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Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019)
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- Content
- Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.
-
Weller, K.: Knowledge representation in the Social Semantic Web (2010)
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- Abstract
- The main purpose of this book is to sum up the vital and highly topical research issue of knowledge representation on the Web and to discuss novel solutions by combining benefits of folksonomies and Web 2.0 approaches with ontologies and semantic technologies. This book contains an overview of knowledge representation approaches in past, present and future, introduction to ontologies, Web indexing and in first case the novel approaches of developing ontologies. This title combines aspects of knowledge representation for both the Semantic Web (ontologies) and the Web 2.0 (folksonomies). Currently there is no monographic book which provides a combined overview over these topics. focus on the topic of using knowledge representation methods for document indexing purposes. For this purpose, considerations from classical librarian interests in knowledge representation (thesauri, classification schemes etc.) are included, which are not part of most other books which have a stronger background in computer science.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: iwp 62(2011) H.4, S.205-206 (C. Carstens): "Welche Arten der Wissensrepräsentation existieren im Web, wie ausgeprägt sind semantische Strukturen in diesem Kontext, und wie können soziale Aktivitäten im Sinne des Web 2.0 zur Strukturierung von Wissen im Web beitragen? Diesen Fragen widmet sich Wellers Buch mit dem Titel Knowledge Representation in the Social Semantic Web. Der Begriff Social Semantic Web spielt einerseits auf die semantische Strukturierung von Daten im Sinne des Semantic Web an und deutet andererseits auf die zunehmend kollaborative Inhaltserstellung im Social Web hin. Weller greift die Entwicklungen in diesen beiden Bereichen auf und beleuchtet die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen, die aus der Kombination der Aktivitäten im Semantic Web und im Social Web entstehen. Der Fokus des Buches liegt dabei primär auf den konzeptuellen Herausforderungen, die sich in diesem Kontext ergeben. So strebt die originäre Vision des Semantic Web die Annotation aller Webinhalte mit ausdrucksstarken, hochformalisierten Ontologien an. Im Social Web hingegen werden große Mengen an Daten von Nutzern erstellt, die häufig mithilfe von unkontrollierten Tags in Folksonomies annotiert werden. Weller sieht in derartigen kollaborativ erstellten Inhalten und Annotationen großes Potenzial für die semantische Indexierung, eine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Retrieval im Web. Das Hauptinteresse des Buches besteht daher darin, eine Brücke zwischen den Wissensrepräsentations-Methoden im Social Web und im Semantic Web zu schlagen. Um dieser Fragestellung nachzugehen, gliedert sich das Buch in drei Teile. . . .
Insgesamt besticht das Buch insbesondere durch seine breite Sichtweise, die Aktualität und die Fülle an Referenzen. Es ist somit sowohl als Überblickswerk geeignet, das umfassend über aktuelle Entwicklungen und Trends der Wissensrepräsentation im Semantic und Social Web informiert, als auch als Lektüre für Experten, für die es vor allem als kontextualisierte und sehr aktuelle Sammlung von Referenzen eine wertvolle Ressource darstellt." Weitere Rez. in: Journal of Documentation. 67(2011), no.5, S.896-899 (P. Rafferty)
- LCSH
- Semantic Web
- Object
- Web 2.0
- RSWK
- Semantic Web
Social Tagging
World Wide Web 2.0
- Subject
- Semantic Web
Social Tagging
World Wide Web 2.0
Semantic Web
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016)
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- Content
- Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.
-
¬The Semantic Web - ISWC 2010 : 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, Shanghai, China, November 7-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part 2. (2010)
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- Abstract
- The two-volume set LNCS 6496 and 6497 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, held in Shanghai, China, during November 7-11, 2010. Part I contains 51 papers out of 578 submissions to the research track. Part II contains 18 papers out of 66 submissions to the semantic Web in-use track, 6 papers out of 26 submissions to the doctoral consortium track, and also 4 invited talks. Each submitted paper were carefully reviewed. The International Semantic Web Conferences (ISWC) constitute the major international venue where the latest research results and technical innovations on all aspects of the Semantic Web are presented. ISWC brings together researchers, practitioners, and users from the areas of artificial intelligence, databases, social networks, distributed computing, Web engineering, information systems, natural language processing, soft computing, and human computer interaction to discuss the major challenges and proposed solutions, the success stories and failures, as well the visions that can advance research and drive innovation in the Semantic Web.
