Search (13 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

QVIZ will research and create a framework for visualizing and querying archival resources by a time-space interface based on maps and emergent knowledge structures. The framework will also integrate social software, such as wikis, in order to utilize knowledge in existing and new communities of practice. QVIZ will lead to improved information sharing and knowledge creation, easier access to information in a user-adapted context and innovative ways of exploring and visualizing materials over time, between countries and other administrative units. The common European framework for sharing and accessing archival information provided by the QVIZ project will open a considerably larger commercial market based on archival materials as well as a richer understanding of European history.

Content

Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".

Date

20. 1.2008 17:28:29

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Abstract

The goal of Open Knowledge Maps is to create a visual interface to the world's scientific knowledge. The base for this visual interface consists of so-called knowledge maps, which enable the exploration of existing knowledge and the discovery of new knowledge. Our open source knowledge mapping software applies a mixture of summarization techniques and similarity measures on article metadata, which are iteratively chained together. After processing, the representation is saved in a database for use in a web visualization. In the future, we want to create a space for collective knowledge mapping that brings together individuals and communities involved in exploration and discovery. We want to enable people to guide each other in their discovery by collaboratively annotating and modifying the automatically created maps.

Content

Beitrag in einem Themenschwerpunkt 'Computerlinguistik und Bibliotheken'. Vgl.: http://0277.ch/ojs/index.php/cdrs_0277/article/view/157/355.

