Search (107 results, page 2 of 6)

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Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 2.2003 18:15:14

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Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 2.2003 18:20:07

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Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 2.2003 18:19:01

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Abstract

Reports progress and future plans for a project to study the interactions of users with information retrieval interfaces. Tests are run with professional data base searchers and with end users who are members of a profession but have little or no searching experience. Interfaces tested include a command language search system used to search DIALOG bibliographic data bases, a non-procedural system that produces DIALOG commands, and several full text systems, including one using hypertext. The intent is to determine which kinds of users perform best with each type of interface. The project is being conducted jointly bay the University of Toronto and the University of Maryland

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Abstract

Standards for user interfaces for access to bibliographic data bases cannot be developed without more complete understanding of the current user, user attitude and capabilities. Gives 3 means of achieving this based on observing the user. 45% of access points in subject searches results in no retrievals. Errors in searching on-line catalogues occur with a 40% no hit title search rate and a 51% no hit author search rate when those records were on the data base. Stresses the importance of fundamental user interface components contained in the IBM staff publication systems guide. Concludes that although there is no such thing as a standard user it is still vital to develop user standards

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Abstract

Science mapping is discussed in the general context of information visualization. Attempts to construct maps of science using citation data are reviewed, focusing on the use of co-citation clusters. New work is reported on a dataset of about 36.000 documents using simplified methods for ordination, and nesting maps hierarchically. an overall map of the dataset shows the multidisciplinary breadth of the document sample, and submaps allow drilling down the document level. An effort to visualize these data using advanced virtual reality software is described, and the creation of document pathways through the map is seen as a realization of Bush's associative trails

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Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 2.2003 18:17:40

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Date

27.12.2014 18:54:22

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Abstract

Describes the OPAC research project at Indiana University of Pennsylvania Library funded by the Council on Library Resources, and the US Department of Education, with technical assistance from Carlyle Systems, Inc. Places emphasis on the design of a user interface to improve access and retrieval, in large textual data bases. The hardware configuration is a NeXT system

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Abstract

The HIBROWSE design offers improved searching functionality for users of bibliographic databases. The interface provides a multi windowed view of data stored on a relational database management system, using layered attribute value aggregation and classification. The user interrogates the database by invoking automatically formulated SQL queries that filter the contents of each window according to user selected attribute values. The interface is described using 'hand crafted' screens to create realistic examples of HIBROWSE systems for EPOQUE, INSPEC, MEDLINE and EMBASE

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Abstract

Modern online information systems have been criticized as being too complicated for the average information seeker. To overcome this problem interfaces have been developed to assist users at all stages of the information transfer process from searching to analysis and evaluation of retrieval data. However, the effectiveness of an interface will depend on the skills of the user. Further development of interfaces will be aided by the use of Windows and mouse controlled systems

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Abstract

User interfaces for CD-ROM products in the academic library environment must accomodate a variety of user and task profiles. Discusses the practical considerations that govern the implementation of interface design principles for such electronic data bases under the following headings: redesign goals; interaction style; menu design and implementation; system structure and the search paradigm; basic system operation and screen layout; simplified features; integrated novice and expert mode; redesign constraints; and hardware and software constraints