- RSWK
- Semantic Web / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Datenverwaltung / Wissensmanagement / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Anwendungssystem / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / World Wide Web 2.0 / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
- Subject
- Semantic Web / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Datenverwaltung / Wissensmanagement / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Anwendungssystem / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / World Wide Web 2.0 / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
¬The Semantic Web - ISWC 2010 : 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, Shanghai, China, November 7-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers, Part I. (2010)
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- Abstract
- The two-volume set LNCS 6496 and 6497 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2010, held in Shanghai, China, during November 7-11, 2010. Part I contains 51 papers out of 578 submissions to the research track. Part II contains 18 papers out of 66 submissions to the semantic Web in-use track, 6 papers out of 26 submissions to the doctoral consortium track, and also 4 invited talks. Each submitted paper were carefully reviewed. The International Semantic Web Conferences (ISWC) constitute the major international venue where the latest research results and technical innovations on all aspects of the Semantic Web are presented. ISWC brings together researchers, practitioners, and users from the areas of artificial intelligence, databases, social networks, distributed computing, Web engineering, information systems, natural language processing, soft computing, and human computer interaction to discuss the major challenges and proposed solutions, the success stories and failures, as well the visions that can advance research and drive innovation in the Semantic Web.
- RSWK
- Semantic Web / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Datenverwaltung / Wissensmanagement / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Anwendungssystem / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / World Wide Web 2.0 / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
- Subject
- Semantic Web / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Datenverwaltung / Wissensmanagement / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / Anwendungssystem / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
Semantic Web / World Wide Web 2.0 / Kongress / Schanghai <2010>
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Gödert, W.; Hubrich, J.; Nagelschmidt, M.: Semantic knowledge representation for information retrieval (2014)
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- Abstract
- This book covers the basics of semantic web technologies and indexing languages, and describes their contribution to improve languages as a tool for subject queries and knowledge exploration. The book is relevant to information scientists, knowledge workers and indexers. It provides a suitable combination of theoretical foundations and practical applications.
- Date
- 23. 7.2017 13:49:22
- LCSH
- Semantic Web
World Wide Web / Subject access
- RSWK
- Semantic Web
- Subject
- Semantic Web
World Wide Web / Subject access
Semantic Web
-
Mahesh, K.: Highly expressive tagging for knowledge organization in the 21st century (2014)
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- Abstract
- Knowledge organization of large-scale content on the Web requires substantial amounts of semantic metadata that is expensive to generate manually. Recent developments in Web technologies have enabled any user to tag documents and other forms of content thereby generating metadata that could help organize knowledge. However, merely adding one or more tags to a document is highly inadequate to capture the aboutness of the document and thereby to support powerful semantic functions such as automatic classification, question answering or true semantic search and retrieval. This is true even when the tags used are labels from a well-designed classification system such as a thesaurus or taxonomy. There is a strong need to develop a semantic tagging mechanism with sufficient expressive power to capture the aboutness of each part of a document or dataset or multimedia content in order to enable applications that can benefit from knowledge organization on the Web. This article proposes a highly expressive mechanism of using ontology snippets as semantic tags that map portions of a document or a part of a dataset or a segment of a multimedia content to concepts and relations in an ontology of the domain(s) of interest.
- Source
- Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
-
Weller, K.: Anforderungen an die Wissensrepräsentation im Social Semantic Web (2010)
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- Abstract
- Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die aktuelle Verschmelzung von Web 2.0-und Semantic Web-Ansätzen, die als Social Semantic Web beschrieben werden kann. Die Grundidee des Social Semantic Web wird beschrieben und einzelne erste Anwendungsbeispiele vorgestellt. Ein wesentlicher Schwerpunkt dieser Entwicklung besteht in der Umsetzung neuer Methoden und Herangehensweisen im Bereich der Wissensrepräsentation. Dieser Artikel stellt vier Schwerpunkte vor, in denen sich die Wissensrepräsentationsmethoden im Social Semantic Web weiterentwickeln müssen und geht dabei jeweils auf den aktuellen Stand ein.
