Search (171 results, page 9 of 9)

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Abstract

Clustering is an effective way of organizing documents into collections for ease of browsing. Recently with the growth of WWW, clustering has become a paradigm for organizing search results. Online systems face many new challenges, including the need for fast response time, generating high quality clusters with simple descriptions for novice users, and working with document distributions that violates many traditional assumptions. How do different clustering algorithms trade off quality of clusters and speed? What modifications are necessary to adapt traditional clustering algorithm to the WWW? How do these system scale to larger document collection? How do these systems evaluate the quality of the cluster they generate? How are the clusters generated in each case, and are there any processing after cluster generation to improve on the cluster quality?

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Abstract

The growth of medical, academic resources on the World Wide Web has led to much greater incentives and opportunities for nursing and medical students, researchers and practitioners to access Web resources. However, usersindividual differences and the variety of information-retrieval mechanisms provided by medical web resources may combine to reduce the benefits of this information resource. In a study designed to qualitatively analyse the interaction of such individual- and system-differences, a reliable method of representing WWW navigational data was found to be important in assisting traditional methodologies of representation and analysis. The methodology of graphically representing such navigational data, and the support such a technique may offer the qualitative analysis of user-system interactions, is thus described in detail and with reference to one specific example drawn from the data collected. Further, some preliminary findings deriving from the use of graphical and more traditional methodologies in this study are also represented

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Abstract

A model is proposed that is motivated by the growing theoretical importance of the affective domain in information science (IS) and human-computer interaction (HCI), and the increased need for integrated models that provide an explicit account of how human mental and physiological systems dynamically interact in task performance with information systems. The ecological constructionism framework defines a social and biological information technology that is created through the dynamic intersection of technological affordances in symbiotic interaction with affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor information procedures that users creatively construct to satisfice the social practices inherent in information settings. Samples of spontaneous user discourse were mapped, demonstrating the model's suitability for charting the flow of mental procedures that users perform in interaction with information systems. The framework is shown to be compatible with the research focus in the literature on information behavior in IS and user affect in HCI. It also addresses current challenges to create more versatile architectures integrating technology, biology, and community into organic or synergic systems. The model specifies the components and dynamics of a human-computer symbiotic information environment.

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Abstract

Over time, researchers have acknowledged the importance of understanding the users' strategies in the design of search systems. However, when involving users in the comparison of search systems, methodological challenges still exist as researchers are pondering on how to handle the variability that human participants bring to the comparisons. This paper present methods for controlling the complexity of user-centered evaluations of search user interfaces through within-subjects designs, balanced task sets, time limitations, pre-formulated queries, cached result pages, and through limiting the users' access to result documents. Additionally, we will present our experiences in using three measures - search speed, qualified search speed, and immediate accuracy - to facilitate the comparison of different search systems over studies.

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Abstract

There is a huge amount of information and data stored in publicly available online databases that consist of large text files accessed by Boolean search techniques. It is widely held that less use is made of theses databases than could or should be the case, and that one reason for this is that potential users find it difficult to identify which databases to search, to use the various command languages of the hosts and to construct the Boolean search statements required. This reasoning has stimulated a considerable amount of exploration and development work on the construction of search interfaces, to aid the inexperienced user to gain effective access to these databases. The aim of our paper is to review aspects of the design of such interfaces; to indicate the requirements that must be met if maximum aid is to be offered to the inexperienced searcher; to spell out the knowledge that must be incorporated in an interface if such aid is to be given; to describe some of the solutions that have been implemented in experimental and operational interfaces; and to discuss some of the problems encountered. The paper closes with an extensive bibliography of references relevant to online search aids, going well beyond the items explicitly mentioned in the text. An index to software appears after the bibliography at the end of the paper

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Abstract

Describes the development, by the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Malaya University, of ONLIS (Online Library Information System), a customized user interface for coputerized MARC cataloguing and information retrieval, targeted for use in small libraries and information centres. Micro CDS/ISIS ver. 3.07 software package and its built in PAscal language were used for the design process and development. Design philosophy centres on the development of a very user friendly and simple interface, capable of mimicking the salient features of a contemporary commercial library package, yet easy to implement and maintain in a small library environment requiring little or no technical expertise. The system incorporates many new features and comprises 2 main components: data entry and file maintenace; and information retrieval. A security system is incorporated into the former environment to ensure data integrity and regulate important file maintenance tasks. While the system is ready for immediate implementation in libraries, modifications and enhancements are currently being undertaken to make it a truly reliable product. Concludes that some degree of user training in MARC and cataloguing using AACR2 is necessary to get the maximum benefits from the systems