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Content

"An einem trüben Novembertag 2008 sitzen zwei Männer an einem ovalen Konferenztisch. Sie befinden sich wie die meisten Geschäftstreibenden im Strudel der Finanzmärkte. Ihr Tisch steht im einzigen mehrstöckigen Nachwendebau der Berliner Karl-Marx-Allee. Links vom Fenster leuchtet die Spitze des Fernsehturms, rechts fällt der Blick auf kilometerlange Kachelfassaden. Die Verhandlungen mit den Investoren ziehen sich seit Wochen hin. Ein rhetorisches Ringen. Der Hirnforscher fragt: "Ist Wissen mit großem 'W' und wissen mit kleinem 'w' für Sie das Gleiche?" Der Vertriebsmann sagt: "Learntainment", "Knowledge Nuggets", "Mindmapping". Am Ende liegt ein unterschriebener Vertrag auf dem Tisch - an einem Tag, an dem Daimler laut über Kurzarbeit nachdenkt. Martin Hirsch und Ralf von Grafenstein genehmigen sich einen Piccolo. In der schwersten Wirtschaftskrise der Bundesrepublik haben sie für "eyePlorer" einen potenten Investor gefunden. Er hat die Tragweite ihrer Idee verstanden, und er hat begriffen: Die Welt ist eine Scheibe.
Eine neue visuelle Ordnung Martin Hirsch ist der Enkel des Nobelpreisträgers Werner Heisenberg. Außerdem ist er Hirnforscher und beschäftigt sich seit Jahren mit der Frage: Was tut mein Kopf eigentlich, während ich hirnforsche? Ralf von Grafenstein ist Marketingexperte und spezialisiert auf Dienstleistungen im Internet. Zusammen haben sie also am 1. Dezember 2008 eine Firma in Berlin gegründet, deren Heiliger Gral besagte Scheibe ist, auf der - das ist die Idee - bald die ganze Welt, die Internetwelt zumindest, Platz finden soll. Die Scheibe heißt eyePlorer, was sich als Aufforderung an ihre Nutzer versteht. Die sollen auf einer neuartigen, eben scheibenförmigen Plattform die unermesslichen Datensätze des Internets in eine neue visuelle Ordnung bringen. Der Schlüssel dafür, da waren sich Hirsch und von Grafenstein sicher, liegt in der Hirnforschung, denn warum nicht die assoziativen Fähigkeiten des Menschen auf Suchmaschinen übertragen? Anbieter wie Google lassen von solchen Ansätzen bislang die Finger. Hier setzt man dafür auf Volltextprogramme, also sprachbegabte Systeme, die letztlich aber, genau wie die Schlagwortsuche, nur zu opak gerankten Linksammlungen führen. Weiter als auf Seite zwei des Suchergebnisses wagt sich der träge Nutzer meistens nicht vor. Weil sie niemals wahrgenommen wird, fällt eine Menge möglicherweise kostbare Information unter den Tisch.
Skelett mit Sonnenbrille Hirsch sitzt in einem grell erleuchteten Konferenzraum. In der rechten Ecke steht ein Skelett, dem jemand eine Sonnenbrille aufgeklemmt hat. In der Hand hält Hirsch ein Modellgehirn, auf dem er im Rhythmus seines Sprachflusses mit den Fingern trommelt. Obwohl im Verlauf der nächsten Stunden erschreckend verwickelte Netzdiagramme zum Einsatz kommen, hält Hirsch sich an die Suggestivkraft des Bildes. Er sagt: "Das Primärerlebnis der Maschine ist bei Google das eines Jägers. Sie pirscht sich an eine Internetseite heran." Man denkt: "Genauso fühlt es sich an: Suchbegriff eingeben, 'enter' drücken, Website schießen!", schon kommt die Komplementärmetapher geschmeidig aus dem Köcher: Im Gegensatz zum Google-Jäger, sagt Hirsch, sei der eyePlorer ein Sammler, der stöbere, organisiere und dann von allem nasche. Hier werden Informationen, auf die handelsübliche Suchmaschinen nur verweisen, kulinarisch aufbereitet und zu Schwerpunkten verknüpft. Im Gegensatz zu ihren Vorgängern ist die Maschine ansatzweise intelligent. Sie findet im Laufe einer Sitzung heraus, worum es dem Benutzer geht, versteht den Zusammenhang von Suche und Inhalt und ist deshalb in der Lage, Empfehlungen auszusprechen.
