Search (106 results, page 1 of 6)

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Abstract

Reports the findings of a study, conducted by Temple, Barker and Sloane Inc., MA, which identified 7 measurable benefits of graphic user interfaces to computerized information retrieval systems; higher speed; more accurate work; higher productivity; less frustration; less fatigue, more facilities to self teach and explore system; greater facilities for novices to learn more about the system's capabilities. Concludes that, when compared with character based user interfaces, graphic user interfaces generate higher work outputs per work hour through higher productivity; higher work output per employee through lower levels of frustration and fatigue; and greater returns on information technology investment through reduced demand for user training

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Abstract

"Theory weary, theory leery, why can't I be theory cheery?" (Erickson, 2002, p. 269). The field of human-computer interaction (HCI) is rapidly expanding. Alongside the extensive technological developments that are taking place, a profusion of new theories, methods, and concerns has been imported into the field from a range of disciplines and contexts. An extensive critique of recent theoretical developments is presented here together with an overview of HCI practice. A consequence of bringing new theories into the field has been much insightful explication of HCI phenomena and also a broadening of the field's discourse. However, these theoretically based approaches have had limited impact an the practice of interaction design. This chapter discusses why this is so and suggests that different kinds of mechanisms are needed that will enable both designers and researchers to better articulate and theoretically ground the challenges facing them today. Human-computer interaction is bursting at the seams. Its mission, goals, and methods, well established in the '80s, have all greatly expanded to the point that "HCI is now effectively a boundless domain" (Barnard, May, Duke, & Duce, 2000, p. 221). Everything is in a state of flux: The theory driving research is changing, a flurry of new concepts is emerging, the domains and type of users being studied are diversifying, many of the ways of doing design are new, and much of what is being designed is significantly different. Although potentially much is to be gained from such rapid growth, the downside is an increasing lack of direction, structure, and coherence in the field. What was originally a bounded problem space with a clear focus and a small set of methods for designing computer systems that were easier and more efficient to use by a single user is now turning into a diffuse problem space with less clarity in terms of its objects of study, design foci, and investigative methods. Instead, aspirations of overcoming the Digital Divide, by providing universal accessibility, have become major concerns (e.g., Shneiderman, 2002a). The move toward greater openness in the field means that many more topics, areas, and approaches are now considered acceptable in the worlds of research and practice.
A problem with allowing a field to expand eclectically is that it can easily lose coherence. No one really knows what its purpose is anymore or what criteria to use in assessing its contribution and value to both knowledge and practice. For example, among the many new approaches, ideas, methods, and goals now being proposed, how do we know which are acceptable, reliable, useful, and generalizable? Moreover, how do researchers and designers know which of the many tools and techniques to use when doing design and research? To be able to address these concerns, a young field in a state of flux (as is HCI) needs to take stock and begin to reflect an the changes that are happening. The purpose of this chapter is to assess and reflect an the role of theory in contemporary HCI and the extent to which it is used in design practice. Over the last ten years, a range of new theories has been imported into the field. A key question is whether such attempts have been productive in terms of "knowledge transfer." Here knowledge transfer means the translation of research findings (e.g., theory, empirical results, descriptive accounts, cognitive models) from one discipline (e.g., cognitive psychology, sociology) into another (e.g., human-computer interaction, computer supported cooperative work).

Date

23.10.2005 18:29:10

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Abstract

Fiction reading is often neglected by young people. One reason could be that traditional retrieval aids give little help in the retrieval of fiction. A graphic interface may solve this problem if it is designed according to specific criteria such as ease of use, use of icons, availability of a help function and provision of access points particularly suited to fiction. To formulate suitable criteria, the specific characteristics of young people, such as age, gender, computer literacy, reading ability, typing and spelling ability and vocabulary, will have to be considered

Footnote

Designing a graphic user interface for fiction retrieval by young end users

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Abstract

The "Screen Design Manual" provides designers of interactive media with a practical working guide for preparing and presenting information that is suitable for both their target groups and the media they are using. It describes background information and relationships, clarifies them with the help of examples, and encourages further development of the language of digital media. In addition to the basics of the psychology of perception and learning, ergonomics, communication theory, imagery research, and aesthetics, the book also explores the design of navigation and orientation elements. Guidelines and checklists, along with the unique presentation of the book, support the application of information in practice.

Date

22. 3.2008 14:29:25

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Abstract

Information users are demanding access to multiple sources of text and images, tools to build their own applications, and communications to allow them to participate in all aspects of computer activities. Examines the leading edge companies involved in producing information sources and networks with special note of graphic user interfaces, intelligent electronic mail and executive information systems. Concludes with a brief description of UMI's Virtual Information Machine

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Abstract

STN Easy is a new graphic user interface for the WWW access to over 20 major online databases in business, science, technology and patents. Patent information is available from a number of Web sites but argues that STN Easy offers extensive coverage combined with both searching sophistication and operational simplicity. Concludes that STN Easy is not a replacement for nor competitor to STN, but provides a complementary means of retrieving patent information for end users or others who do not need the full power of a command language

