mit anderen Datensätzen und Modellen sowie für die Datenvalidierung zu liefern. Ausgehend von bestehenden eigenen Recherchen für eine Masterarbeit wird der Aspekt der Qualitätssicherung in Bibliothekskatalogen anhand ausgewählter Beispiele vertieft.
- Date
- 30. 8.2023 13:15:23
- Source
- Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 47(2023) H.2, S.189-199
-
Balakrishnan, U.; Peters, S.; Voß, J.: Coli-conc : eine Infrastruktur zur Nutzung und Erstellung von Konkordanzen (2021)
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- Abstract
- coli-conc ist eine Dienstleistung der Verbundzentrale des Gemeinsamen Bibliotheksverbundes (VZG). Sie stellt webbasierte Dienste für einen effektiveren Austausch von Wissensorganisationssystemen und für die effiziente Erstellung und Wartung von Mappings zur Verfügung. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den im deutschsprachigen Raum verbreiteten bibliothekarischen Klassifikationen und Normdateien, vor allem den bedeutenden Universalklassifikationen wie Dewey Dezimalklassifikation (DDC), Regensburger Verbundklassifikation (RVK), Basisklassifikation (BK) und den Sachgruppen der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie (SDNB). Dieser Bericht beschreibt den Hintergrund, die Architektur und die Funktionalitäten von coli-conc sowie das Herzstück der Infrastruktur - das Mapping-Tool Cocoda. Außerdem wird auf Maßnahmen zur Qualitätssicherung eingegangen und ein Einblick in das neue Mapping-Verfahren mit dem Konzept- Hub gewährt.
- Date
- 23. 9.2021 16:09:53
- Series
- Bibliotheks- und Informationspraxis; 70
-
Menzel, S.; Schnaitter, H.; Zinck, J.; Petras, V.; Neudecker, C.; Labusch, K.; Leitner, E.; Rehm, G.: Named Entity Linking mit Wikidata und GND : das Potenzial handkuratierter und strukturierter Datenquellen für die semantische Anreicherung von Volltexten (2021)
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- Abstract
- Named Entities (benannte Entitäten) - wie Personen, Organisationen, Orte, Ereignisse und Werke - sind wichtige inhaltstragende Komponenten eines Dokuments und sind daher maßgeblich für eine gute inhaltliche Erschließung. Die Erkennung von Named Entities, deren Auszeichnung (Annotation) und Verfügbarmachung für die Suche sind wichtige Instrumente, um Anwendungen wie z. B. die inhaltliche oder semantische Suche in Texten, dokumentübergreifende Kontextualisierung oder das automatische Textzusammenfassen zu verbessern. Inhaltlich präzise und nachhaltig erschlossen werden die erkannten Named Entities eines Dokuments allerdings erst, wenn sie mit einer oder mehreren Quellen verknüpft werden (Grundprinzip von Linked Data, Berners-Lee 2006), die die Entität eindeutig identifizieren und gegenüber gleichlautenden Entitäten disambiguieren (vergleiche z. B. Berlin als Hauptstadt Deutschlands mit dem Komponisten Irving Berlin). Dazu wird die im Dokument erkannte Entität mit dem Entitätseintrag einer Normdatei oder einer anderen zuvor festgelegten Wissensbasis (z. B. Gazetteer für geografische Entitäten) verknüpft, gewöhnlich über den persistenten Identifikator der jeweiligen Wissensbasis oder Normdatei. Durch die Verknüpfung mit einer Normdatei erfolgt nicht nur die Disambiguierung und Identifikation der Entität, sondern es wird dadurch auch Interoperabilität zu anderen Systemen hergestellt, in denen die gleiche Normdatei benutzt wird, z. B. die Suche nach der Hauptstadt Berlin in verschiedenen Datenbanken bzw. Portalen. Die Entitätenverknüpfung (Named Entity Linking, NEL) hat zudem den Vorteil, dass die Normdateien oftmals Relationen zwischen Entitäten enthalten, sodass Dokumente, in denen Named Entities erkannt wurden, zusätzlich auch im Kontext einer größeren Netzwerkstruktur von Entitäten verortet und suchbar gemacht werden können
- Date
- 23. 9.2021 16:09:53
23. 9.2021 19:37:38
- Series
- Bibliotheks- und Informationspraxis; 70
-
Schubert, C.; Kinkeldey, C.; Reich, H.: Handbuch Datenbankanwendung zur Wissensrepräsentation im Verbundprojekt DeCOVER (2006)
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- Abstract
- Die Datenbank basierte Objektartenbeschreibung dient zur eigenschaftsbasierten Aufnahme aller Objektarten der Kataloge BNTK, CLC; GMES M 2.1, ATKIS und des DeCOVER Vorschlags. Das Ziel der Datenbankanwendung besteht in der 'manuellen' Beziehungsauswertung und Darstellung der gesamten Objektarten bezogen auf die erstellte Wissensrepräsentation. Anhand einer hierarchisch strukturierten Wissensrepräsentation lassen sich mit Ontologien Überführungen von Objektarten verwirklichen, die im Sinne der semantischen Interoperabilität als Zielstellung in dem Verbundprojekt DeCOVER besteht.