- Object
- Web 2.0
- Source
- Semantic web & linked data: Elemente zukünftiger Informationsinfrastrukturen ; 1. DGI-Konferenz ; 62. Jahrestagung der DGI ; Frankfurt am Main, 7. - 9. Oktober 2010 ; Proceedings / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis. Hrsg.: M. Ockenfeld
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M.; Bar-Ilan, J.: Towards maximal unification of semantically diverse ontologies for controversial domains (2014)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - Ontologies are prone to wide semantic variability due to subjective points of view of their composers. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach for maximal unification of diverse ontologies for controversial domains by their relations. Design/methodology/approach - Effective matching or unification of multiple ontologies for a specific domain is crucial for the success of many semantic web applications, such as semantic information retrieval and organization, document tagging, summarization and search. To this end, numerous automatic and semi-automatic techniques were proposed in the past decade that attempt to identify similar entities, mostly classes, in diverse ontologies for similar domains. Apparently, matching individual entities cannot result in full integration of ontologies' semantics without matching their inter-relations with all other-related classes (and instances). However, semantic matching of ontological relations still constitutes a major research challenge. Therefore, in this paper the authors propose a new paradigm for assessment of maximal possible matching and unification of ontological relations. To this end, several unification rules for ontological relations were devised based on ontological reference rules, and lexical and textual entailment. These rules were semi-automatically implemented to extend a given ontology with semantically matching relations from another ontology for a similar domain. Then, the ontologies were unified through these similar pairs of relations. The authors observe that these rules can be also facilitated to reveal the contradictory relations in different ontologies. Findings - To assess the feasibility of the approach two experiments were conducted with different sets of multiple personal ontologies on controversial domains constructed by trained subjects. The results for about 50 distinct ontology pairs demonstrate a good potential of the methodology for increasing inter-ontology agreement. Furthermore, the authors show that the presented methodology can lead to a complete unification of multiple semantically heterogeneous ontologies. Research limitations/implications - This is a conceptual study that presents a new approach for semantic unification of ontologies by a devised set of rules along with the initial experimental evidence of its feasibility and effectiveness. However, this methodology has to be fully automatically implemented and tested on a larger dataset in future research. Practical implications - This result has implication for semantic search, since a richer ontology, comprised of multiple aspects and viewpoints of the domain of knowledge, enhances discoverability and improves search results. Originality/value - To the best of the knowledge, this is the first study to examine and assess the maximal level of semantic relation-based ontology unification.
- Date
- 20. 1.2015 18:30:22
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Menzel, C.: Knowledge representation, the World Wide Web, and the evolution of logic (2011)
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- Abstract
- In this paper, I have traced a series of evolutionary adaptations of FOL motivated entirely by its use by knowledge engineers to represent and share information on the Web culminating in the development of Common Logic. While the primary goal in this paper has been to document this evolution, it is arguable, I think that CL's syntactic and semantic egalitarianism better realizes the goal "topic neutrality" that a logic should ideally exemplify - understood, at least in part, as the idea that logic should as far as possible not itself embody any metaphysical presuppositions. Instead of retaining the traditional metaphysical divisions of FOL that reflect its Fregean origins, CL begins as it were with a single, metaphysically homogeneous domain in which, potentially, anything can play the traditional roles of object, property, relation, and function. Note that the effect of this is not to destroy traditional metaphysical divisions. Rather, it simply to refrain from building those divisions explicitly into one's logic; instead, such divisions are left to the user to introduce and enforce axiomatically in an explicit metaphysical theory.
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Reasoning Web : Semantic Interoperability on the Web, 13th International Summer School 2017, London, UK, July 7-11, 2017, Tutorial Lectures (2017)
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- Abstract
- This volume contains the lecture notes of the 13th Reasoning Web Summer School, RW 2017, held in London, UK, in July 2017. In 2017, the theme of the school was "Semantic Interoperability on the Web", which encompasses subjects such as data integration, open data management, reasoning over linked data, database to ontology mapping, query answering over ontologies, hybrid reasoning with rules and ontologies, and ontology-based dynamic systems. The papers of this volume focus on these topics and also address foundational reasoning techniques used in answer set programming and ontologies.