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Abstract

This paper outlines strategies and methods for tackling the enormous challenges presented by an emerging Information Society in which the resources of libraries and museums are gradually being made available on-line in electronic form. It begins from two fundamental premises: first, that the experience of libraries, museums, archives and similar institutions in organising, ordering, classing and accessing knowledge is an obvious point of departure for serious strategies of search and access. A second premise is that the methods used for presentation of knowledge in libraries offer valuable clues for a coherent access, interface and strategy, offering a key to a common look and feel for all our activities, be it creating, classing, publishing or accessing. Following from these premises is a new approach to the traditions of knowledge collection, organisation and retrieval. At one end of the spectrum there has been a dream that everything could be collected in one centralized institution. This inspired the Library of Alexandria, the British Museum and a host of other efforts. At the other end of the spectrum there has been an assumption that everything could be decentralised in a completely distributed system. Our claim is that neither of these extremes can work, which means that a new model is called for: a centralised repository of meta-data, a digital reference room which is effectively a cumulative collection of all existing reference sections in libraries and museums

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Abstract

This is a propitious time for information science. The WWW has propelled information services into the public eye as never before, and information professionals are sought out in all walks of life to assist people with work, learning and play in the information environment. Classical information retrieval has yielded novel techniques for applying computers to retrieval problems, including WWW search engines. The classical model of retrieval is one of matching queries to documents and ranking these matches. It is apparent, however, that a new model of retrieval is needed as people access large-scale digital libraries of multimedia content and vast collections of unstructured data in the WWW. What is needed are ways to bring human intelligence and attention more actively into the search process. To this end, researchers are beginning to combine the lessons from designing highly interactive user interfaces with the lessons from human information behavior to create new kinds of search systems that depend on continuous human control of the search process. I call this hybrid approach to the challenges of information seeking, human-computer information retrieval (HCIR). Though human-computer information interaction is perhaps a more expansive and appropriate phrase, the HCIR phrase unites two well-known fields/communities of practice and is thus adopted here. HCIR aims to empower people to explore large-scale information bases but demands that people also take responsibility for this control by expending cognitive and physical energy. This paper outlines the basic motivations and concepts of HCIR and presents design goals and challenges that are informed by two ongoing HCIR projects.

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Abstract

This article presents one part of a wider study, performed at the Department of library and information science and book studies (LIS & BS) at the University of Ljubljana (UL). The study investigated the perceptions of user friendliness of information-retrieval systems (IRS) and the role of individual characteristics of users in these perceptions. Based on an expert study, a user study with 61 postgraduate students of the UL was performed. Three interfaces of e-journals were studied: Science Direct, Proquest Direct, and Ebsco Host. Questionnaires and observations were used for data collection. The users'perceptions of user friendliness and of importance of auxiliary functions were investigated. Also, the connections between these perceptions and the users'individual characteristics were identified. Three sets of individual characteristics were included: approaches to studying, thinking styles, and hemisphere leanings. In connection with the dimensions of individual characteristics, very different perceptions of user friendliness were expressed. Some dimensions of individual characteristics were also found to be connected to the users'academic areas. It is shown that participants from different academic areas have different requirements and perceptions of user friendliness. The results of the study are relevant for the design of the user interfaces of disciplinary IR systems. They also have implications for other areas, for example, user education and training.

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Abstract

The recent explosion of the Internet and the WWW has made digital libraries popular. Easy access to a digital library is provided by commercially available Web browsers, which provide a user-friendly interface. To retrieve documents of interest, the user is provided with a search interface that may only consist of one input field and one push button. Most users type in a single keyword, click the button, and hope for the best. The result of a query using this kind of search interface can consist of a large unordered set of documents, or a ranked list of documents based on the freuqency of the keywords. Both lists can contain articles unrelated to the user's inquiry unless a sophisticated search was performed and the user knows exactly what to look for. More sophisticated algorithms for ranking the search results according to how well they meet the users needs as expressed in the search input may help. However, what is desperately needed are software tools that can analyze the search result and manipulate large hierarchies of data graphically. In this article we describe the design of a language-independent document classification systems being developed to help users of the Florida Center for Library Automation analyze search query results. Easy access through the Web is provided, as well as a graphical user interface to display the classification results. We also describe the use of this system to retrieve and analyze sets of documents from public Web sites

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Abstract

The paper presents findings based on user feedback and opinion of online public access catalogues as tools for finding, identifying, and selecting bibliographic materials in a public library setting. Participants spoke their thoughts aloud while conducting known-item searches. The findings describe an iterative process of action, observation, identification, and emotion.