- Date
- 29. 1.2011 18:45:23
-
Niggemann, E.: Wer suchet, der findet? : Verbesserung der inhaltlichen Suchmöglichkeiten im Informationssystem Der Deutschen Bibliothek (2006)
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- Abstract
- Elektronische Bibliothekskataloge und Bibliografien haben ihr Monopol bei der Suche nach Büchern, Aufsätzen, musikalischen Werken u. a. verloren. Globale Suchmaschinen sind starke Konkurrenten, und Bibliotheken müssen heute so planen, dass ihre Dienstleistungen auch morgen noch interessant sind. Die Deutsche Bibliothek (DDB) wird ihre traditionelle Katalogrecherche zu einem globalen, netzbasierten Informationssystem erweitern, das die Vorteile der neutralen, qualitätsbasierten Katalogsuche mit den Vorteilen moderner Suchmaschinen zu verbinden sucht. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Verbesserung der inhaltlichen Suchmöglichkeiten im Informationssystem Der Deutschen Bibliothek. Weitere Entwicklungsstränge sollen nur kurz im Ausblick angerissen werden.
- Date
- 13.10.2006 9:35:23
- Source
- Information und Sprache: Beiträge zu Informationswissenschaft, Computerlinguistik, Bibliothekswesen und verwandten Fächern. Festschrift für Harald H. Zimmermann. Herausgegeben von Ilse Harms, Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt und Hans W. Giessen
-
Heel, F.: Abbildungen zwischen der Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation (DDC), der Regensburger Verbundklassifikation (RVK) und der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) für die Recherche in heterogen erschlossenen Datenbeständen : Möglichkeiten und Problembereiche (2007)
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- Abstract
- Eine einheitliche Sacherschließung in Deutschland wird durch die Vielzahl an vorhandenen und verwendeten Erschließungssystemen, Universal-, Fachklassifikationen und Fachthesauri erschwert. Den Benutzern von Bibliothekskatalogen oder Datenbanken fällt es daher schwer, themenspezifische Recherchen in heterogen erschlossenen Datenbeständen durchzuführen. In diesem Fall müssen die Nutzer derzeit nämlich den Umgang mit mehreren Erschließungsinstrumenten erlernen und verschiedene Suchanfragen anwenden, um das gewünschte Rechercheergebnis datenbankübergreifend zu erreichen. Um dem Benutzer einen einheitlichen Zugang zu heterogen erschlossenen Datenbeständen zu gewährleisten und gleichzeitig auch den Arbeitsaufwand für die Bibliothekare zu reduzieren, ist die Erstellung eines so genannten "Integrierten Retrievals" sinnvoll. Durch die Verknüpfung der unterschiedlichen Sacherschließungssysteme mit Hilfe von Konkordanzen wird es dem Nutzer ermöglicht, mit einem ihm vertrauten Vokabular eine sachliche Recherche in unterschiedlich erschlossenen Datenbeständen durchzuführen, ohne die spezifischen Besonderheiten der verschiedenen Erschließungsinstrumente kennen zu müssen. In dieser Arbeit sind exemplarisch drei Abbildungen für den Fachbereich der Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften zwischen den für Deutschland wichtigsten Sacherschließungssystemen Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation (DDC), Regensburger Verbundklassifikation (RVK) und Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) erstellt worden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit sollen einen ersten Überblick über spezifische Problemfelder und Möglichkeiten der hier erstellten Konkordanzen DDC - RVK, SWD - DDC und SWD - RVK liefern, um damit die Erstellung eines zukünftigen Recherchetools (und gegebenenfalls einer Klassifizierungshilfe) voranzutreiben. Die erstellten Konkordanzen liegen der Arbeit als Anhang bei.