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Abstract

Discusses the human-computer interface for information retrieval and notes that research on human-computer interface design has generated many widely-accepted principles of interface design which should be of interest and value to designers of information retrieval systems. Work on display features such as highlighting, colour, icons, and windows has received considerable attention. research has also focused on how the user interacts with the system, whether by commands, menus, or direct manipulation. Studies of interfaces for information retrieval systems reveal that online searching has emphasised developments of front ends, with some novel uses of graphics. CD-ROM and optical media are characterised by interface diversity, again with some inclusion of graphic interfaces. Online catalogues and full text data bases have provided interesting comparisons of mode of interaction

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Abstract

Assesses the appropriateness of graphic user interfaces (GUI), and more specifically the Windows based interfaces used for CD-ROM database applications. An evaluation model was devised to carry out an expert evaluation of the interfaces of 7 CD-ROM databases: Economist on CD-ROM; ADMYTE (Digital Archive of Spanish Texts and Manuscripts); English Poetry (Chadwyck-Healey); Oxford English Dictionary 2nd ed. on CD-ROM; Perinorm; OVID Medline and WinSPIRS Medline. The model identified 2 levels of interaction, the dialogue level aand the task level, and focused on general interface features, search and retrieval tasks, and output and processing options as well as the help facilities. Results are discussed in the light of HCI Usability Criteria and design guidelines (including general interface design guidelines, specific Windows design guidelines and the CD-ROM Consistent Interface Guidelines) to assess to what extent the applications comply and appropriate recommendations make

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Abstract

A new search paradigm, in which the primary user activity is the guided exploration of a complex information space rather than the retrieval of items based on precise specifications, is proposed. The author claims that this paradigm is the norm in most practical applications, and that solutions based on traditional search methods are not effective in this context. He then presents a solution based on dynamic taxonomies, a knowledge management model that effectively guides users to reach their goal while giving them total freedom in exploring the information base. Applications, benefits, and current research are discussed.

Date

22. 7.2006 17:56:22

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Abstract

Presents a brief report on a study, carried out by the Centre for Interactive Systems Research, City University, to investigate the techniques used for evaluating OPACs: to explore and assess different data gathering methods in studying information seeking behaviour at the on-line catalogue; and to examine how a transaction logging facility could be enhanced to serve as a more effective diagnostic tool. For a full report see British Library research paper 78

Pages

S.20-22

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Date

22. 7.2006 18:31:43

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Abstract

Digital libraries of geo-spatial multimedia content are currently deficient in providing fuzzy, concept-based retrieval mechanisms to users. The main challenge is that indexing and thesaurus creation are extremely labor-intensive processes for text documents and especially for images. Recently, 800.000 declassified staellite photographs were made available by the US Geological Survey. Additionally, millions of satellite and aerial photographs are archived in national and local map libraries. Such enormous collections make human indexing and thesaurus generation methods impossible to utilize. In this article we propose a scalable method to automatically generate visual thesauri of large collections of geo-spatial media using fuzzy, unsupervised machine-learning techniques

Date

21. 7.1999 13:48:29

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Abstract

The author describes some of the challenges, decisions, and processes that affected the design and development of the search user interface for Version 2 of the Digital Library for Earth System Education (DLESE; www.dlese.org), released July 29, 2003. The DLESE is a community-led effort funded by the National Science Foundation and is part of the National Science Digital Library (NSDL).

Date

22. 7.2006 17:48:54

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Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06
15. 5.1999 14:54:29

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Abstract

Recording search histories, presenting them to the searcher, and building additional interface tools on them offer many opportunities for supporting user tasks in information seeking and use. This study investigated the use of search history information in legal information seeking. Qualitative methods were used to explore how attorneys and law librarians used their memory and external memory aids while searching for information and in transferring to information use. Based on the findings, interface design recommendations were made for information systems. Results of the study from the legal user group presented evidence of the usefulness of search histories and history-based interface tools. Both user manifestations and researcher observations revealed that searchers need historical information in information seeking. Search histories were found to be useful in many user tasks: memory support, search system use, information seeking, information use, task management, task integration, and collaboration. Integrating information across various user tasks and collaborating with others are extensions of traditional information-seeking and use models. These findings encouraged the design of user interface tools and guidelines building on search history information.

Source

Information processing and management. 43(2007) no.1, S.10-29

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Abstract

Geographic maps are a well-established way of representing domain-specific knowledge in a way which integrates symbolic and pictorial representation. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of how maps represent and organise knowledge, combining artificial intelligence knowledge representation theory with empirical findings and methods from cognitive psychology. Schematic maps represent knowledge in a different way than topographic or city maps; in particular, distances and directions cannot be evaluated in the same way as in topographic or city maps. However, information from different types of maps must often be combined to answer everyday questions. An inference task involving such a combination, in order to locate a train station shown in a schematic map with respect to a part of a city map, was analysed theoretically with respect to how location judgments change with assumptions about what spatial information is contained in the schematic map. The same task was investigated empirically in a study in which subjects were asked to locate a train station and to describe their thinking in a subsequent verbal report. Results indicate that subjects' judgements and verbal reports can be grouped according to the theoretical analysis

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Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Source

Computer networks and ISDN systems. 29(1997) no.8, S.1327-1342

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Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 2.2003 18:16:22