Search (29 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

The current and future applications and implications of the Internet within and for libraries are indicated. Aspects of the virtual library are considered, followed by the impact of the Internet on aspects of library holdings. Features of online access, including search engine performance, are noted and collection development effects pointed out. Security issues, including pornography and copyright are described, and finally future implications of the Internet for libraries, through home versus library use and discussion groups, and influences on the Internet of library science are discussed.

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Abstract

In this research study, Nemertes performed an independent in-depth analysis of Internet and IP infrastructure (which we call capacity) and current and projected traffic (which we call demand) with the goal of understanding how each has changed over time, and determining if there will ever be a point at which demand exceeds capacity. To assess infrastructure capacity, we reviewed details of carrier expenditures and vendor revenues, and compared these against market research studies. To compute demand, we took a unique approach: Instead of modeling user behavior based on measuring the application portfolios that users had currently deployed, and projecting deployment of those applications in future, we looked directly at how user consumption of available bandwidth has changed over time.

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Abstract

A review of the future of academic libraries that draws initially on a generic model to describe the components of all library systems. Touches upon some economic changes and looks for evidence in statistical trends derived from United Kingdom reportage. From this extrapolates scenarios relating to the function of libraries as a collection of resources, as a physical place, its role in organising information and its service function. Library collections will continue to exist but described in different ways, whilst physical collections will mutate into multi-functional spaces. Knowledge management will become increasingly important and the overriding shift will be towards a service and support role. The librarian's role is also discussed and changes summarised.

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Abstract

Will traditional forms of communication seamlessly migrate to the Web? Liew, Foo, and Chennupati report that the top-ranked features of e-journals are those not available in paper journals: querying, navigation, and visualization.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.22-35

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Abstract

Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), a system originally designed as a tool for subject access to the Library's own collection in the late nineteenth century, has become, in the course of the last century, the main subject retrieval tool in library catalogs throughout the United States and in many other countries. It is one of the largest non-specialized controlled vocabularies in the world. As LCSH enters a new century, it faces an information environment that has undergone vast changes from what had prevailed when LCSH began, or, indeed, from its state in the early days of the online age. In order to continue its mission and to be useful in spheres outside library catalogs as well, LCSH must adapt to the multifarious environment. One possible approach is to adopt a series of scalable and flexible syntax and application rules to meet the needs of different user communities

Date

27. 5.2001 16:22:21

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone

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Abstract

This paper explores cataloging in the Age of Google. It considers what the technologies now being adopted mean for cataloging in the future. The author begins by exploring how digital-era students do research-they find using Google easier than using libraries. Mass digitization projects now are bringing into question the role that library cataloging has traditionally performed. The author asks readers to consider if the detailed attention librarians have been paying to descriptive cataloging can still be justified, and if cost-effective means for access should be considered.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Date

22. 2.2003 12:25:38

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Date

22. 2.2008 13:28:00

Source

Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 55(2008) H.1, S.18-22

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Date

22. 7.2009 13:22:50

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Abstract

A synthesis of some of the themes and ideas developed in a recently published book about the future of information: i in the sky: visions of the information future. Common themes included: problems in defining information and defining future time-scales, the ubiquity of information, accessibility, privacy censorship and control, customisation ofinformation products, the development of the World Wide Web, artificial intelligence and cybernetics, changes in working roles and structures of organisations, information literacy, information overload and the organisation and retrieval of information.

