Search (50 results, page 2 of 3)

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Abstract

The OASIS project is undergoing a complete revision in order to give a flexible graphical interface, more powerful analysis tools, and broader searching capabilities. A new X Windows interface is being linked to a search and analysis backend written primarily in Emacs Lisp to take advantage of its advanced string processing functions and multiple buffering features

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Source

Information und Märkte: 50. Deutscher Dokumentartag 1998, Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dokumentation e.V. (DGD), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 22.-24. September 1998. Hrsg. von Marlies Ockenfeld u. Gerhard J. Mantwill

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Source

Information und Märkte: 50. Deutscher Dokumentartag 1998, Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dokumentation e.V. (DGD), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 22.-24. September 1998. Hrsg. von Marlies Ockenfeld u. Gerhard J. Mantwill

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Abstract

Recent advances in technology assume a separation of content and presentation with respect to data structures. In terms of access, however, there are important reasons for relating content and presentation (differnt views, perspectives). The paper outlines some fundamental concepts underlying a prototype for a System for Universal Media Searching (SUMS), namely, learning filters, and knowledge contexts, levels of knowledge, questions as strategy: pupose as orientation; media choices, quality, quantity, questions, space using maps and projections; multi-temporal views and integrating tools. It foresees how such a system, linked with the equivalent of a digital reference room, will provide the basis for a System for Universal Multimedia Access (SUMMA). The latter part of the paper addresses recent developments in three-dimensional interfaces. It claims that these are particularly suited for certain tasks such as visualising conncetions in conceptual spaces; seeing invisible differences as well as comprehension and prediction by seeing absence. It suggests also some ways in which two- and three-dimensional interfaces can be used in complementary ways

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Abstract

Information retrieval systems such as library OPACs have been largely designed to give the impression of being single user systems, the existence and activity of other users being hidden from each other. However, informal observations indicate significant collaboration between users despite the fact that existing systems fail to support this. Describes the development of an interface, the Ariadne system, that supports collaboration through the storage and re-use of others' search processes promoting better visualization of the information data structures being browsed and more effective means of communicating the browsing process. Discusses issues relating to privacy and ownership resulting from the storage of users' searches. Argues that introducing support for collaboration into information retrieval systems would help users to learn and use the systems more effectively

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Abstract

Current research on user interfaces to online public access catalogs is reviewed in an attempt to identify research methods and findings applicable to the design of effective user interfaces to online public access catalogs. A broad definition of user interface is employed which includes data structures, in addition to searching and indexing software. The following features of online public access catalogs are discussed: the demonstration of relationships between records, the provision of entry vocabularies, the arrangement of multiple entries on the screen, the provision of access points, the display of single records, and the division of the catalog into separate files or indexes. For each feature, user studies and other research on online public access catalogs are reviewed and those findings summarized which provide insight into user needs concerning that particular feature; issues are identified and directions for further research are suggested. Implications for cataloging codes and standards and system design are discussed

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Abstract

Reports results of a study to compare 3 CD-ROM interfaces working on MEDLINE databases: SPIRS (ver. 3.11) and WinSPIRS (ver. 1.0) from SilverPlatter and OVID (ver. 3.0, DOS and WINDOWS interfaces) from CD Plus Technologies (now OVID Technologies). Though the database is the same, there are substantial differences between the interfaces in the way the data is presented and can be searched. Discusses these different approaches and includes a detailed comparative table. Concludes that all 3 interfaces are good yet none of them is perfect; each has desirable and unfortunate features. Together, they offer an enormous range of possibilities. Users would benefit if most of the better features listed (such as easy menu, free text retrieval, pre exploded thesaurus terms) were implemented in future versions of these interfaces and if system operators were given greater latitude to determine the system defaults appropriate to their specific situations and customers. A full, comparative table of features are presented for SPIRS, WinSPIRS, OVID(DOS) and OVID(Windows)

