Search (31 results, page 2 of 2)

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Abstract

Baruchson-Arbib and Bronstein present the results of a Delphi study held in Israel from 1998 to 2000. One hundred and twenty directors of large public and academic libraries, heads of LIS departments, and of corporate information centers in the USA, Canada, Europe, and Israel participated, using a 47 statement website as a base. Consensus on most points was reached in the first round. A second round included only 26 participants whose responses fell outside the group consensus. Seventy seven percent believe the traditional model of the library will not be replaced in their lifetimes. A user centered approach is highly favored, as is more assertive behavior including marketing and promotion. Less than 8% believe the profession will disappear.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.5, S.397-408

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Abstract

Digital information and the increasing amount and availability of its basis, data, is changing scholarship to a more or less dramatic extent. New areas of research and knowledge have been created by machine-produced data, calculations, and simulations in various academic disciplines. However, no adequate infrastructure for digital information has emerged yet. Whereas in the field of scientific information providers (libraries, document centers, publishers etc.) new services, arrangements and business models are being experimented, the scholarly disciplines are, by and large, lagging behind these developments, as are most scientific work practices. To sum up: An information infrastructure of scholarly information has been developed, but not one for scholarly information, yet. What this means, and some ideas of what could be done about it, shall be discussed in the talk.

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Content

"Für Optimisten wie den amerikanischen Computerwissenschaftler Nicholas Negroponte bricht das kommende Digitalzeitalter wie eine Naturgewalt über uns herein. Als Zukunftsforscher kann ich jedoch nicht in den Tenor der üblichen kühnen Prophezeiungen der Medienbranche einstimmen. In Deutschland und den USA wird zwar viel über E-Commerce spekuliert. In Wirklichkeit nutzen aber die privaten Verbraucher dort Shopping, Reisebuchung und Bücherkauf per PC kaum (je unter 3 %), Hornebanking nur 5 % der Amerikaner und 3 % der Deutschen. Obwohl immer mehr Firmen online gehen, halten die Verbraucher weitgehend an ihren außerhäuslichen Konsumgewohnheiten fest. Bisher bietet das Netz gefühls- und erlebnismäßig einfach zu wenig. Auch 2010 werden über 90 % des privaten Verbrauchs nicht über OnlineGeschäfte getätigt. Selbst wenn sich der E-Commerce-Umsatz der privaten Verbraucher jährlich verdoppeln sollte, werden die Online-Geschäfte in Deutschland auch 2002 keine 3 % des Einzelhandelsumsatzes ausmachen (derzeit: 22 Milliarden Mark Einzelhandelsumsatz zu 2,5 Milliarden aus Online-Geschäften). Die Frage, warum Online-Shopping so wenig Resonanz findet, lässt sich auf folgende Ursachen zurückführen: Erlebniskonsum in den Shopping-Centern ist attraktiver; wachsende Ungeduld bei langem Laden der Website, Unzufriedenheit über verwirrend gestaltete Online-Shops, Enttäuschung über nicht verfügbare Produkte sowie Abbruch der Kaufabsicht, wenn das Shop-System abstürzt. Leider findet die digitale Revolution in Deutschland bisher fast nur auf Unternehmensseite statt, die Fragen nach den Bedürfnissen der Konsumenten bleiben weitgehend unbeantwortet.

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Abstract

In the future, frontier research in many fields will increasingly require the collaboration of globally distributed groups of researchers needing access to distributed computing, data resources and support for remote access to expensive, multi-national specialized facilities such as telescopes and accelerators or specialist data archives. There is also a general belief that an important road to innovation will be provided by multi-disciplinary and collaborative research - from bio-informatics and earth systems science to social science and archaeology. There will also be an explosion in the amount of research data collected in the next decade - 100's of Terabytes will be common in many fields. These future research requirements constitute the 'eResearch' agenda. Powerful software services will be widely deployed on top of the academic research networks to form the necessary 'Cyberinfrastructure' to provide a collaborative research environment for the global academic community. The difficulties in combining data and information from distributed sources, the multi-disciplinary nature of research and collaboration, and the need to move to present researchers with tooling that enable them to express what they want to do rather than how to do it highlight the need for an ecosystem of Semantic Computing technologies. Such technologies will further facilitate information sharing and discovery, will enable reasoning over information, and will allow us to start thinking about knowledge and how it can be handled by computers. This talk will review the elements of this vision and explain the need for semantic-oriented computing by exploring eResearch projects that have successfully applied relevant technologies. It will also suggest that a software + service model with scientific services delivered from the cloud will become an increasingly accepted model for research.