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Abstract

This paper discusses the ontology of the document and questions whether or not our understanding of the concept of a document has changed now that more and more information is transmitted through increasingly digital means. Moreover, the argument is advanced that the identity of librarians is bound up with the future of the document. Not merely should librarians be changing their roles as a reaction to new technologies but they need to be proactive in embracing change and not in any way resisting it. The paper focuses on the theory of the ontology of documents. A number of ideas will be discussed including the thoughts of Michael Buckland in his seminal paper 'What is a Document' (1997), and further discussion will draw on the work of Michel Foucault (1972), Ludwig Wittgenstein (1958, 1969) and more recently Ziming Liu (2004) among others. Is the concept of a document essentially the same or has the transformation of document to e-document brought about a fundamental change in its nature. The paper goes on to discuss the more practical nature of documents and the role of the librarian. There follows a brief review of a range of types of document, including: E-journals, E-books, and considers the prospect that Extensible Markup Language (XML) offers a technological vehicle for the advent of an E-collection - this being an aggregation of different document mediums. The notion of the delivery of this information to the user (consumer) is then considered and with it the role of librarian. Waaijers (2002) has argued that a consequence of digitisation has brought with it issues of ownership and responsibility, and refers to XML as offering the possibility of "anatomising the internal structure of the document." In the concluding part to this paper some speculative thoughts are advanced on what might be possible outcomes regarding the changing perceptions of what a document might be. Could the Modern Librarian's identity and function be inextricably linked to the concept of the document? Finally it is suggested that further research to gather empirical evidence could involve a comparative study of the providers of information and the users of information focussing on their respective concepts of a document.

Source

Librarianship in the information age: Proceedings of the 13th BOBCATSSS Symposium, 31 January - 2 February 2005 in Budapest, Hungary. Eds.: Marte Langeland u.a

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Content

"Umfrage unter Nobelpreisträgern bestätigt den Internet-Trend - Zum ersten Mal wurden Nobelpreisträger weltweit nach ihrer Einschätzung zu den Auswirkungen des Internet bis in das Jahr 2020 befragt. 71 Preisträger aus allen Kategorien nahmen an der Untersuchung teil, um der Frage nachzuspüren, wie das Zusammenspiel von Internet, Bildung und Innovation in den nächsten 20 Jahren die Welt beeinflussen wird. Den Preisträgern zufolge hat das Internet auch in Zukunft weiterhin einen positiven Einfluß auf die Verbreitung von Wissen und Bildung sowie auf den allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Wohlstand. - Grenzenlose Kommunikation - Im Zentrum der Umfrage standen die Themen Bildung, Innovationen und Lebensstandard. 93 Prozent der Befragten denken, daß das Internet die grenzüberschreitende Kommunikation verbessern wird. Auf diese Art werden ihrer Meinung nach Barrieren fallen, die im Moment noch zwischen Kulturkreisen bestehen. Auf lange Sicht ergäben sich ökonomische Vorteile für die Bevölkerung. 72 Prozent der Befragten zufolge birgt das Internet für Menschen in Entwicklungsländern mehr Möglichkeiten, am ökonomischen Aufschwung teilzuhaben. Die Studie wurde von Princeton Survey Research Associates (PSRA) im Auftrag von Cisco Systems durchgeführt. Fast ein Drittel aller lebenden Nobelpreisträger nahm daran teil. Rob Lloyd, President von Cisco Systems Europa: "Die Umfrage gibt uns einen Eindruck davon, wie einige der größten Denker unserer Zeit die Möglichkeiten des Internet einschätzen, die Welt zu verändern." - Internet beeinflußt die Arbeit nachhaltig - Als potenzielle Gefahren durch das Internet sehen die Preisträger die Verletzung der Privatsphäre (65 Prozent), eine wachsende Entfremdung (51 Prozent) sowie größere politische oder wirtschaftliche Ungleichheit (44 Prozent). Dennoch faßt die Mehrheit der Befragten das Internet als positiv auf. 85 Prozent gaben an, daß ihre eigene Arbeit und ihr Leben positiv durch das Internet beeinflußt werden. Die meisten Preisträger (89 Prozent) benutzen einen Computer, das Internet und E-Mail zur Kommunikation. 69 Prozent sind der Ansicht, daß sie mit Hilfe des Internet ihre Arbeiten schneller fertig stellen konnten. "Die Umfrageergebnisse sind deswegen so bedeutend, da die meisten der Preisträger ohne Computer oder Internet aufgewachsen sind.", so Mary McIntosh, Vizepräsidentin bei PSRA. "Das Durchschnittsalter der Befragten beträgt 72 Jahre." - E-Learning gehört die Zukunft - Das Internet wird Bildung und Lernmöglichkeiten verbessern, indem virtuelle Klassenzimmer entstehen. Dies wurde von 74 Prozent der Befragten angegeben. Innovationen werden den meisten Preisträgern zufolge beschleunigt und der Stand der Wissenschaft erweitert (82 Prozent). Fast alle Preisträger (93 Prozent) sind der Meinung, daß das Internet einen verbesserten Zugang zu Bibliotheken, Informationen und Lehrkörpern eröffnen wird."