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Abstract

Computers have become our companions in many of the activities we pursue in our life. They assist us, in particular, in searching relevant information that is needed to perform a variety of tasks, from professional usage to personal entertainment. They hold this information in a huge number of heterogeneous sources, either dedicated to a specific user community (e.g., enterprise databases) or maintained for the general public (e.g., websites and digital libraries). Whereas progress in basic information technology is nowadays capable of guaranteeing effective information management, information retrieval and dissemination has become a core issue that needs further accomplishments to achieve user satisfaction. The research communities in databases, information retrieval, information visualization, and human-computer interaction have already largely investigated these domains. However, the technical environment has so dramatically evolved in recent years, inducing a parallel and very significant evolution in user habits and expectations, that new approaches are definitely needed to meet current demand. One of the most evident and significant changes is the human-computer interaction paradigm. Traditional interactions relayed an programming to express user information requirements in formal code and an textual output to convey to users the information extracted by the system. Except for professional data-intensive application frameworks, still in the hands of computer speciahsts, we have basically moved away from this pattern both in terms of expressing information requests and conveying results. The new goal is direct interaction with the final user (the person who is looking for information and is not necessarily familiar with computer technology). The key motto to achieve this is "go visual." The well-known high bandwidth of the human-vision channel allows both recognition and understanding of large quantities of information in no more than a few seconds. Thus, for instance, if the result of an information request can be organized as a visual display, or a sequence of visual displays, the information throughput is immensely superior to the one that can be achieved using textual support. User interaction becomes an iterative query-answer game that very rapidly leads to the desired final result. Conversely, the system can provide efficient visual support for easy query formulation. Displaying a visual representation of the information space, for instance, lets users directly point at the information they are looking for, without any need to be trained into the complex syntax of current query languages. Alternatively, users can navigate in the information space, following visible paths that will lead them to the targeted items. Again, thanks to the visual support, users are able to easily understand how to formulate queries and they are likely to achieve the task more rapidly and less prone to errors than with traditional textual interaction modes.
The two facets of "going visual" are usually referred to as visual query systems, for query formulation, and information visualization, for result display. Visual Query Systems (VQSs) are defined as systems for querying databases that use a visual representation to depict the domain of interest and express related requests. VQSs provide both a language to express the queries in a visual format and a variety of functionalities to facilitate user-system interaction. As such, they are oriented toward a wide spectrum of users, especially novices who have limited computer expertise and generally ignore the inner structure of the accessed database. Information visualization, an increasingly important subdiscipline within the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), focuses an visual mechanisms designed to communicate clearly to the user the structure of information and improve an the cost of accessing large data repositories. In printed form, information visualization has included the display of numerical data (e.g., bar charts, plot charts, pie charts), combinatorial relations (e.g., drawings of graphs), and geographic data (e.g., encoded maps). In addition to these "static" displays, computer-based systems, such as the Information Visualizer and Dynamic Queries, have coupled powerful visualization techniques (e.g., 3D, animation) with near real-time interactivity (i.e., the ability of the system to respond quickly to the user's direct manipulation commands). Information visualization is tightly combined with querying capabilities in some recent database-centered approaches. More opportunities for information visualization in a database environment may be found today in data mining and data warehousing applications, which typically access large data repositories. The enormous quantity of information sources an the World-Wide Web (WWW) available to users with diverse capabilities also calls for visualization techniques. In this article, we survey the main features and main proposals for visual query systems and touch upon the visualization of results mainly discussing traditional visualization forms. A discussion of modern database visualization techniques may be found elsewhere. Many related articles by Daniel Keim are available at http://www. informatik.uni-halle.de/dbs/publications.html.

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Date

23. 1.1999 19:32:22

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Date

23. 1.1999 19:23:22

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Abstract

Describes the development, by the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Malaya University, of ONLIS (Online Library Information System), a customized user interface for coputerized MARC cataloguing and information retrieval, targeted for use in small libraries and information centres. Micro CDS/ISIS ver. 3.07 software package and its built in PAscal language were used for the design process and development. Design philosophy centres on the development of a very user friendly and simple interface, capable of mimicking the salient features of a contemporary commercial library package, yet easy to implement and maintain in a small library environment requiring little or no technical expertise. The system incorporates many new features and comprises 2 main components: data entry and file maintenace; and information retrieval. A security system is incorporated into the former environment to ensure data integrity and regulate important file maintenance tasks. While the system is ready for immediate implementation in libraries, modifications and enhancements are currently being undertaken to make it a truly reliable product. Concludes that some degree of user training in MARC and cataloguing using AACR2 is necessary to get the maximum benefits from the systems

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Abstract

The purpose of this exploratory study is to develop research methods to compare the effectiveness of two video browsing interface designs, or surrogates-one static (storyboard) and one dynamic (slide show)-on two distinct information seeking tasks (gist determination and object recognition). Although video data is multimodal, potentially consisting of images, speech, sound, and text, the surrogates tested depend on image data only and use key frames or stills extracted from source video. A test system was developed to determine the effects of different key frame displays on user performance in specified information seeking tasks. The independent variables were interface display and task type. The dependent variables were task accuracy and subjective satisfaction. Covariates included spatial visual ability and time-to-completion. The study used a repeated block factorial 2x2 design; each of 20 participants interacted with all four interface-task combinations. No statistically significant results for task accuracy were found. Statistically significant differences were found, however, for user satisfaction with the display types: users assessed the static display to be "easier" to use than the dynamic display for both task types, even though there were no performance differences. This methodological approach provides a useful way to learn about the relationship between surrogate types and user tasks during video browsing

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Theme

Data Mining

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Abstract

CD-ROM data bases are being adopted rapidly by libraries and are being made available to end-users. Compares online information retrieval systems and CD-ROM based retrieval systems, assessing structure and content characteristics that contribute to user behaviour. CD-ROM systems are comparable in database content and in interface style, although CD-ROM systems often provide multiple user interfaces, have smaller databases, less time pressure, and no telecommunications requirements. Some of the differences might lead to better retrieval performance by novice users, but many unanswered questions remain about the influence of time pressure, database size, interface style, training, and skill transfer among systems

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Abstract

Project Jefferson was designed to help new students at the University of Southern California (USC) to acquire skills necessary for writing research papers through the example of research into ethical issues raised by the US Constitution. It runs on Macintosh Computers and is based on Apple Computer's HyperCard, a system wich allows users to browse different sources of information at their own pace and along their own routes while noting down useful discoveries in the notebook part of the system. Access to USC's locally mounted bibliographic data bases is also given without any tedious logging-on routines.