Search (168 results, page 8 of 9)

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Source

Challenges and opportunities for knowledge organization in the digital age: proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference, 9-11 July 2018, Porto, Portugal / organized by: International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), ISKO Spain and Portugal Chapter, University of Porto - Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Research Centre in Communication, Information and Digital Culture (CIC.digital) - Porto. Eds.: F. Ribeiro u. M.E. Cerveira

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Abstract

Aggregated journal-journal citation networks based on the Journal Citation Reports 2004 of the Science Citation Index (5,968 journals) and the Social Science Citation Index (1,712 journals) are made accessible from the perspective of any of these journals. A vector-space model Is used for normalization, and the results are brought online at http://www.leydesdorff.net/jcr04 as input files for the visualization program Pajek. The user is thus able to analyze the citation environment in terms of links and graphs. Furthermore, the local impact of a journal is defined as its share of the total citations in the specific journal's citation environments; the vertical size of the nodes is varied proportionally to this citation impact. The horizontal size of each node can be used to provide the same information after correction for within-journal (self-)citations. In the "citing" environment, the equivalents of this measure can be considered as a citation activity index which maps how the relevant journal environment is perceived by the collective of authors of a given journal. As a policy application, the mechanism of Interdisciplinary developments among the sciences is elaborated for the case of nanotechnology journals.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.1, S.25-38

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Abstract

This paper proposes a novel methodology to visualize a classification scheme. It is demonstrated with the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Computing Classification System (CCS). The collection derived from the ACM digital library, containing 37,543 documents classified by CCS. The assigned classes, subject descriptors, and keywords were processed in a dataset to produce a graphical representation of the documents. The general conception is based on the similarity of co-classes (themes) proportional to the number of common publications. The final number of all possible classes and subclasses in the collection was 353 and therefore the similarity matrix of co-classes had the same dimension. A spherical surface was chosen as the target information space. Classes and documents' node locations on the sphere were obtained by means of Multidimensional Scaling coordinates. By representing the surface on a plane like a map projection, it is possible to analyze the visualization layout. The graphical patterns were organized in some colour clusters. For evaluation of given visualization maps, graphics filtering was applied. This proposed method can be very useful in interdisciplinary research fields. It allows for a great amount of heterogeneous information to be conveyed in a compact display, including topics, relationships among topics, frequency of occurrence, importance and changes of these properties over time.

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Abstract

The authors of this paper investigate terms of consumers' diabetes based on a log from the Yahoo!Answers social question and answers (Q&A) forum, ascertain characteristics and relationships among terms related to diabetes from the consumers' perspective, and reveal users' diabetes information seeking patterns. In this study, the log analysis method, data coding method, and visualization multiple-dimensional scaling analysis method were used for analysis. The visual analyses were conducted at two levels: terms analysis within a category and category analysis among the categories in the schema. The findings show that the average number of words per question was 128.63, the average number of sentences per question was 8.23, the average number of words per response was 254.83, and the average number of sentences per response was 16.01. There were 12 categories (Cause & Pathophysiology, Sign & Symptom, Diagnosis & Test, Organ & Body Part, Complication & Related Disease, Medication, Treatment, Education & Info Resource, Affect, Social & Culture, Lifestyle, and Nutrient) in the diabetes related schema which emerged from the data coding analysis. The analyses at the two levels show that terms and categories were clustered and patterns were revealed. Future research directions are also included.

Source

Information processing and management. 49(2013) no.5, S.1019-1048

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Abstract

Whereas traditional science maps emphasize citation statistics and static relationships, this paper presents a term-based method to identify and visualize the evolutionary pathways of scientific topics in a series of time slices. First, we create a data preprocessing model for accurate term cleaning, consolidating, and clustering. Then we construct a simulated data streaming function and introduce a learning process to train a relationship identification function to adapt to changing environments in real time, where relationships of topic evolution, fusion, death, and novelty are identified. The main result of the method is a map of scientific evolutionary pathways. The visual routines provide a way to indicate the interactions among scientific subjects and a version in a series of time slices helps further illustrate such evolutionary pathways in detail. The detailed outline offers sufficient statistical information to delve into scientific topics and routines and then helps address meaningful insights with the assistance of expert knowledge. This empirical study focuses on scientific proposals granted by the United States National Science Foundation, and demonstrates the feasibility and reliability. Our method could be widely applied to a range of science, technology, and innovation policy research, and offer insight into the evolutionary pathways of scientific activities.