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Content

"Die Vision von der künstlichen Intelligenz wird Wirklichkeit, sagt Computerbuchverleger und Web 2.0-Pionier Tim O'Reilly. Das Leben mit dem Internet sei viel weiter als manche ahnungslose Nutzer meinten. Und es gebe keinen Weg zurück. O'Reilly ist sich allerdings nicht sicher, ob der nächste große Technologie-Schub mit dem WorldWideWeb verbunden ist. " Wenn wir über unseren Umgang mit Computern reden, verbinden wir das immer noch damit, vor einem Bildschirm zu sitzen und auf einer Tastatur zu tippen. Aber Computer werden immer mehr in den Hintergrund gedrängt. Die offensichtliche Veränderung ist zunächst - was ja viele Menschen auch schon beschrieben haben-, dass auch mobile Endgeräte oder Mobiltelefone als Plattform dienen. Damit ist auch verbunden, dass Spracherkennung immer besser wird. Oder dass Fotoapparate mittlerweile mit GPS ausgestattet sind. Wenn Sie damit ein Foto machen, ist der Ort automatisch Teil des Fotos und damit Teil der Information, die Sie zum Beispiel auf eine Web-2.0-Anwendung wie flickr stellen. Und plötzlich lernt das globale Gehirn etwas, was Sie gar nicht beabsichtigt haben", betont O'Reilly. Microsoft habe eine Software vorgestellt, die Photosynth heißt. Mit ihr könnten aus aneinander gereihten Digitalfotos 3-D Modelle entworfen werden. Man müsse die Fotos nur mit "Tags" versehen, also markieren, und jemand anderes nutzt das und führt alles zu einem 3-D Modell zusammen. "Wir bewegen uns also in Richtung künstlicher Intelligenz. Allerdings ist immer noch ein Mensch dahinter, der dem Programm sagt, was es tun soll. Aber das Beispiel zeigt, was mit der Nutzung kollektiver Intelligenz gemeint ist. Wir geben immer mehr Daten in das globale Netzwerk ein, und Menschen schreiben Programme, die neue Verbindungen erstellen. Es ist, als würden die Synapsen des kollektiven Gehirns wachsen. Ich glaube, wir dürfen Überraschungen erwarten", meint O'Reilly.

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Abstract

Under the leadership of Ruth Carter's generation, cooperative, shared cataloging grew and flourished among academic and research libraries. The authors provide an overview of trends and challenges from a golden age of expanding budgets and international cooperation during the 1970's and 1980's and later responses to the economic retrenchment and demographic changes of the 1990's and early 2000's. Responses to current challenges, including the impact of outsourced cataloging, increasing complexity of cataloging rules, and emerging technological options, are discussed.

Footnote

Simultaneously published as Cataloger, Editor, and Scholar: Essays in Honor of Ruth C. Carter

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Abstract

Purpose - To argue that theoretical models from non-LIS disciplines can be of practical benefit to practitioner LIS research. In the area of digitisation collection development policy, such models highlight the importance of digital library preservation issues. Design/methodology/approach - An application of formal models from cultural theories derived from structuralism and semiotics to LIS problems. Findings - Theoretical models from non-LIS disciplines help illustrate and understand problems such as developing information literacy in the digital library environment or creating a balance between the need to develop new digital collections and the preservation of the digital collections which have already been created. Research limitations/implications - This is a theoretical argument that could be tested by practical case study investigation. Practical implications - The paper suggests that resourcing should be applied to digital preservation activity rather than a fresh round of digitisation of print originals, the preservation implications of which are uncertain. Originality/value - This paper gives some original perspectives on practical LIS challenges by applying abstract ideas from the area of cultural theory and applied linguistics.