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Abstract

Bericht über eine Konferenz "Wizards of Oz", 11.-13.10.2001

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Abstract

The range, depths and limits of what we know depend on the media with which we attempt to record our knowledge. This essay begins with a brief review of developments in a) media: stone, manuscripts, books and digital media, to trace how collections of recorded knowledge expanded to 235,000 in 1837 and have expanded to over 100 million unique titles in a single database including over 1 billion individual listings in 2007. The advent of digital media has brought full text scanning and electronic networks, which enable us to consult digital books and images from our office, home or potentially even with our cell phones. These magnificent developments raise a number of concerns and new challenges. An historical survey of major projects that changed the world reveals that they have taken from one to eight centuries. This helps explain why commercial offerings, which offer useful, and even profitable short-term solutions often undermine a long-term vision. New technologies have the potential to transform our approach to knowledge, but require a vision of a systematic new approach to knowledge. This paper outlines four ingredients for such a vision in the European context. First, the scope of European observatories should be expanded to inform memory institutions of latest technological developments. Second, the quest for a European Digital Library should be expanded to include a distributed repository, a digital reference room and a virtual agora, whereby memory institutions will be linked with current research;. Third, there is need for an institute on Knowledge Organization that takes up anew Otlet's vision, and the pioneering efforts of the Mundaneum (Brussels) and the Bridge (Berlin). Fourth, we need to explore requirements for a Universal Digital Library, which works with countries around the world rather than simply imposing on them an external system. Here, the efforts of the proposed European University of Culture could be useful. Ultimately we need new systems, which open research into multiple ways of knowing, multiple "knowledges". In the past, we went to libraries to study the recorded world. In a world where cameras and sensors are omnipresent we have new recording worlds. In future, we may also use these recording worlds to study the riches of libraries.

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Abstract

Much time and effort has been devoted to designing and developing library Web sites that are easy to navigate by both new students and experienced researchers. In a review of the Southampton Institute Library it was decided that in addition to updating the existing homepage an alternative would be offered. Drawing on theory relating to user interface design, learning styles and creative thinking, an Alternative Library navigation system was added to the more traditional library homepage. The aim was to provide students with a different way to explore and discover the wide range of information resources available by taking a less formal approach to navigation based on the metaphor of physical space and playful exploration.

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Abstract

In a dynamic, information and technology-driven society, librarians can create new roles by assessing changes in their environment, the potential effect and ways to reposition themselves. Scenario building, literature reviews, situation analysis, speculation and forecasting may be used. Librarians have a good idea of what they can offer, but are often unable to reposition themselves in time. Reasons for this generally slow reaction are speculated on and the future role of librarians (including expected knowledge and skills) is briefly reviewed. An argument is then pursued on how an educational perspective that supports a constructivist-learning environment, portfolio assessment, and affective and metacognitive skills could support librarians in preparing for change. The value of task analysis, needs assessment, and market research are mentioned briefly. Apart from knowledge (cognitive level), teaching should focus on affective and metacognitive skills, decision-making abilities, environmental scanning, change management and the typical personality characteristics required to survive in the cyber age (e.g. assertiveness, self-confidence, creative thinking, and innovativeness).

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Footnote

Dt. Übersetzung von: The Semantic Web: a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities. In: Scientific American. 284(2001) no.5, S.34-43.

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Abstract

This article explores the emphasis on control in cataloging versus the chaos found on the Web. It delves into adversarial relationships between catalogers and technologists. It seeks commonalities and suggests that new alternatives addressing both perspectives might offer superior and more satisfying results. A series of examples juxtapose current practices, enrichment possibilities, and flaws in current digital solutions to suggest potential opportunities where catalogers might excel. Speculation on ways to promote cataloging principles and values via more direct participation in the unruly digital environment hints at a more promising future for our profession.

Footnote

Simultaneously published as Cataloger, Editor, and Scholar: Essays in Honor of Ruth C. Carter