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Abstract

Capability and capacity in handling the topology of a special subject information field has made infomapping techniques and systems instrumental in information searching, monitoring and navigation. Applying the technique to communication networks can reveal the intellectual relationships among junior and senior researchers in the field, and can also show the continuing popularity of a particular researcher's citation record over time. Reports the use of Java in making a cartoon series of chronological maps based on citation analysis on a special subject field (nutrition and dietetics). The map making methods, Java programming, and statistical analysis of the map data are presented, and the advantage and significance of constructing Java maps in enhancing information retrieval discussed. Further technical developments in applying VRML to link together a 3-D spatial indexing system and a 2-D HTML Web site are suggested

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Abstract

This paper discusses constraints in knowledge organisation for information retrieval introduced by the difficulty of separating logical views of data, information, concepts and their relationships, from the physical means by which we seek to implement retrieval systems. A parallel is drawn between the move from enumerated to faceted classification and the emergence of relational database management systems to replace those adopting a hierarchical structure. This parallel suggests a convergence of ideas which have been, to a large extent, developed independently. The role of post-coordinated retrieval systems and thesauri is then examined before an interface design (HIBROWSE - a High resolution Interface for BROWsing and SEarching databases), is described which brings together the principles of faceted classification and increases the bandwidth of interaction through view-based searching.

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Abstract

Decribes the BookHouse, a system for the retrieval and indexing of fiction and non fiction literature developed for public and school libraries though cooperation between library and information science professionals. Discusses 3 aspects of the system: domain characteristic; task analysis; and user characteristics. Outlines the framework underlying the collection of field data with special emphasis on the work involved in transforming the empirical field studies of user behaviour in the library into computer system specifications and subsequent design of a retrieval system providing subject access to fiction. Describes a few of the many indexing policies, rules and practices which evolved for concept identification and book descriptions as well as the functionality and associated displays of the system for supporting the retrieval and indexing of fiction

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Source

Information processing and management. 30(1994) no.4, S.499-513

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Abstract

There are 2 ways to use Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques: as a user interface coupled with a factual database or as an integrated part of a system which deals with a textual database. Describes Telmi, an information retrieval system designed for use with medium sized databases of short text and MGS, a commercialized system used in France Telecom. Telmi is integrated into a production scale prototype which implements a Minitel information service for the public. Discusses the Minitel service and user needs; MGS; the Telmi research system and the full version, the NLP architecture, the lexical and semantic levels; an example of the use of a generic system and the development of a multilingual system

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Abstract

There is a huge amount of information and data stored in publicly available online databases that consist of large text files accessed by Boolean search techniques. It is widely held that less use is made of theses databases than could or should be the case, and that one reason for this is that potential users find it difficult to identify which databases to search, to use the various command languages of the hosts and to construct the Boolean search statements required. This reasoning has stimulated a considerable amount of exploration and development work on the construction of search interfaces, to aid the inexperienced user to gain effective access to these databases. The aim of our paper is to review aspects of the design of such interfaces; to indicate the requirements that must be met if maximum aid is to be offered to the inexperienced searcher; to spell out the knowledge that must be incorporated in an interface if such aid is to be given; to describe some of the solutions that have been implemented in experimental and operational interfaces; and to discuss some of the problems encountered. The paper closes with an extensive bibliography of references relevant to online search aids, going well beyond the items explicitly mentioned in the text. An index to software appears after the bibliography at the end of the paper

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Abstract

This paper outlines strategies and methods for tackling the enormous challenges presented by an emerging Information Society in which the resources of libraries and museums are gradually being made available on-line in electronic form. It begins from two fundamental premises: first, that the experience of libraries, museums, archives and similar institutions in organising, ordering, classing and accessing knowledge is an obvious point of departure for serious strategies of search and access. A second premise is that the methods used for presentation of knowledge in libraries offer valuable clues for a coherent access, interface and strategy, offering a key to a common look and feel for all our activities, be it creating, classing, publishing or accessing. Following from these premises is a new approach to the traditions of knowledge collection, organisation and retrieval. At one end of the spectrum there has been a dream that everything could be collected in one centralized institution. This inspired the Library of Alexandria, the British Museum and a host of other efforts. At the other end of the spectrum there has been an assumption that everything could be decentralised in a completely distributed system. Our claim is that neither of these extremes can work, which means that a new model is called for: a centralised repository of meta-data, a digital reference room which is effectively a cumulative collection of all existing reference sections in libraries and museums