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Content

"MONDION, France - One warm afternoon in the late 19th century, two middle-aged office clerks met an the same bench of the Boulevard Bourdon in Paris and, immediately became the best of friends. Bouvard and Pécuchet (the names Gustave Flaubert gave to his two comic heroes) discovered through their friendship a common purpose: the pursuit of universal knowledge: To achieve this ambitious goal, they attempted to read every thing they could find on every branch of human endeavor and, from their readings, cull the most outstanding facts and ideas. Flaubert's death in 1880 put an end to their enterprise, which was in essence endiess, but not before the two brave explorers had read their way through many learned volumes an agriculture, literature, animal husbandry, medicine, archeology and politics, always with disappointing results. What Flaubert's two Clowns discovered is what we have always known but seldom believed: that the accumulation of knowledge isn't knowledge. The desire to know everything an earth and in heaven is so ancient that one of the earliest accounts of this ambition is already a cautionary-tale. According to the 11th chapter of Genesis, after the Flood, the people of the earth journeyed east, to the land of Shinar, and decided to build a City and a tower that would reach the heavns. According to the Sanhedrin (the council of Jewish elders set up in Jerusalem in the first century), the place rohere the tower once rose never lost its peculiar quality and whoever passes it forgets all he knows. Years ago, I was shown a small hill of rubble outside the walls of Babylon and told that this was all that remained of Babel.
If Babel symbolized our incommensurate ambition, the Library of Alexandria showed how this Ambition might be achieved. Set up by Ptolemy I in the third century B.C., it was meant to hold every book an every imaginable subject. To ensure that no title escaped its vast catalog. a royal decree ordered that any book brought into the City was to be confiscated and copied; only then would the original (sometimes the copy) be returned. A curious document from the second century B.C., the perhaps apocryphal "Letter of Aristeas," recounts the library's origins. To assemble a universal library (says the letter), King Ptolemy wrote "to all the sovereigns and governors an earth" begging them to send to him every kind of book by every kind of author, "poets and prose writers, rhetoricians and sophists, doctors and soothsayers, historians and all others, too." The king's librarians calculated that they required 500.000 scrolls if they were to collect in Alexandria "all the books of all the peoples of the world." But even this (by our standards) modest stock of a half-million books was too much for any reader. The librarians of Alexandria devised a system of annotated catalogs for which they chose works, they deemed especially important, and appended a brief description to each title - one of the earliest "recommended reading" lists. In Alexandria, it became clear that the greater your ambition, the narrower your scope. But our ambition persists recently, the most popular Internet search service. Google, announced that it had concluded agreements with several leading research libraries to make some of their books available online to researchers.
The practical arguments for such a step are irrefutable: quantity, speed, precision, on-demand availability are no doubt important to the scholar: And new technologies need not be exclusionary. The invention of photography did not eliminate painting, it renewed it, and no doubt the screen and the reference books can feed oft Bach other and coexist amicably an the same reader's desk. All we need to do is remember the corollaries tethe arguments in favor of a virtual library:" that reading, in orderto allow reflection, requires slowness, depth and context; that leafing through a material book or roaming through material shelves is an intimate part of the craft; that the omnipresent electronic technology is still fragile and that, as it changes. we keep losing the possibility of retrieving that which was once stored in now outdated containers. We can still read the words an papyrus ashes saved from the charred ruins of Pompeii; we don't know for how lung it will be possible to read a text inscribed in a 2004 CD. This is not a complaint just a reminder. Jorge Luis Berges invented a Bouvard-and-Pécuchet-like charafter who tries to compile a universal encyclopedia so complete that nothing world be excluded from it. In the end, like his French forerunners, he falls. but not entirely. On the evening an which he gives up bis great project. he hires. a horse and buggy and takes a tour of the city. He sees brick walls, ordinary people. houses, a river, a marketplace and feels that somehow all these things are his own work. He realizes that his project was not impossible but merely redundant. The world encyclopedia, the universal library, already exists and is the world itself."

Footnote

Beilage zur Süddeutschen Zeitung. - Mit einer Abbildung: The Library of Alexandria, established in the third century B.C., amassed an imposing collection of 500.000 books.

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Abstract

The author takes on the assertion posed in recent educational articles that technology is driving down book circulation and contributing to the decline of reading-center learning. In his interview with Richard Cochran, Dean of the Ferris State University Library for Information, Technology, and Education, the two discuss the importance of incorporating technology to support all types of learning, and using faculty buy-in to insure that as many media as possible are integrated into the final building design.