Einstein, Weizsäcker und Hitler Zu Demonstrationszwecken wird die eyePlorer-Scheibe an die Wand projiziert. Gibt man im kleinen Suchfeld in der Mitte den Namen Werner Heisenberg ein, verwandelt sich die Scheibe in einen Tortenboden. Die einzelnen Stücke entsprechen Kategorien wie "Person", "Technologie" oder "Organisation". Sie selbst sind mit bunten Knöpfen bedeckt, unter denen sich die Informationen verbergen. So kommt es, dass man beim Thema Heisenberg nicht nur auf die Kollegen Einstein, Weizsäcker und Schrödinger trifft, sondern auch auf Adolf Hitler. Ein Klick auf den entsprechenden Button stellt unter anderem heraus: Heisenberg kam 1933 unter Beschuss der SS, weil er sich nicht vor den Karren einer antisemitischen Physikbewegung spannen ließ. Nach diesem Prinzip spült die frei assoziierende Maschine vollautomatisch immer wieder neue Fakten an, um die der Nutzer zwar nicht gebeten hat, die ihn bei seiner Recherche aber möglicherweise unterstützen und die er später - die Maschine ist noch ausbaubedürftig - auch modellieren darf. Aber will man das, sich von einer Maschine beraten lassen? "Google ist wie ein Zoo", sekundiert Ralf von Grafenstein. "In einem Gehege steht eine Giraffe, im anderen ein Raubtier, aber die sind klar getrennt voneinander durch Gitter und Wege. Es gibt keine Möglichkeit, sie zusammen anzuschauen. Da kommen wir ins Spiel. Wir können Äpfel mit Birnen vergleichen!" Die Welt ist eine Scheibe oder die Scheibe eben eine Welt, auf der vieles mit vielem zusammenhängt und manches auch mit nichts. Der Vorteil dieser Maschine ist, dass sie in Zukunft Sinn stiften könnte, wo andere nur spröde auf Quellen verweisen. "Google ist ja ein unheimlich heterogenes Erlebnis mit ständigen Wartezeiten und Mausklicks dazwischen. Das kostet mich viel zu viel Metagedankenkraft", sagt Hirsch. "Wir wollten eine Maschine mit einer ästhetisch ansprechenden Umgebung bauen, aus der ich mich kaum wegbewege, denn sie liefert mir Informationen in meinen Gedanken hinein."
Wenn die Maschine denkt Zur Hybris des Projekts passt, dass der eyePlorer ursprünglich HAL heißen sollte - wie der außer Rand und Band geratene Bordcomputer aus Kubricks "2001: Odyssee im Weltraum". Wenn man die Buchstaben aber jeweils um eine Alphabetposition nach rechts verrückt, ergibt sich IBM. Was passiert mit unserem Wissen, wenn die Maschine selbst anfängt zu denken? Ralf von Grafenstein macht ein ernstes Gesicht. "Es ist nicht unser Ansinnen, sie alleinzulassen. Es geht bei uns ja nicht nur darum, zu finden, sondern auch mitzumachen. Die Community ist wichtig. Der Dialog ist beiderseitig." Der Lotse soll in Form einer wachsamen Gemeinschaft also an Bord bleiben. Begünstigt wird diese Annahme auch durch die aufkommenden Anfasstechnologien, mit denen das iPhone derzeit so erfolgreich ist: "Allein zehn Prozent der menschlichen Gehirnleistung gehen auf den Pinzettengriff zurück." Martin Hirsch wundert sich, dass diese Erkenntnis von der IT-Branche erst jetzt berücksichtigt wird. Auf berührungssensiblen Bildschirmen sollen die Nutzer mit wenigen Handgriffen bald spielerisch Inhalte schaffen und dem System zur Verfügung stellen. So wird aus der Suchmaschine ein "Sparringspartner" und aus einem Informationsknopf ein "Knowledge Nugget". Wie auch immer man die Erkenntniszutaten des Internetgroßmarkts serviert: Wissen als Zeitwort ist ein länglicher Prozess. Im Moment sei die Maschine noch auf dem Stand eines Zweijährigen, sagen ihre Schöpfer. Sozialisiert werden soll sie demnächst im Internet, ihre Erziehung erfolgt dann durch die Nutzer. Als er Martin Hirsch mit seiner Scheibe zum ersten Mal gesehen habe, dachte Ralf von Grafenstein: "Das ist überfällig! Das wird kommen! Das muss raus!" Jetzt ist es da, klein, unschuldig und unscheinbar. Man findet es bei Google."

