Search (105 results, page 6 of 6)

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Abstract

Those seeking information from the Internet often start from a search engine, using either its organised directory structure or its text query facility. In response to the difficulty in identifying the most relevant pages for some information needs, many search engines offer Boolean text matching and some, including Google, AltaVista and HotBot, offer the facility to integrate additional information into a more advanced request. Amongst web users, however, it is known that the employment of complex enquiries is far from universal, with very short queries being the norm. It is demonstrated that the gap between the provision of advanced search facilities and their use can be bridged, for specific information needs, by the construction of a simple interface in the form of a website that automatically formulates the necessary requests. It is argued that this kind of resource, perhaps employing additional knowledge domain specific information, is one that could be useful for websites or portals of common interest groups. The approach is illustrated by a website that enables a user to search the individual websites of university level institutions in European Union associated countries.

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Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 3.2008 15:02:37

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Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Footnote

Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 56(2005) H.8, S.459 (W. Schweibenz): "Der Leitfaden ist Teil des Handbuchs für sicheres E-Govemment, das vom Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik herausgegeben wird und als Nachschlagewerk und zentrale Informationsbörse mit Empfehlungscharakter konzipiert ist. Die Publikation stellt in sechs Abschnitten alle wichtigen Aspekte für ein barrierefreies EGovernment dar, die inhaltlich auch auf private Web-Angebote übertragen werden können. Ein besonderes Anliegen des Leitfadens ist es, den Entscheidungsträgern die Notwendigkeit eines barrierefreien Internets zu erklären. Dies geschieht im ersten Abschnitt, in dem ausgehend von der mangelhafte Benutzungsfreundlichkeit des Internets im Allgemeinen die Bedürfnisse behinderter Menschen im Besonderen beschrieben werden. In anschaulicher Weise mit Beispielen und Bildern werden die Probleme folgender Benutzergruppen dargestellt: - sehbehinderte und blinde Menschen, - hörgeschädigte und gehörlose Menschen, - kognitiv eingeschränkte und konzentrationsschwache Menschen, - Menschen mit Epilepsie, - manuell-motorisch eingeschränkte Menschen. Dies kann Lesern helfen, sich die Probleme von Menschen mit Behinderungen zu vergegenwärtigen, bevor sie im zweiten Abschnitt auf zehn Seiten mit dem deutschen Gesetze und Richtlinien konfrontiert werden. Der Abschnitt 3 Anleitung zur Gestaltung barrierefreier Internet-Seiten gibt Programmierern und Designem konkrete Hinweise welche Techniken in HTML und CSS wie eingesetzt werden müssen, um Barrierefreiheit zu erreichen. Dies reicht von Fragen der Wahmehmbarkeit (Textäquivalente für Audio- und visuelle Inhalte, Schrift und Farbe) über generelle Aspekte der Bedienbarkeit (Orientierung und Navigation, Frames, eingebettete Benutzerschnittstellen, Formulare) und der allgemeinen Verständlichkeit (Sprache, Abkürzungen, Akronyme) bis zur Einhaltung von Standards (W3C unterstützte Formate, Einhaltung von Markup-Standards, Rückwärtskompatibilität, Geräteunabhängigkeit, Kompatibilität mit assistiven Technologien). Im Abschnitt 4 wird die Kommunikation im Internet betrachtet, wobei vor allem auf Fragen des E-Mail-Verkehrs und der Sicherheit eingegangen wird, Aspekte die für alle Internet-Benutzer interessant sind. Im Abschnitt 5 wird dargestellt, wie Internet-Seiten auf Barrierefreiheit geprüft werden können. Neben Testmethoden technischer Art (Evaluierung durch verschiedene Browser und Prüfprogramme) und mit behinderten Benutzern wird auch auf die Frage der Oualitätssiegel für Barrierefreiheit eingegangen und existierende Testsymbole werden vorgestellt. Ein sechster Abschnitt mit Links und Literatur rundet den Leitfaden ab und verweist interessierte Leser weiter."

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Abstract

The two facets of "going visual" are usually referred to as visual query systems, for query formulation, and information visualization, for result display. Visual Query Systems (VQSs) are defined as systems for querying databases that use a visual representation to depict the domain of interest and express related requests. VQSs provide both a language to express the queries in a visual format and a variety of functionalities to facilitate user-system interaction. As such, they are oriented toward a wide spectrum of users, especially novices who have limited computer expertise and generally ignore the inner structure of the accessed database. Information visualization, an increasingly important subdiscipline within the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), focuses an visual mechanisms designed to communicate clearly to the user the structure of information and improve an the cost of accessing large data repositories. In printed form, information visualization has included the display of numerical data (e.g., bar charts, plot charts, pie charts), combinatorial relations (e.g., drawings of graphs), and geographic data (e.g., encoded maps). In addition to these "static" displays, computer-based systems, such as the Information Visualizer and Dynamic Queries, have coupled powerful visualization techniques (e.g., 3D, animation) with near real-time interactivity (i.e., the ability of the system to respond quickly to the user's direct manipulation commands). Information visualization is tightly combined with querying capabilities in some recent database-centered approaches. More opportunities for information visualization in a database environment may be found today in data mining and data warehousing applications, which typically access large data repositories. The enormous quantity of information sources an the World-Wide Web (WWW) available to users with diverse capabilities also calls for visualization techniques. In this article, we survey the main features and main proposals for visual query systems and touch upon the visualization of results mainly discussing traditional visualization forms. A discussion of modern database visualization techniques may be found elsewhere. Many related articles by Daniel Keim are available at http://www. informatik.uni-halle.de/dbs/publications.html.