- Content
- Bachelorarbeit im Studiengang Bibliotheks- und Informationsmanagement, Fakultät Information und Kommunikation, Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart
- Date
- 23.10.2007 19:23:28
- Imprint
- Stuttgart : Hochschule der Medien / Fakultät Information und Kommunikation
-
Balakrishnan, U.: DFG-Projekt: Coli-conc : das Mapping Tool "Cocoda" (2016)
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- Abstract
- Der Beitrag beschreibt das Projekt Coli-conc, das von der Verbundzentrale des Gemeinsamen Bibliotheksverbunds (GBV) betreut wird. Ziel ist die Entwicklung einer Infrastruktur für den Austausch, die Erstellung und die Wartung von Konkordanzen zwischen bibliothekarischen Wissensorganisationssystemen.
- Date
- 12. 3.2016 11:23:44
-
Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
- Date
- 14. 7.2012 17:23:34
-
Dini, L.: CACAO : multilingual access to bibliographic records (2007)
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- Content
- Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".
- Date
- 20. 1.2008 17:42:23
-
Klasing, M.: Crosskonkordanzen als Möglichkeit zur Heterogenitätsbehandlung : dargestellt am Projekt CrissCross (2008)
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- Abstract
- In Zeiten, in denen der schnelle und einfache Zugriff auf strukturierte und umfangreiche Datenbestände zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt, stellt die Heterogenität eben dieser Bestände ein großes Problem dar. Die meisten Bibliothekskataloge, Datenbanken usw. sind inhaltlich durch unterschiedliche Instrumente erschlossen, was für den Benutzer eine gewisse Einarbeitungszeit in jedes Erschließungsinstrument sowie die Notwendigkeit zur wiederholten und neu formulierten Suche in den unterschiedlich erschlossenen Datenbeständen bedeutet. Als Möglichkeit zur Behandlung der Heterogenitätsproblematik kommen beispielsweise Crosskonkordanzen in Betracht, durch welche semantisch übereinstimmende Schlagwörter, Deskriptoren bzw. Notationen verschiedener Erschließungsinstrumente intellektuell miteinander verbunden werden, so dass mit identischer Suchfrage mehrere unterschiedlich erschlossene Datenbestände durchsucht werden können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll die Problematik heterogener Datenbestände sowie die Behandlungsmöglichkeit durch Crosskonkordanzen beschrieben werden. Die konkretisierende Darstellung erfolgt anhand des Projektes CrissCross, einem gemeinschaftlichen Projekt der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek und der Fachhochschule Köln, in dem Crosskonkordanzen zwischen den Erschließungsinstrumenten SWD, DDC sowie LCSH und RAMEAU erstellt werden. Besonderheiten des Projektes CrissCross sind neben der Multilingualität und der Verbindung von verbalen und klassifikatorischen Erschließungsinstrumenten auch eine intellektuelle Gewichtung der Beziehungsstärke zweier verknüpfter Terme, die so genannte Determiniertheit. Neben den integrierten Erschließungsinstrumenten wird auch die konkrete Vorgehensweise ihrer Verbindung erläutert. Des Weiteren werden die Problemfelder des Projektes und im Besonderen denkbare Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Projektergebnisse vorgestellt, die wesentlich zur Lösung der Heterogenitätsproblematik und somit zu einer Verbesserung des Retrievals für den Benutzer beitragen können.