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 68(2017) no.8, S.1925-1939

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nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 50(1999) H.2, S.79-86

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Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 58(2007) H.3, S.149-158

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Abstract

In his entertaining and informative book "Graphic Discovery", Howard Wainer unlocked the power of graphical display to make complex problems clear. Now he's back with Picturing the Uncertain World, a book that explores how graphs can serve as maps to guide us when the information we have is ambiguous or incomplete. Using a visually diverse sampling of graphical display, from heartrending autobiographical displays of genocide in the Kovno ghetto to the 'Pie Chart of Mystery' in a "New Yorker" cartoon, Wainer illustrates the many ways graphs can be used - and misused - as we try to make sense of an uncertain world. "Picturing the Uncertain World" takes readers on an extraordinary graphical adventure, revealing how the visual communication of data offers answers to vexing questions yet also highlights the measure of uncertainty in almost everything we do. Are cancer rates higher or lower in rural communities? How can you know how much money to sock away for retirement when you don't know when you'll die? And where exactly did nineteenth-century novelists get their ideas? These are some of the fascinating questions Wainer invites readers to consider. Along the way he traces the origins and development of graphical display, from William Playfair, who pioneered the use of graphs in the eighteenth century, to instances today where the public has been misled through poorly designed graphs. We live in a world full of uncertainty, yet it is within our grasp to take its measure. Read "Picturing the Uncertain World" and learn how.

LCSH

Uncertainty (Information theory) / Graphic methods

Subject

Uncertainty (Information theory) / Graphic methods

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Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.11, S.1461-1469

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Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 57(2006) H.5, S.249-254

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Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.11, S.2219-2228

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Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.9, S.1871-1887

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Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 64(2013) H.4, S.209-213

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Series

Communications in computer and information science; 478

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Young information scientists. 1(2016), S.31-43

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Abstract

The use of graphical representations is very common in information technology and engineering. Although these same tools could be applied effectively in other areas, they are not used because they are hardly known or are completely unheard of. This article aims to discuss the results of the experimentation carried out on graphical approaches to knowledge representation during research, analysis and problem-solving in the health care sector. The experimentation was carried out on conceptual mapping and Petri Nets, developed collaboratively online with the aid of the CMapTool and WoPeD graphic applications. Two distinct professional communities have been involved in the research, both pertaining to the Local Health Units in Tuscany. One community is made up of head physicians and health care managers whilst the other is formed by technical staff from the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene. It emerged from the experimentation that concept maps arc considered more effective in analyzing knowledge domain related to the problem to be faced (description of what it is). On the other hand, Petri Nets arc more effective in studying and formalizing its possible solutions (description of what to do to). For the same reason, those involved in the experimentation have proposed the complementary rather than alternative use of the two knowledge representation methods as a support for professional problem-solving.

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Abstract

Die Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) stellt als kooperativ erstelltes, kontrolliertes Vokabular ein aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum nicht mehr wegzudenkendes Mittel zur Verschlagwortung von Medien dar. Die SWD dient primär der Vereinheitlichung der Verschlagwortung. Darüber hinaus sind in der Struktur der SWD Relationen zwischen Schlagwörtern definiert, die eine gut vorbereitete Suche stark erleichtern können. Beispiel für solche Relationen sind die Unterbegriff-/Oberbegriffrelationen (Hyponym/Hyperonym) oder die Relation der Ähnlichkeit von Begriffen. Diese Arbeit unternimmt den Versuch, durch die Erstellung eines Such- und Visualisierungstools den Umgang mit der SWD zu erleichtern. Im Fokus der Arbeit steht dabei zum einen die Aufgabe des Fachreferenten, ein Medium geeignet zu verschlagworten. Diese Aufgabe soll durch die Optimierung der technischen Suchmöglichkeiten mit Hilfe von Schlagwörtern geschehen, z.B. durch die Suche mit Hilfe Regulärer Ausdrücke oder durch die Suche entlang der hierarchischen Relationen. Zum anderen sind die beschriebenen Relationen innerhalb der SWD oft unsauber spezifiziert, was ein negativer Seiteneffekt der interdisziplinären und kooperativen Erstellung der SWD ist. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch geeignete Visualisierung viele Fehler schnell auffindbar und korrigierbar sind, was die Aufgabe der Datenpflege um ein Vielfaches vereinfacht. Diese Veröffentlichung geht zurück auf eine Master-Arbeit im postgradualen Fernstudiengang Master of Arts (Library and Information Science) an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

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Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.10, S.2477-2488

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Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 68(2017) no.3, S.724-738

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Abstract

The changes in KO systems induced by sociocultural influences may include those in both classificatory principles and cultural features. The proposed study will examine the Korean Decimal Classification (KDC)'s adaptation of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) by comparing the two systems. This case manifests the sociocultural influences on KOSs in a cross-cultural context. Therefore, the study aims at an in-depth investigation of sociocultural influences by situating a KOS in a cross-cultural environment and examining the dynamics between two classification systems designed to organize information resources in two distinct sociocultural contexts. As a preceding stage of the comparison, the analysis was conducted on the changes that result from the meeting of different sociocultural feature in a descriptive method. The analysis aims to identify variations between the two schemes in comparison of the knowledge structures of the two classifications, in terms of the quantity of class numbers that represent concepts and their relationships in each of the individual main classes. The most effective analytic strategy to show the patterns of the comparison was visualizations of similarities and differences between the two systems. Increasing or decreasing tendencies in the class through various editions were analyzed. Comparing the compositions of the main classes and distributions of concepts in the KDC and DDC discloses the differences in their knowledge structures empirically. This phase of quantitative analysis and visualizing techniques generates empirical evidence leading to interpretation.