- Content
- Neumaier, Sebastian (et al.): Data Integration for Open Data on the Web - Stamou, Giorgos (et al.): Ontological Query Answering over Semantic Data - Calì, Andrea: Ontology Querying: Datalog Strikes Back - Sequeda, Juan F.: Integrating Relational Databases with the Semantic Web: A Reflection - Rousset, Marie-Christine (et al.): Datalog Revisited for Reasoning in Linked Data - Kaminski, Roland (et al.): A Tutorial on Hybrid Answer Set Solving with clingo - Eiter, Thomas (et al.): Answer Set Programming with External Source Access - Lukasiewicz, Thomas: Uncertainty Reasoning for the Semantic Web - Calvanese, Diego (et al.): OBDA for Log Extraction in Process Mining
- RSWK
- Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Semantic Web
- Series
- Lecture Notes in Computer Scienc;10370 )(Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI
- Subject
- Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Semantic Web
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Hannech, A.: Système de recherche d'information étendue basé sur une projection multi-espaces (2018)
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- Abstract
- Depuis son apparition au début des années 90, le World Wide Web (WWW ou Web) a offert un accès universel aux connaissances et le monde de l'information a été principalement témoin d'une grande révolution (la révolution numérique). Il est devenu rapidement très populaire, ce qui a fait de lui la plus grande et vaste base de données et de connaissances existantes grâce à la quantité et la diversité des données qu'il contient. Cependant, l'augmentation et l'évolution considérables de ces données soulèvent d'importants problèmes pour les utilisateurs notamment pour l'accès aux documents les plus pertinents à leurs requêtes de recherche. Afin de faire face à cette explosion exponentielle du volume de données et faciliter leur accès par les utilisateurs, différents modèles sont proposés par les systèmes de recherche d'information (SRIs) pour la représentation et la recherche des documents web. Les SRIs traditionnels utilisent, pour indexer et récupérer ces documents, des mots-clés simples qui ne sont pas sémantiquement liés. Cela engendre des limites en termes de la pertinence et de la facilité d'exploration des résultats. Pour surmonter ces limites, les techniques existantes enrichissent les documents en intégrant des mots-clés externes provenant de différentes sources. Cependant, ces systèmes souffrent encore de limitations qui sont liées aux techniques d'exploitation de ces sources d'enrichissement. Lorsque les différentes sources sont utilisées de telle sorte qu'elles ne peuvent être distinguées par le système, cela limite la flexibilité des modèles d'exploration qui peuvent être appliqués aux résultats de recherche retournés par ce système. Les utilisateurs se sentent alors perdus devant ces résultats, et se retrouvent dans l'obligation de les filtrer manuellement pour sélectionner l'information pertinente. S'ils veulent aller plus loin, ils doivent reformuler et cibler encore plus leurs requêtes de recherche jusqu'à parvenir aux documents qui répondent le mieux à leurs attentes. De cette façon, même si les systèmes parviennent à retrouver davantage des résultats pertinents, leur présentation reste problématique. Afin de cibler la recherche à des besoins d'information plus spécifiques de l'utilisateur et améliorer la pertinence et l'exploration de ses résultats de recherche, les SRIs avancés adoptent différentes techniques de personnalisation de données qui supposent que la recherche actuelle d'un utilisateur est directement liée à son profil et/ou à ses expériences de navigation/recherche antérieures. Cependant, cette hypothèse ne tient pas dans tous les cas, les besoins de l'utilisateur évoluent au fil du temps et peuvent s'éloigner de ses intérêts antérieurs stockés dans son profil.
Dans d'autres cas, le profil de l'utilisateur peut être mal exploité pour extraire ou inférer ses nouveaux besoins en information. Ce problème est beaucoup plus accentué avec les requêtes ambigües. Lorsque plusieurs centres d'intérêt auxquels est liée une requête ambiguë sont identifiés dans le profil de l'utilisateur, le système se voit incapable de sélectionner les données pertinentes depuis ce profil pour répondre à la requête. Ceci a un impact direct sur la qualité des résultats fournis à cet utilisateur. Afin de remédier à quelques-unes de ces limitations, nous nous sommes intéressés dans ce cadre de cette thèse de recherche au développement de techniques destinées principalement à l'amélioration de la pertinence des résultats des SRIs actuels et à faciliter l'exploration de grandes collections de documents. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une solution basée sur un nouveau concept d'indexation et de recherche d'information appelé la projection multi-espaces. Cette proposition repose sur l'exploitation de différentes catégories d'information sémantiques et sociales qui permettent d'enrichir l'univers de représentation des documents et des requêtes de recherche en plusieurs dimensions d'interprétations. L'originalité de cette représentation est de pouvoir distinguer entre les différentes interprétations utilisées pour la description et la recherche des documents. Ceci donne une meilleure visibilité sur les résultats retournés et aide à apporter une meilleure flexibilité de recherche et d'exploration, en donnant à l'utilisateur la possibilité de naviguer une ou plusieurs vues de données qui l'intéressent le plus. En outre, les univers multidimensionnels de représentation proposés pour la description des documents et l'interprétation des requêtes de recherche aident à améliorer la pertinence des résultats de l'utilisateur en offrant une diversité de recherche/exploration qui aide à répondre à ses différents besoins et à ceux des autres différents utilisateurs. Cette étude exploite différents aspects liés à la recherche personnalisée et vise à résoudre les problèmes engendrés par l'évolution des besoins en information de l'utilisateur. Ainsi, lorsque le profil de cet utilisateur est utilisé par notre système, une technique est proposée et employée pour identifier les intérêts les plus représentatifs de ses besoins actuels dans son profil. Cette technique se base sur la combinaison de trois facteurs influents, notamment le facteur contextuel, fréquentiel et temporel des données. La capacité des utilisateurs à interagir, à échanger des idées et d'opinions, et à former des réseaux sociaux sur le Web, a amené les systèmes à s'intéresser aux types d'interactions de ces utilisateurs, au niveau d'interaction entre eux ainsi qu'à leurs rôles sociaux dans le système. Ces informations sociales sont abordées et intégrées dans ce travail de recherche. L'impact et la manière de leur intégration dans le processus de RI sont étudiés pour améliorer la pertinence des résultats.
