Search (64 results, page 2 of 4)

  • × theme_ss:"Suchtaktik"
  • × year_i:[1990 TO 2000}
  1. Boynton, J.: Identifying systematic reviews in MEDLINE : developing an objective approach to search strategy design (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Systematic reviews are becoming increasingly important for health care professionals seeking to provide evidence based health care. In the past, systematic reviews have been difficult to identify among the mass of literature labelled 'reviews'. Reports results of a study to design search strategies based on a more objective approach to strategy construction. MEDLINE was chosen as the database and word frequencies in the titles, abstracts and subject keywords of a collection of systematic reviews of the effective health care interventions were analyzed to derive a highly sensitive search strategy. 'Sensitivity' was used in preference to the usual term 'recall' as one of the measures (in addition to the usual 'precision'). The proposed strategy was found to offer 98% sensitivity in retrieving systematic reviews, while retaining a low but acceptable level of precision (20%). Reports results using other strategies with other levels of sensitivity and precision. Concludes that it is possible to use frequency analysis to generate highly sensitive strategies when retrieving systematic reviews
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  2. Savolainen, R.: Seeking and using information from the Internet : the context of non-work use (1999) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    As a result of the Internet, electronic networks occupy a more visible place in everyday life. Until the early nineties, the use of electronic networks was limited to a rather small number of people working in enterprises and universities. Since then, the networks have become more accessible for other citizens. Currently at least 60-70 million people all over the world are estimated to use the Internet (Gaines et al., 1997: 990). In 2000, the number of WWW users alone is expected to reach 160 million (Aldridge & Darwood 1997: 283). The rapid growth of network use has given rise to a lot of research needs. For example, what are the main purposes of network use and to what extent may the Internet replace other channels in information seeking? Thus far, the utilization of networks has been mainly surveyed in the USA but, in recent years issues of use have also attracted increasing attention in Western Europe. This study is a continuation of a research project focusing on the ways in which citizens seek information in the context of everyday life (see Savolainen 1995). An attempt is made to analyze how citizens utilize the electronic networks, primarily for non-work purposes. This paper communicates part of an empirical study; a detailed report is available in Finnish (Savolainen 1998b).
    Type
    a
  3. Pejtersen, A.M.: Cognitive engineering in information retrieval domains : merging paradigms? (1995) 0.00 
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  4. DiMartino, D.; Zoe, L.R.: End-user full-text searching : access or excess? (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Reports a study which examined and assessed the search techniques of trained end-users to determine whether or not they were searching the system affectively. 131 multilingual graduate students at Baruch College, City University of New York searched a full-text system and completed a survey that asked them to evaluate the system and describe their search strategy and techniques. 55% indicated dissatisfaction with their searches. Correlations between native language and searching results and satisfaction are shown. Findings suggest that computer-literate end users with prior experience searching other databases and formal training experience more difficulties than in commonly realized. Discusses the implications for training
    Type
    a
  5. Dervin, G.: On studying information seeking methodologically : the implications of connecting metatheory to method (1999) 0.00 
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  6. Hapke, T.: Recherchestrategien in elektronischen Datenbanken : Inhaltliche Elemente der Schulung von Informationskompetenz (nicht nur) an Universitätsbibliotheken (1999) 0.00 
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  7. Notess, G.R.: Searching the hidden Internet (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    WWW search engines are not comprehensive in their searches. They do not search: Adobe PDF file or other formatted files, registration files, and data sets. Basic search strategies can give access to some of the hidden content. 2 databases are also available to provide access to the hidden information. Excite's News Tracker searches a database of selected online publications. ATI databases from PLS, Inc. presents access to a variety of Internet accessible databases that may require membership or the payment of a registration fee
    Type
    a
  8. Keen, E.M.: Some aspects of proximity searching in text retrieval systems (1992) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Describes and evaluates the proximity search facilities in external online systems and in-house retrieval software. Discusses and illustrates capabilities, syntax and circumstances of use. Presents measurements of the overheads required by proximity for storage, record input time and search time. The search strategy narrowing effect of proximity is illustrated by recall and precision test results. Usage and problems lead to a number of design ideas for better implementation: some based on existing Boolean strategies, one on the use of weighted proximity to automatically produce ranked output. A comparison of Boolean, quorum and proximate term pairs distance is included
    Type
    a
  9. Caywood, C.: ¬A shift in search strategy (1994) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Looks at bibliographic instruction in the age of electronic searching and the the need to provide instruction to insure that remote access to the library is successful. Outlines an approach to teaching library skills by Loomis and Fink in 1993, that is equally relevant to school and public libraries, in which they argue that a successful search can no longer be equated with the quantity of material retrieved but with its relevance. This is dependent upon standardisation of access points, search language and online instructions
