-
Vakkari, P.: Task-based information searching (2002)
0.00
4.985905E-4 = product of:
0.001994362 = sum of:
0.001994362 = product of:
0.005983086 = sum of:
0.005983086 = weight(_text_:a in 4288) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.005983086 = score(doc=4288,freq=4.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.10809815 = fieldWeight in 4288, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4288)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- The rationale for using information systems is to find information that helps us in our daily activities, be they tasks or interests. Systems are expected to support us in searching for and identifying useful information. Although the activities and tasks performed by humans generate information needs and searching, they have attracted little attention in studies of information searching. Such studies have concentrated an search tasks rather than the activities that trigger them. It is obvious that our understanding of information searching is only partial, if we are not able to connect aspects of searching to the related task. The expected contribution of information to the task is reflected in relevance assessments of the information items found, and in the search tactics and use of the system in general. Taking the task into account seems to be a necessary condition for understanding and explaining information searching, and, by extension, for effective systems design.
- Type
- a
-
Savolainen, R.: Information use as gap-bridging : the viewpoint of sense-making methodology (2006)
0.00
4.985905E-4 = product of:
0.001994362 = sum of:
0.001994362 = product of:
0.005983086 = sum of:
0.005983086 = weight(_text_:a in 5120) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.005983086 = score(doc=5120,freq=4.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.10809815 = fieldWeight in 5120, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5120)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- The conceptual issues of information use are discussed by reviewing the major ideas of sense-making methodology developed by Brenda Dervin. Sense-making methodology approaches the phenomena of information use by drawing on the metaphor of gap-bridging. The nature of this metaphor is explored by utilizing the ideas of metaphor analysis suggested by Lakoff and Johnson. First, the source domain of the metaphor is characterized by utilizing the graphical illustrations of sense-making metaphors. Second, the target domain of the metaphor is analyzed by scrutinizing Dervin's key writings on information seeking and use. The metaphor of gap-bridging does not suggest a substantive conception of information use; the metaphor gives methodological and heuristic guidance to posit contextual questions as to how people interpret information to make sense of it. Specifically, these questions focus on the ways in which cognitive, affective, and other elements useful for the sense-making process are constructed and shaped to bridge the gap. Ultimately, the key question of information use studies is how people design information in context.
- Type
- a
-
Choi, Y.; Rasmussen, E.M.: Searching for images : the analysis of users' queries for image retrieval in American history (2003)
0.00
4.985905E-4 = product of:
0.001994362 = sum of:
0.001994362 = product of:
0.005983086 = sum of:
0.005983086 = weight(_text_:a in 5160) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.005983086 = score(doc=5160,freq=4.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.10809815 = fieldWeight in 5160, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5160)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- Choi and Rasmussen collect queries to the Library of Congress's American Memory photo archive from 48 scholars in American History by way of interviews and pre and post search questionnaires. Their interest is in the types of information need common in the visual domain, and the categories of terms most often used or indicated as appropriate for the description of image contents. Each search resulted in the provision of 20 items for evaluation by the searcher. Terms in queries and acceptable retrievals were categorized by a who, what, when, where faceted classification and queries into four needs categories; specific, general, abstract, and subjective. Two out of three analysts assigned all 38 requests into the same one of the four categories and in 19 cases all three agreed. General/nameable needs accounted for 60.5%, specific needs 26.3%, 7.9% for general/abstract, and 5.3% for subjective needs. The facet analysis indicated most content was of the form person/thing or event/condition limited by geography or time.