Since its appearance in the early 90's, the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) has provided universal access to knowledge and the world of information has been primarily witness to a great revolution (the digital revolution). It quickly became very popular, making it the largest and most comprehensive database and knowledge base thanks to the amount and diversity of data it contains. However, the considerable increase and evolution of these data raises important problems for users, in particular for accessing the documents most relevant to their search queries. In order to cope with this exponential explosion of data volume and facilitate their access by users, various models are offered by information retrieval systems (IRS) for the representation and retrieval of web documents. Traditional SRIs use simple keywords that are not semantically linked to index and retrieve these documents. This creates limitations in terms of the relevance and ease of exploration of results. To overcome these limitations, existing techniques enrich documents by integrating external keywords from different sources. However, these systems still suffer from limitations that are related to the exploitation techniques of these sources of enrichment. When the different sources are used so that they cannot be distinguished by the system, this limits the flexibility of the exploration models that can be applied to the results returned by this system. Users then feel lost to these results, and find themselves forced to filter them manually to select the relevant information. If they want to go further, they must reformulate and target their search queries even more until they reach the documents that best meet their expectations. In this way, even if the systems manage to find more relevant results, their presentation remains problematic. In order to target research to more user-specific information needs and improve the relevance and exploration of its research findings, advanced SRIs adopt different data personalization techniques that assume that current research of user is directly related to his profile and / or previous browsing / search experiences.
However, this assumption does not hold in all cases, the needs of the user evolve over time and can move away from his previous interests stored in his profile. In other cases, the user's profile may be misused to extract or infer new information needs. This problem is much more accentuated with ambiguous queries. When multiple POIs linked to a search query are identified in the user's profile, the system is unable to select the relevant data from that profile to respond to that request. This has a direct impact on the quality of the results provided to this user. In order to overcome some of these limitations, in this research thesis, we have been interested in the development of techniques aimed mainly at improving the relevance of the results of current SRIs and facilitating the exploration of major collections of documents. To do this, we propose a solution based on a new concept and model of indexing and information retrieval called multi-spaces projection. This proposal is based on the exploitation of different categories of semantic and social information that enrich the universe of document representation and search queries in several dimensions of interpretations. The originality of this representation is to be able to distinguish between the different interpretations used for the description and the search for documents. This gives a better visibility on the results returned and helps to provide a greater flexibility of search and exploration, giving the user the ability to navigate one or more views of data that interest him the most. In addition, the proposed multidimensional representation universes for document description and search query interpretation help to improve the relevance of the user's results by providing a diversity of research / exploration that helps meet his diverse needs and those of other different users. This study exploits different aspects that are related to the personalized search and aims to solve the problems caused by the evolution of the information needs of the user. Thus, when the profile of this user is used by our system, a technique is proposed and used to identify the interests most representative of his current needs in his profile. This technique is based on the combination of three influential factors, including the contextual, frequency and temporal factor of the data. The ability of users to interact, exchange ideas and opinions, and form social networks on the Web, has led systems to focus on the types of interactions these users have at the level of interaction between them as well as their social roles in the system. This social information is discussed and integrated into this research work. The impact and how they are integrated into the IR process are studied to improve the relevance of the results.