- Date
- 23. 2.2005 10:27:09
-
Hubrich, J.: Thematische Suche in heterogenen Informationsräumen (2010)
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- Abstract
- Wissensorganisationssysteme unterstützen inhaltsbezogene Recherche- und Explorationsprozesse, indem sie a priori Beziehungen zwischen Begriffen ausweisen und einen standardisierten Zugriff auf Informationen ermöglichen. In heterogen erschlossenen Informationsräumen ist ihre Funktionalität indes eingeschränkt, da sie lediglich die Suche nach den Informationsressourcen, die mit ihnen erschlossen wurden, effizienter gestalten. Dokumente, deren inhaltliche Beschreibung auf der Grundlage von sprachlich, strukturell und typologisch unterschiedlichen Begriffssystemen erfolgte, werden hingegen nicht gefunden. Dies führt zu einem unzureichenden Recall und macht zusätzliche Recherchen notwendig. Mittels der Herstellung von Verbindungen zwischen Begriffen unterschiedlicher Dokumentationssprachen wird der standardisierte Zugriff auf Informationen erweitert und das Potential einzelner Erschließungsinstrumente über Teilmengen hinaus nutzbar. Vor dem Hintergrund, über welche inhaltlichen Qualitäten die erstellten Links verfügen, lassen sich drei Arten semantischer Interoperabilität unterscheiden, die mit jeweils anderen Implikationen für Retrievalszenarien einhergehen: wortbasierte, begriffliche und differenzierte Interoperabilität.
In dem von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten und von der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (DNB) in Kooperation mit der Fachhochschule Köln durchgeführten Projekt CrissCross wird eine begriffliche und differenzierte Interoperabilität zwischen der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) und der Dewey- Dezimalklassifikation (DDC) realisiert. In diesem Beitrag wird unter Berücksichtigung der Charakteristika der beiden Begriffssysteme dargelegt, welche Möglichkeiten die SWD-DDC-Mappings sowohl zur Unterstützung von inhaltsbezogenen Such- und Explorationsprozessen als auch zur Strukturierung von Treffermengen bieten.
- Date
- 20. 3.2011 13:23:08
- Series
- Schriften der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare (VÖB); Band 7
-
Steeg, F.; Pohl, A.: ¬Ein Protokoll für den Datenabgleich im Web am Beispiel von OpenRefine und der Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) (2021)
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- Abstract
- Normdaten spielen speziell im Hinblick auf die Qualität der Inhaltserschließung bibliografischer und archivalischer Ressourcen eine wichtige Rolle. Ein konkretes Ziel der Inhaltserschließung ist z. B., dass alle Werke über Hermann Hesse einheitlich zu finden sind. Hier bieten Normdaten eine Lösung, indem z. B. bei der Erschließung einheitlich die GND-Nummer 11855042X für Hermann Hesse verwendet wird. Das Ergebnis ist eine höhere Qualität der Inhaltserschließung vor allem im Sinne von Einheitlichkeit und Eindeutigkeit und, daraus resultierend, eine bessere Auffindbarkeit. Werden solche Entitäten miteinander verknüpft, z. B. Hermann Hesse mit einem seiner Werke, entsteht ein Knowledge Graph, wie ihn etwa Google bei der Inhaltserschließung des Web verwendet (Singhal 2012). Die Entwicklung des Google Knowledge Graph und das hier vorgestellte Protokoll sind historisch miteinander verbunden: OpenRefine wurde ursprünglich als Google Refine entwickelt, und die Funktionalität zum Abgleich mit externen Datenquellen (Reconciliation) wurde ursprünglich zur Einbindung von Freebase entwickelt, einer der Datenquellen des Google Knowledge Graph. Freebase wurde später in Wikidata integriert. Schon Google Refine wurde zum Abgleich mit Normdaten verwendet, etwa den Library of Congress Subject Headings (Hooland et al. 2013).