- Type
- a
-
Spink, A.; Park, M.; Koshman, S.: Factors affecting assigned information problem ordering during Web search : an exploratory study (2006)
0.00
4.985905E-4 = product of:
0.001994362 = sum of:
0.001994362 = product of:
0.005983086 = sum of:
0.005983086 = weight(_text_:a in 991) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.005983086 = score(doc=991,freq=4.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.10809815 = fieldWeight in 991, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=991)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Type
- a
-
Zhang, Y.: ¬The influence of mental models on undergraduate students' searching behavior on the Web (2008)
0.00
4.985905E-4 = product of:
0.001994362 = sum of:
0.001994362 = product of:
0.005983086 = sum of:
0.005983086 = weight(_text_:a in 2097) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.005983086 = score(doc=2097,freq=4.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.10809815 = fieldWeight in 2097, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2097)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- This article explores the effects of undergraduate students' mental models of the Web on their online searching behavior. Forty-four undergraduate students, mainly freshmen and sophomores, participated in the study. Subjects' mental models of the Web were treated as equally good styles and operationalized as drawings of their perceptions about the Web. Four types of mental models of the Web were identified based on the drawings and the associated descriptions: technical view, functional view, process view, and connection view. In the study, subjects were required to finish two search tasks. Searching behavior was measured from four aspects: navigation and performance, subjects' feelings about tasks and their own performances, query construction, and search patterns. The four mental model groups showed different navigation and querying behaviors, but the differences were not significant. Subjects' satisfaction with their own performances was found to be significantly correlated with the time to complete the task. The results also showed that the familiarity of the task to subjects had a major effect on their ways to start interaction, query construction, and search patterns.
- Type
- a
-
Xie, I.: Information searching and search models (2009)
0.00
4.985905E-4 = product of:
0.001994362 = sum of:
0.001994362 = product of:
0.005983086 = sum of:
0.005983086 = weight(_text_:a in 3821) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.005983086 = score(doc=3821,freq=4.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.10809815 = fieldWeight in 3821, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3821)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- Key terms related to information searching and search models are defined. A historic context is provided to illustrate the evolution of the four main digital environments that users interact with in their search process to offer readers background information regarding the transition from manual information systems to computer-based information retrieval (IR) systems, as well as the transition from intermediary searching to end-user searching. Emphasis is placed on the review of different levels of information searching from search tactics/moves, search strategies, and usage patterns, to search models and associated factors in relation to task, user knowledge structure, IR system design, and social-organization context. Search models are further classified into two types, with one type illustrating information search process (ISP) and the other type emphasizing the factors that influence the process. In addition, unsolved problems and future research are discussed and suggested.
- Type
- a
-
Ferrández, O.; Izquierdo, R.; Ferrández, S.; Vicedo González, J.L.: Addressing ontology-based question answering with collections of user queries (2009)
0.00
4.985905E-4 = product of:
0.001994362 = sum of:
0.001994362 = product of:
0.005983086 = sum of:
0.005983086 = weight(_text_:a in 4212) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.005983086 = score(doc=4212,freq=4.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.10809815 = fieldWeight in 4212, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4212)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- This paper presents QACID an ontology-based Question Answering system applied to the CInema Domain. This system allows users to retrieve information from formal ontologies by using as input queries formulated in natural language. The original characteristic of QACID is the strategy used to fill the gap between users' expressiveness and formal knowledge representation. This approach is based on collections of user queries and offers a simple adaptability to deal with multilingual capabilities, inter-domain portability and changes in user information requirements. All these capabilities permit developing Question Answering applications for actual users. This system has been developed and tested on the Spanish language and using an ontology modelling the cinema domain. The performance level achieved enables the use of the system in real environments.
- Type
- a
-
Bates, M.J.: Information behavior (2009)
0.00
4.700756E-4 = product of:
0.0018803024 = sum of:
0.0018803024 = product of:
0.005640907 = sum of:
0.005640907 = weight(_text_:a in 3760) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.005640907 = score(doc=3760,freq=2.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.10191591 = fieldWeight in 3760, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3760)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Type
- a
-
Lucas, W.; Topi, H.: Form and function : the impact of query term and operator usage on Web search results (2002)
0.00
4.154921E-4 = product of:
0.0016619684 = sum of:
0.0016619684 = product of:
0.0049859053 = sum of:
0.0049859053 = weight(_text_:a in 198) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0049859053 = score(doc=198,freq=4.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.090081796 = fieldWeight in 198, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=198)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- Conventional wisdom holds that queries to information retrieval systems will yield more relevant results if they contain multiple topic-related terms and use Boolean and phrase operators to enhance interpretation. Although studies have shown that the users of Web-based search engines typically enter short, term-based queries and rarely use search operators, little information exists concerning the effects of term and operator usage on the relevancy of search results. In this study, search engine users formulated queries on eight search topics. Each query was submitted to the user-specified search engine, and relevancy ratings for the retrieved pages were assigned. Expert-formulated queries were also submitted and provided a basis for comparing relevancy ratings across search engines. Data analysis based on our research model of the term and operator factors affecting relevancy was then conducted. The results show that the difference in the number of terms between expert and nonexpert searches, the percentage of matching terms between those searches, and the erroneous use of nonsupported operators in nonexpert searches explain most of the variation in the relevancy of search results. These findings highlight the need for designing search engine interfaces that provide greater support in the areas of term selection and operator usage
- Type
- a
-
White, R.W.; Roth, R.A.: Exploratory search : beyond the query-response paradigm (2009)
0.00
4.154921E-4 = product of:
0.0016619684 = sum of:
0.0016619684 = product of:
0.0049859053 = sum of:
0.0049859053 = weight(_text_:a in 0) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0049859053 = score(doc=0,freq=4.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.090081796 = fieldWeight in 0, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=0)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- As information becomes more ubiquitous and the demands that searchers have on search systems grow, there is a need to support search behaviors beyond simple lookup. Information seeking is the process or activity of attempting to obtain information in both human and technological contexts. Exploratory search describes an information-seeking problem context that is open-ended, persistent, and multifaceted, and information-seeking processes that are opportunistic, iterative, and multitactical. Exploratory searchers aim to solve complex problems and develop enhanced mental capacities. Exploratory search systems support this through symbiotic human-machine relationships that provide guidance in exploring unfamiliar information landscapes. Exploratory search has gained prominence in recent years. There is an increased interest from the information retrieval, information science, and human-computer interaction communities in moving beyond the traditional turn-taking interaction model supported by major Web search engines, and toward support for human intelligence amplification and information use. In this lecture, we introduce exploratory search, relate it to relevant extant research, outline the features of exploratory search systems, discuss the evaluation of these systems, and suggest some future directions for supporting exploratory search. Exploratory search is a new frontier in the search domain and is becoming increasingly important in shaping our future world.
-
Kim, K.-S.; Allen, B.: Cognitive and task influences on Web searching behavior (2002)
0.00
4.1131617E-4 = product of:
0.0016452647 = sum of:
0.0016452647 = product of:
0.004935794 = sum of:
0.004935794 = weight(_text_:a in 199) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.004935794 = score(doc=199,freq=2.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.089176424 = fieldWeight in 199, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=199)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Type
- a
-
Kim, K.-S.: Effects of emotion control and task on Web searching behavior (2008)
0.00
4.1131617E-4 = product of:
0.0016452647 = sum of:
0.0016452647 = product of:
0.004935794 = sum of:
0.004935794 = weight(_text_:a in 891) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.004935794 = score(doc=891,freq=2.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.089176424 = fieldWeight in 891, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=891)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Type
- a
-
Hsieh-Yee, I.: Research on Web-search behavior (2001)
0.00
4.1131617E-4 = product of:
0.0016452647 = sum of:
0.0016452647 = product of:
0.004935794 = sum of:
0.004935794 = weight(_text_:a in 2277) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.004935794 = score(doc=2277,freq=2.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.089176424 = fieldWeight in 2277, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2277)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Type
- a
-
Xie, H.I.: Shifts of interactive intentions and information-seeking strategies in interactive information retrieval (2000)
0.00
3.5255676E-4 = product of:
0.001410227 = sum of:
0.001410227 = product of:
0.004230681 = sum of:
0.004230681 = weight(_text_:a in 4861) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.004230681 = score(doc=4861,freq=2.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.07643694 = fieldWeight in 4861, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4861)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Type
- a
-
Stefl-Mabry, J.: ¬The reality of media preferences : do professional groups vary in awareness? (2005)
0.00
2.9379726E-4 = product of:
0.001175189 = sum of:
0.001175189 = product of:
0.003525567 = sum of:
0.003525567 = weight(_text_:a in 4574) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.003525567 = score(doc=4574,freq=2.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.06369744 = fieldWeight in 4574, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4574)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Type
- a
-
Savolainen, R.: Source preferences in the context of seeking problem-specific information (2008)
0.00
2.9379726E-4 = product of:
0.001175189 = sum of:
0.001175189 = product of:
0.003525567 = sum of:
0.003525567 = weight(_text_:a in 2034) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.003525567 = score(doc=2034,freq=2.0), product of:
0.055348642 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.04800207 = queryNorm
0.06369744 = fieldWeight in 2034, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2034)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Type
- a