Date

23. 2.2009 16:32:44

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Abstract

Icon system could represent an efficient solution for collective iconic categorization of knowledge by providing graphical interpretation. Their pictorial characters assist visualizing the structure of text to become more understandable beyond vocabulary obstacle. In this paper we are proposing a Knowledge Engineering (KM) based iconic representation approach. We assume that these systematic icons improve collective knowledge management. Meanwhile, text (constructed under our knowledge management model - Hypertopic) helps to reduce the diversity of graphical understanding belonging to different users. This "position paper" also prepares to demonstrate our hypothesis by an "iconic social tagging" experiment which is to be accomplished in 2011 with UTT students. We describe the "socio semantic web" information portal involved in this project, and a part of the icons already designed for this experiment in Sustainability field. We have reviewed existing theoretical works on icons from various origins, which can be used to lay the foundation of robust "icons systems".

Source

Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2011 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS 2011), May 23-27, 2011,The Sheraton University City Hotel, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Abstract

Many real-world domains can be represented as large node-link graphs: backbone Internet routers connect with 70,000 other hosts, mid-sized Web servers handle between 20,000 and 200,000 hyperlinked documents, and dictionaries contain millions of words defined in terms of each other. Computational manipulation of such large graphs is common, but previous tools for graph visualization have been limited to datasets of a few thousand nodes. Visual depictions of graphs and networks are external representations that exploit human visual processing to reduce the cognitive load of many tasks that require understanding of global or local structure. We assert that the two key advantages of computer-based systems for information visualization over traditional paper-based visual exposition are interactivity and scalability. We also argue that designing visualization software by taking the characteristics of a target user's task domain into account leads to systems that are more effective and scale to larger datasets than previous work. This thesis contains a detailed analysis of three specialized systems for the interactive exploration of large graphs, relating the intended tasks to the spatial layout and visual encoding choices. We present two novel algorithms for specialized layout and drawing that use quite different visual metaphors. The H3 system for visualizing the hyperlink structures of web sites scales to datasets of over 100,000 nodes by using a carefully chosen spanning tree as the layout backbone, 3D hyperbolic geometry for a Focus+Context view, and provides a fluid interactive experience through guaranteed frame rate drawing. The Constellation system features a highly specialized 2D layout intended to spatially encode domain-specific information for computational linguists checking the plausibility of a large semantic network created from dictionaries. The Planet Multicast system for displaying the tunnel topology of the Internet's multicast backbone provides a literal 3D geographic layout of arcs on a globe to help MBone maintainers find misconfigured long-distance tunnels. Each of these three systems provides a very different view of the graph structure, and we evaluate their efficacy for the intended task. We generalize these findings in our analysis of the importance of interactivity and specialization for graph visualization systems that are effective and scalable.

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Content

Traditional print reference guides often have two methods of finding information: an order (alphabetical for dictionaries and encyclopedias, by subject hierarchy in the case of thesauri) and indices (ordered lists, with a more complete listing of words and concepts, which refers back to original content from the main body of the book). A user of such traditional print reference guides who is looking for information will either browse through the ordered information in the main body of the reference book, or scan through the indices to find what is necessary. The advent of the computer allows for much more rapid electronic searches of the same information, and for multiple layers of indices. Users can either search through information by entering a keyword, or users can browse through the information through an outline index, which represents the information contained in the main body of the data. There are two traditional user interfaces for such applications. First, the user may type text into a search field and in response, a list of results is returned to the user. The user then selects a returned entry and may page through the resulting information. Alternatively, the user may choose from a list of words from an index. For example, software thesaurus applications, in which a user attempts to find synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, etc. for a selected word, are usually implemented using the conventional search and presentation techniques discussed above. The presentation of results only allows for a one-dimensional order of data at any one time. In addition, only a limited number of results can be shown at once, and selecting a result inevitably leads to another page-if the result is not satisfactory, the users must search again. Finally, it is difficult to present information about the manner in which the search results are related, or to present quantitative information about the results without causing confusion. Therefore, there exists a need for a multidimensional graphical display of information, in particular with respect to information relating to the meaning of words and their relationships to other words. There further exists a need to present large amounts of information in a way that can be manipulated by the user, without the user losing his place. And there exists a need for more fluid, intuitive and powerful thesaurus functionality that invites the exploration of language.

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Abstract

The discovery service (a search engine and service called WILBERT) used at our library at the Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau (TUAS Wildau) is comprised of more than 8 million items. If we were to record all licensed publications in this tool to a higher level of articles, including their bibliographic records and full texts, we would have a holding estimated at a hundred million documents. A lot of features, such as ranking, autocompletion, multi-faceted classification, refining opportunities reduce the number of hits. However, it is not enough to give intuitive support for a systematic overview of topics related to documents in the library. John Naisbitt once said: "We are drowning in information, but starving for knowledge." This quote is still very true today. Two years ago, we started to develop micro thesauri for MINT topics in order to develop an advanced indexing of the library stock. We use iQvoc as a vocabulary management system to create the thesaurus. It provides an easy-to-use browser interface that builds a SKOS thesaurus in the background. The purpose of this is to integrate the thesauri in WILBERT in order to offer a better subject-related search. This approach especially supports first-year students by giving them the possibility to browse through a hierarchical alignment of a subject, for instance, logistics or computer science, and thereby discover how the terms are related. It also supports the students with an insight into established abbreviations and alternative labels. Students at the TUAS Wildau were involved in the developmental process of the software regarding the interface and functionality of iQvoc. The first steps have been taken and involve the inclusion of 3000 terms in our discovery tool WILBERT.