- Date
- 23. 9.2021 16:09:53
- Series
- Bibliotheks- und Informationspraxis; 70
-
Ehrig, M.; Studer, R.: Wissensvernetzung durch Ontologien (2006)
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- Abstract
- In der Informatik sind Ontologien formale Modelle eines Anwendungsbereiches, die die Kommunikation zwischen menschlichen und/oder maschinellen Akteuren unterstützen und damit den Austausch und das Teilen von Wissen in Unternehmen erleichtern. Ontologien zur strukturierten Darstellung von Wissen zu nutzen hat deshalb in den letzten Jahren zunehmende Verbreitung gefunden. Schon heute existieren weltweit tausende Ontologien. Um Interoperabilität zwischen darauf aufbauenden Softwareagenten oder Webservices zu ermöglichen, ist die semantische Integration der Ontologien eine zwingendnotwendige Vorraussetzung. Wie man sieh leicht verdeutlichen kann, ist die rein manuelle Erstellung der Abbildungen ab einer bestimmten Größe. Komplexität und Veränderungsrate der Ontologien nicht mehr ohne weiteres möglich. Automatische oder semiautomatische Technologien müssen den Nutzer darin unterstützen. Das Integrationsproblem beschäftigt Forschung und Industrie schon seit vielen Jahren z. B. im Bereich der Datenbankintegration. Neu ist jedoch die Möglichkeit komplexe semantische Informationen. wie sie in Ontologien vorhanden sind, einzubeziehen. Zur Ontologieintegration wird in diesem Kapitel ein sechsstufiger genereller Prozess basierend auf den semantischen Strukturen eingeführt. Erweiterungen beschäftigen sich mit der Effizienz oder der optimalen Nutzereinbindung in diesen Prozess. Außerdem werden zwei Anwendungen vorgestellt, in denen dieser Prozess erfolgreich umgesetzt wurde. In einem abschließenden Fazit werden neue aktuelle Trends angesprochen. Da die Ansätze prinzipiell auf jedes Schema übertragbar sind, das eine semantische Basis enthält, geht der Einsatzbereich dieser Forschung weit über reine Ontologieanwendungen hinaus.
- Date
- 13. 8.2006 19:43:23
-
Bellotto, A.; Bekesi, J.: Enriching metadata for a university repository by modelling and infrastructure : a new vocabulary server for Phaidra (2019)
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- Date
- 5. 6.2016 17:23:26
- Source
- Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 72(2019) H.2-4, S.446-459
-
Strötgen, R.: Anfragetransfers zur Integration von Internetquellen in Digitalen Bibliotheken auf der Grundlage statistischer Termrelationen (2007)
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- Abstract
- In Digitalen Bibliotheken als integrierten Zugängen zu in der Regel mehreren verschiedenen Dokumentsammlungen tritt Heterogenität in vielerlei Spielarten auf: - als technische Heterogenität durch das Zusammenspiel verschiedener Betriebs-, Datenbank- oder Softwaresysteme, - als strukturelle Heterogenität durch das Auftreten verschiedener Dokumentstrukturen und Metadaten-Standards und schließlich - als semantische Heterogenität, wenn Dokumente mit Hilfe unterschiedlicher Ontologien (hier verwendet im weiteren Sinn von Dokumentationssprachen wie Thesauri und Klassifikationen) erschlossen wurden oder aber Dokumente überhaupt nicht mit Metadaten ausgezeichnet wurden. Semantische Heterogenität lässt sich behandeln, indem die Standardisierung von Metadaten (z.B. von der Dublin Core Metadata Initiative oder das Resource Description Framework (RDF) im Kontext des Semantic Web) vorangetrieben und ihre Verwendung gefördert wird. Allerdings besteht auf Grund der unterschiedlichen Interessen aller beteiligten Partner (u.a. Bibliotheken, Dokumentationsstellen, Datenbankproduzenten, "freie" Anbieter von Dokumentsammlungen und Datenbanken) kaum die Aussicht, dass sich durch diese Standardisierung semantische Heterogenität restlos beseitigen lässt. Insbesondere ist eine einheitliche Verwendung von Vokabularen und Ontologien nicht in Sicht. Im Projekt CARMEN wurde unter anderem das Problem der semantischen Heterogenität einerseits durch die automatische Extraktion von Metadaten aus Internetdokumenten und andererseits durch Systeme zur Transformation von Anfragen über Cross-Konkordanzen und statistisch erzeugte Relationen angegangen. Ein Teil der Ergebnisse der Arbeiten am IZ Sozialwissenschaften waren statistische Relationen zwischen Deskriptoren, die mittels Kookurrenzbeziehungen berechnet wurden. Diese Relationen wurden dann für die Übersetzung von Anfragen genutzt, um zwischen verschiedenen Ontologien oder auch Freitexttermen zu vermitteln. Das Ziel dieser Übersetzung ist die Verbesserung des (automatischen) Überstiegs zwischen unterschiedlich erschlossenen Dokumentbeständen, z.B. Fachdatenbanken und Internetdokumenten, als Lösungsansatz zur Behandlung semantischer Heterogenität.