    Type
    a
  10. Zorn, P.: Advanced web searching : tricks of the trade (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Examines, from the perspective of professional searchers, WWW search engines that provide advanced search features and search a comprehensive abd authoritative database of Internet sites. Looks at: AltaVista, InfoSeek, Lycos, and OpenText. Gives a detailed description of each of the system, their features, how to use them and how the search engines performed on sample searches
    Type
    a
  11. Still, J.: ¬A comparison of online search strategy formation as presented in British and American textbooks (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    UK and USA textbooks present keyword and controlled vocabulary searching in different ways, and put differing emphasis on the use of variant spellings and word variations. This reflects previous research on the way searchers in the 2 countries prepare online search strategies. Differences may reflect occupational trends, cultural behaviour, or awareness of a greater world view
    Type
    a
  12. Ury, C.J.; Johnson, C.V.; Meldrem, J.A.: Teaching a heuristic approach to information retrieval (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    To become lifelong learners, students must acquire information retrieval skills for future as well as current information needs. Describes how the library use instruction programme at Northwest Missouri State University incorporates a heuristic model in which students continually evaluate and refine their information seeking practices while progressing through all levels of courses in diverse disciplines. Collegial partnerships with departmental faculty and ongoing instructional assessment are essential to the success of the programme
    Type
    a
  13. Twidale, M.B.; Nichols, D.M.: Collaborative browsing and visualization of the search process (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    We describe how to support the process of collaborative browsing and how to integrate support for the social aspects of information searching activities into information systems and particularly their interfaces. The use of library resources is often stereotyped as a solitary activity. However, informal observations indicate significant collaboration between users despite the fact that existing systems fail to support this. We describe the Ariadne system which does attempt to support collaboration by providing a visualization of the search process. Storage of search histories as digital object allows them to be manipulated and communicated. An explicit representation of a search history supports discussion of search strategies and concepts by explicit pointing to prior activities even when one of the participants may be a novice lacking the appropriate vocabulary. Several different types of activity, synchronous and asynchronous, remote and co-located, can be supported by search process re-use. We outline some of the issues of privacy concerned with the storage of users' searches
    Type
    a
  14. Still, J.: ¬The anthroplogy of online search strategy formation : a study of four countires (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Discusses the results of a survey sent to online searchers in the United Kingdom, USA, Australia and Canada. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of national culture on information retrieval skills. The survey form provided a sample question and asked searchers to prepare a preliminary strategy for a search on the Sociological Abstracts online database. Cultural patterns to online searching were discerned. American searchers were found to depend on controlled vocabulary much more than British searchers. Australian searchers seemed to have created a search style of their own, while Canadian searchers blended the American and British patterns. In reviewing results of the searches, over half of the citations retrieved were retrieved by more than one search. Australian searchers were more likely to retrieve items that no other search retrieved, while Canadian searchers had the highest overlap rate. If the theory that citations retrieved by the most searches are the most relevant is correct, then the Canadian searchers prepare the best searches. The Canadian searchers also seemed to be the most international, as their search results overlapped with those from the other 3 countires more often than did searches from other countries. One question contained in the survey asked searchers to suggest related databases for their searches. PAIS and SSCI were the databases mentioned most often in all 4 countires. Nevertheless, cultural differences and ethnocriticism could be discerned in the results with searchers listing databases specifically relating to their own countries or regions: Australian PAIS and US Political Science Abstracts being 2 examples
    Type
    a
  15. Wildemuth, B.M.; Jacob, E.K.; Fullington, A.;; Bliek, R. de; Friedman, C.P.: ¬A detailed analysis of end-user search behaviours (1991) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Search statements in this revision process can be viewed as a 'move' in the overall search strategy. Very little is known about how end users develop and revise their search strategies. A study was conducted to analyse the moves made in 244 data base searches conducted by 26 medical students at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Students search INQUIRER, a data base of facts and concepts in microbiology. The searches were conducted during a 3-week period in spring 1990 and were recorded by the INQUIRER system. Each search statement was categorised, using Fidel's online searching moves (S. Online review 9(1985) S.61-74) and Bates' search tactics (s. JASIS 30(1979) S.205-214). Further analyses indicated that the most common moves were Browse/Specity, Select Exhaust, Intersect, and Vary, and that selection of moves varied by student and by problem. Analysis of search tactics (combinations of moves) identified 5 common search approaches. The results of this study have implcations for future research on search behaviours, for thedesign of system interfaces and data base structures, and for the training of end users
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    a