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Abstract

Zielsetzung - Aufgrund der rasch wachsenden Anzahl an Publikationen zur Informationskompetenz ergibt sich eine zunehmende Notwendigkeit von Überblicksarbeiten. Dieser Betrag hat das Ziel, mittels Science Mapping einen Überblick über die wissenschaftliche Literatur zu schaffen. Forschungsmethoden - Unter Verwendung von BibExcel und VOSviewer wurden 1589 wissenschaftliche Artikel analysiert und drei verschiedene Visualisierungen erstellt. Ergebnisse - Es gibt ein relativ großes internationales Autorennetzwerk, in welchem die meisten Hauptakteure miteinander in Verbindung stehen. Die wichtigsten Schwerpunkte sind: Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz im Hochschulbereich, Prozessmodelle zum Informationssuchverhalten, Phänomenographie und Informationskompetenz im beruflichen Umfeld. Schlussfolgerungen - Viele der Schwerpunkte wurden schon vereinzelt in Review-Artikeln genannt, aber noch nie via Science Mapping zusammen visualisiert. Somit ermöglicht diese Arbeit erstmalig ein »big picture« der Produktionslandschaft. Künftige Arbeiten könnten die Literatur mit anderen Science Mapping Tools bzw. Visualisierungstechniken untersuchen.

Content

Vgl.: https://yis.univie.ac.at/index.php/yis/article/view/1417/1251. Diesem Beitrag liegt folgende Abschlussarbeit zugrunde: Jaklitsch, Markus: Informationsvisualisierung am Beispiel des Begriffs Informationskompetenz: Eine szientometrische Untersuchung unter Verwendung von BibExcel und VOSviewer. Masterarbeit (MSc), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, 2015. Volltext: http://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubg:1-90404.

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Abstract

Das WWW entwickelte sich aus dem Bedürfnis, textuelle Information einfach und schnell zu durchforsten. Dabei entstand das Konzept des 'Hyperlinks', womit es möglich ist, Texte miteinander zu verknüpfen. Die Anzahl der Webseiten nahm mit der Verbreitung des WWW rapide zu. Das Problem heutzutage ist: Es gibt prinzipiell jede Art von Information im Internet, doch wie kommt man da dran?

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Source

Extensions and corrections to the UDC. 29(2007), S.297-300

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Series

Lecture notes on data engineering and communications technologies book series; vol.32

Source

Data visualization and knowledge engineering. Eds. J. Hemanth, et al

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Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus

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Content

As the team describe in a paper posted (http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.04951) on arXiv, they found that figures did indeed matter-but not all in the same way. An average paper in PubMed Central has about one diagram for every three pages and gets 1.67 citations. Papers with more diagrams per page and, to a lesser extent, plots per page tended to be more influential (on average, a paper accrued two more citations for every extra diagram per page, and one more for every extra plot per page). By contrast, including photographs and equations seemed to decrease the chances of a paper being cited by others. That agrees with a study from 2012, whose authors counted (by hand) the number of mathematical expressions in over 600 biology papers and found that each additional equation per page reduced the number of citations a paper received by 22%. This does not mean that researchers should rush to include more diagrams in their next paper. Dr Howe has not shown what is behind the effect, which may merely be one of correlation, rather than causation. It could, for example, be that papers with lots of diagrams tend to be those that illustrate new concepts, and thus start a whole new field of inquiry. Such papers will certainly be cited a lot. On the other hand, the presence of equations really might reduce citations. Biologists (as are most of those who write and read the papers in PubMed Central) are notoriously mathsaverse. If that is the case, looking in a physics archive would probably produce a different result.