-
Bandholtz, T.; Schulte-Coerne, T.; Glaser, R.; Fock, J.; Keller, T.: iQvoc - open source SKOS(XL) maintenance and publishing tool (2010)
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- Date
- 24.10.2014 19:24:23
- Theme
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
-
Gabler, S.: Vergabe von DDC-Sachgruppen mittels eines Schlagwort-Thesaurus (2021)
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- Abstract
- Vorgestellt wird die Konstruktion eines thematisch geordneten Thesaurus auf Basis der Sachschlagwörter der Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) unter Nutzung der darin enthaltenen DDC-Notationen. Oberste Ordnungsebene dieses Thesaurus werden die DDC-Sachgruppen der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Die Konstruktion des Thesaurus erfolgt regelbasiert unter der Nutzung von Linked Data Prinzipien in einem SPARQL Prozessor. Der Thesaurus dient der automatisierten Gewinnung von Metadaten aus wissenschaftlichen Publikationen mittels eines computerlinguistischen Extraktors. Hierzu werden digitale Volltexte verarbeitet. Dieser ermittelt die gefundenen Schlagwörter über Vergleich der Zeichenfolgen Benennungen im Thesaurus, ordnet die Treffer nach Relevanz im Text und gibt die zugeordne-ten Sachgruppen rangordnend zurück. Die grundlegende Annahme dabei ist, dass die gesuchte Sachgruppe unter den oberen Rängen zurückgegeben wird. In einem dreistufigen Verfahren wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des Verfahrens validiert. Hierzu wird zunächst anhand von Metadaten und Erkenntnissen einer Kurzautopsie ein Goldstandard aus Dokumenten erstellt, die im Online-Katalog der DNB abrufbar sind. Die Dokumente vertei-len sich über 14 der Sachgruppen mit einer Losgröße von jeweils 50 Dokumenten. Sämtliche Dokumente werden mit dem Extraktor erschlossen und die Ergebnisse der Kategorisierung do-kumentiert. Schließlich wird die sich daraus ergebende Retrievalleistung sowohl für eine harte (binäre) Kategorisierung als auch eine rangordnende Rückgabe der Sachgruppen beurteilt.
- Content
- Master thesis Master of Science (Library and Information Studies) (MSc), Universität Wien. Advisor: Christoph Steiner. Vgl.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371680244_Vergabe_von_DDC-Sachgruppen_mittels_eines_Schlagwort-Thesaurus. DOI: 10.25365/thesis.70030. Vgl. dazu die Präsentation unter: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=0CAIQw7AJahcKEwjwoZzzytz_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.dnb.de%2Fdownload%2Fattachments%2F252121510%2FDA3%2520Workshop-Gabler.pdf%3Fversion%3D1%26modificationDate%3D1671093170000%26api%3Dv2&psig=AOvVaw0szwENK1or3HevgvIDOfjx&ust=1687719410889597&opi=89978449.