  16. Ross, C.S.: Finding without seeking : what readers say about the role of pleasure-reading as a source of information (1999) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    It is common to distinguish sharply between leisure reading undertaken purely for pleasure and utilitarian reading that satisfies what Peter Mann (1969, 53-61) has called `extrinsic' interests: reference materials for work and home such as medical books, cook books and repair manuals. We might suppose that information-seeking is concerned only with utilitarian reading. However, once we adopt a definition of information as something that fills in a gap in understanding or makes a difference to an individual's cognitive structure or helps people with their lives, it follows that we cannot deduce uses simply by looking at the texts themselves. Since meanings are constructed by readers, we must ask the readers about the uses they make of texts in the context of their lives. Findings from a research project focussed on 194 readers who read for pleasure indicate that for a broad understanding of the information behaviour of ordinary people, we need to think beyond reference books to include extended narrative forms, particularly biography, history, and fiction. People who are avid readers for pleasure report that during the course of wide reading they serendipitously encounter information that helps them in their lives
    Type
    a
  17. Pejtersen, A.M.: ¬A new approach to design of document retrieval and indexing systems for OPAC users (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper describes a new OPAC system called The Book House and discusses its relevance as a solution to current OPAC developments. The Book House is an interactive, multimedia, online public access catalogue system designed to support casual and/or novice end-users in information retrieval. It runs on a Macintosh and is available on CD-ROM and disks in English and Danish (it can be purchased from Risø for $100). It comprises an interface and module for classifying and indexing fact and fiction books in the database called Book House Write. It uses icons, text and animation in the display interface in order to enhance the utility of the system for the general public. Both words and pictures can be used for searching, which makes the system suitable for all age groups. It plays on users' previous experiencees with computer games to support learning by doing something in an enjoyable way. A prerequisite for the design of The Book House was a new approach to cognitive analysis of retrieval in libraries. Based on the success of this approach, it is claimed that OPAC systems will only be really useful and widespread (1) when their domain and task characteristics allow supplementary information to be added to existing descriptions of book content in online card catalogues in order to match end-users' intentions and needs, and (2) when the user interface and routes to the databases are configured as an integrated and uniform set of displays which match the search strategies of users, as well as their mental capabilities and limitations
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    a
  18. McCrank, L.J.: Reference expertise : paradigms, strategies, and systems (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Past trends in reference instruction, query analysis and proloferation of reference tools classed by primary functions into a general typology anticipated the use of paradigm logic, templates, search strategies, and systematic searching in applied Artificial Intelligence research and design of expert system, especially referral and decision-support systems. The approach, methodologies, and technique employed in basic reference and subject-area reference instruction in four graduate library schools, developed first at the University of Maryland after 1976, are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of the latter are discussed to suggest the interplay of personal service, manual tools, and computerized systems for holistic reference programs. Librarians' transition to the automated tools using AI methods might be improved by introducing paradigms, typologies, strategies, and a systems approach in reference instruction for professionals and more generally in bibliographic instruction
    Type
    a
  19. Chen, S.Y.; Ford, N.J.: Modelling user navigation behaviours in a hypermedia-based learning system : an individual differences approach (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The rapid evolution of hypermedia technology makes it possible to access an immense volume of information in an educational setting. This research examines the relationship between individual differences (in particular, cognitive styles) and navigation strategies using a WWW-based hyper-media learning system. The hypermedia learning system was used at Sheffield University's Department of Information Studies. 20 Master students were pre-tested for their cognitive styles. Dependent variables included navigation patterns, selection of navigation tools, and reactions to the hypermedia system. the results indicated that students with differing cognitive styles and individual characteristics selected different access facilities and applied different navigation patterns. The implication of these findings and the role of individual differences in designing hypermedia-based learning systems are discussed
    Type
    a
  20. Wildemuth, B.M.: Search moves made by novices end users (1992) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The transaction logs of 53 medical students' searches of a factual database, INQUIRER, of microbiology facts and concepts were analysed in detail to determine: the overall frequency of search moves; the interaction between the problem statement and the students' search strategies; the search moves selected by individual students; and the tactics (combinations of moves) used by the students. Over 200 searches were conducted in response to clinical scenarios in microbiology and the searches were made up of 853 search moves. Results indicate that students used only a few distinct moves and that their selection of moves varied by individual and by search stimulus. Patterns also emerged in students' combinations of search moves into search tactics
    Type
    a

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