Content

Part of a Special Issue: Accessibility of web-based information resources for people with disabilities: part 2. Vgl. auch unter: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/07378830210452668.

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Abstract

Google's massive online reading room will digitize the collections of several major libraries, including millions of volumes from the University of Michigan.

Content

"When Randall C. Jimerson, the president of the Society of American Archivists, heard of Google's plan to convert certain holdings at Oxford University and at some of the leading research libraries in the United States into digital files, searchable over the Web, he asked, "What are they thinking?" Mr. Jimerson had worries. Who would select the material? How would it be organized and identified to avoid mountains of excerpts taken out of context? Would Google users eventually forgo the experience of holding a book or looking at a historicaldocument? But in recent interviews, many scholars and librarians applauded the announcement by Google, the operator of the world's most popular Internet search service, to digitize some of the collections at Oxford, the University of Michigan, Stanford University, Harvard and the New York Public Library. The plan, in the words of Paul Duguid, information specialist at the University of California at Berkeley, will "blast wide open" the walls around the libraries of world-class institutions.
David Nasaw, a historian and director of the Center for the Humanities at the City University of New York's Graduate Center, said the ability to use keywords to locate books and documents could save academics traveltime and money and broaden their research. "This all captures people's imagination in a wonderful way," Said Kate Wittenberg, director of the Electronic Publishing Initiative at Columbia University. "But whether it's right or wrong is not the whole question and not the whole answer." This year Ms. Wittenberg's group completed a three-year study of research habits that included 1,233 students. The study concluded that electronic resources had become the main tool for gathering information, particularly among undergraduates. But Ms. Wittenberg does have concerns. "What I've learned is that libraries help people formulate questions as well as find answers," Ms. Wittenberg said. "Who will do that in a virtual world?" On the other hand, she Said, an enhanced databank could make it easier for students to research topics across disciplines. For example, a topic like "climate change" touches an both political science and science, she Said, and "in the physical world, the books about them are in two different buildings at Columbia." Online research could bring the two subjects together instantly. Robert Darnton, a professor of history at Princeton who is writing a book about the history of books, noted that by looking at a book's binding and paper quality, a researcher can discern much about the period in which it was published, the publisher and the intended audience.
"There may be some false consciousnesses about this breakthrough, that all learning will be at our fingertips," Mr. Darnton said of the plans to enhance Google's database. He saw room for both Google and real-world research. Libraries have already been changed by the Internet, said Paul LeClerc, president and chief executive of the New York Public Library: But libraries will still be needed to coliect and store information, he said. "TV did replace radio," Mr. LeCIerc said. "Videos and DVD's did not replace people going to the movies. It's still easier to read a book by hand than online." "The New-York Public Library Web site gets three-fourths of a billion hits a year from 200 different countries and territories, and that's with no marketing or advertising," he said. "That's the context in which this new element has to be placed." "We had 13 million reader visits last year," he continued. "We're serving a multiplicity of audiences - we serve people physically and virtually. It's an enormous contribution to human intellectual development." Many university leaders realize that for most people, information does not exist unless it is online, said Paul Courant, provost and executive vice president for academic affairs at the University of Michigan. Mr. Courant envisioned that in 20 years archives would be shared by institutions. While the world needs "tens of thousands of copies of 'To the Lighthouse,"' he said, "we don't need to have a zillion copies of some arcane monograph written by a sociologist in 1951."

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Abstract

Information tends to define community. Garfield reminisces about the reprint-sharing culture of science in the 1950s, and anticipates the digital full-text documents of the future.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.18-21

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Abstract

Baruchson-Arbib and Bronstein present the results of a Delphi study held in Israel from 1998 to 2000. One hundred and twenty directors of large public and academic libraries, heads of LIS departments, and of corporate information centers in the USA, Canada, Europe, and Israel participated, using a 47 statement website as a base. Consensus on most points was reached in the first round. A second round included only 26 participants whose responses fell outside the group consensus. Seventy seven percent believe the traditional model of the library will not be replaced in their lifetimes. A user centered approach is highly favored, as is more assertive behavior including marketing and promotion. Less than 8% believe the profession will disappear.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.5, S.397-408