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Abstract

In this paper, we report on the second part of an empirical study designed to observe how users interact with World Wide Web resources. Applying a holistic approach, the researches examine users' cognitive, affective, and physical behaviors during user-Web interaction in order to understand better the nature of information retrieval on the Web, the needs of Web users, and the problem-solving strategies Web users employ. From analyses and the participant verbalizations collected during monitored searches, the researchers developed a taxonomy of problem solving strategies. The coding scheme was developed based on a content analysis of the integrated process data. Information from triangulation follow-up with participants via anonymously completed questionnaires, the taxonomy, and analyses of search transcripts were collected to determine 1) what problems users encountered during the interaction and how users solved these problems; and 2) which problem-solving strategies Web users considered and selected for finding factual information. The focus of the coding was on the participants' cognitive, affective, and physical behaviors in response to the components of the problems encountered, which included problems of the following types: Web interfaces, users' mental models, and the Web information sources. Searching behavior and problem-solving patterns are described and interpreted within the relevant situational context and the problems users encountered are identified and analyzed. Both the problems users faced and their problem-solving approaches endeavored evidence a strong reliance on mental models of the features available on sites, the location of those features, and other interface design concepts

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Abstract

Assesses the appropriateness of graphic user interfaces (GUI), and more specifically the Windows based interfaces used for CD-ROM database applications. An evaluation model was devised to carry out an expert evaluation of the interfaces of 7 CD-ROM databases: Economist on CD-ROM; ADMYTE (Digital Archive of Spanish Texts and Manuscripts); English Poetry (Chadwyck-Healey); Oxford English Dictionary 2nd ed. on CD-ROM; Perinorm; OVID Medline and WinSPIRS Medline. The model identified 2 levels of interaction, the dialogue level aand the task level, and focused on general interface features, search and retrieval tasks, and output and processing options as well as the help facilities. Results are discussed in the light of HCI Usability Criteria and design guidelines (including general interface design guidelines, specific Windows design guidelines and the CD-ROM Consistent Interface Guidelines) to assess to what extent the applications comply and appropriate recommendations make

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Abstract

In an effort to assist users in the identification of significant Internet resources, libraries and librarians have begun to apply established library classification and subject schemes as the organizational framework for accessing and navigating these electronic sources. We will profile selected notable applications of national and international library classification schemes for organizing World Wide Web (WWW) resources as well as sites that have applied controlled vocabularies to facilitate access to selected collections of Net resources. With these and similar efforts as a conceptual foundation, we then focus on the potential application of new and emerging technologies to further enhance use of digital collections, notably intelligent software agents, information visualization techniques, auditory displays and haptic interactive devices. We conclude with a review of significant Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies and computer-based ontologies, and speculate on their potential application for representing, accessing, and navigating digital resources

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Abstract

Clustering is an effective way of organizing documents into collections for ease of browsing. Recently with the growth of WWW, clustering has become a paradigm for organizing search results. Online systems face many new challenges, including the need for fast response time, generating high quality clusters with simple descriptions for novice users, and working with document distributions that violates many traditional assumptions. How do different clustering algorithms trade off quality of clusters and speed? What modifications are necessary to adapt traditional clustering algorithm to the WWW? How do these system scale to larger document collection? How do these systems evaluate the quality of the cluster they generate? How are the clusters generated in each case, and are there any processing after cluster generation to improve on the cluster quality?

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Date

23. 1.1999 19:22:09