-
Atanassova, I.; Bertin, M.: Semantic facets for scientific information retrieval (2014)
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- Abstract
- We present an Information Retrieval System for scientific publications that provides the possibility to filter results according to semantic facets. We use sentence-level semantic annotations that identify specific semantic relations in texts, such as methods, definitions, hypotheses, that correspond to common information needs related to scientific literature. The semantic annotations are obtained using a rule-based method that identifies linguistic clues organized into a linguistic ontology. The system is implemented using Solr Search Server and offers efficient search and navigation in scientific papers.
- Source
- Semantic Web Evaluation Challenge. SemWebEval 2014 at ESWC 2014, Anissaras, Crete, Greece, May 25-29, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Eds.: V. Presutti et al
-
Fernández, M.; Cantador, I.; López, V.; Vallet, D.; Castells, P.; Motta, E.: Semantically enhanced Information Retrieval : an ontology-based approach (2011)
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- Abstract
- Currently, techniques for content description and query processing in Information Retrieval (IR) are based on keywords, and therefore provide limited capabilities to capture the conceptualizations associated with user needs and contents. Aiming to solve the limitations of keyword-based models, the idea of conceptual search, understood as searching by meanings rather than literal strings, has been the focus of a wide body of research in the IR field. More recently, it has been used as a prototypical scenario (or even envisioned as a potential "killer app") in the Semantic Web (SW) vision, since its emergence in the late nineties. However, current approaches to semantic search developed in the SW area have not yet taken full advantage of the acquired knowledge, accumulated experience, and technological sophistication achieved through several decades of work in the IR field. Starting from this position, this work investigates the definition of an ontology-based IR model, oriented to the exploitation of domain Knowledge Bases to support semantic search capabilities in large document repositories, stressing on the one hand the use of fully fledged ontologies in the semantic-based perspective, and on the other hand the consideration of unstructured content as the target search space. The major contribution of this work is an innovative, comprehensive semantic search model, which extends the classic IR model, addresses the challenges of the massive and heterogeneous Web environment, and integrates the benefits of both keyword and semantic-based search. Additional contributions include: an innovative rank fusion technique that minimizes the undesired effects of knowledge sparseness on the yet juvenile SW, and the creation of a large-scale evaluation benchmark, based on TREC IR evaluation standards, which allows a rigorous comparison between IR and SW approaches. Conducted experiments show that our semantic search model obtained comparable and better performance results (in terms of MAP and P@10 values) than the best TREC automatic system.
- Source
- Web semantics: science, services and agents on the World Wide Web. 9(2011) no.4, S.434-452
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Wright, H.: Semantic Web and ontologies (2018)
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- Abstract
- The Semantic Web and ontologies can help archaeologists combine and share data, making it more open and useful. Archaeologists create diverse types of data, using a wide variety of technologies and methodologies. Like all research domains, these data are increasingly digital. The creation of data that are now openly and persistently available from disparate sources has also inspired efforts to bring archaeological resources together and make them more interoperable. This allows functionality such as federated cross-search across different datasets, and the mapping of heterogeneous data to authoritative structures to build a single data source. Ontologies provide the structure and relationships for Semantic Web data, and have been developed for use in cultural heritage applications generally, and archaeology specifically. A variety of online resources for archaeology now incorporate Semantic Web principles and technologies.
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Hitzler, P.; Janowicz, K.: Ontologies in a data driven world : finding the middle ground (2013)
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- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Saruladha, K.; Aghila, G.; Penchala, S.K.: Design of new indexing techniques based on ontology for information retrieval systems (2010)
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- Abstract
- Information Retrieval [IR] is the science of searching for documents, for information within documents, and for metadata about documents, as well as that of searching relational databases and the World Wide Web. This paper describes a document representation method instead of keywords ontological descriptors. The purpose of this paper is to propose a system for content-based querying of texts based on the availability of ontology for the concepts in the text domain and to develop new Indexing methods to improve RSV (Retrieval status value). There is a need for querying ontologies at various granularities to retrieve information from various sources to suit the requirements of Semantic web, to eradicate the mismatch between user request and response from the Information Retrieval system. Most of the search engines use indexes that are built at the syntactical level and return hits based on simple string comparisons. The indexes do not contain synonyms, cannot differentiate between homonyms and users receive different search results when they use different conjugation forms of the same word.
-
Smith, D.A.; Shadbolt, N.R.: FacetOntology : expressive descriptions of facets in the Semantic Web (2012)
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- Abstract
- The formal structure of the information on the Semantic Web lends itself to faceted browsing, an information retrieval method where users can filter results based on the values of properties ("facets"). Numerous faceted browsers have been created to browse RDF and Linked Data, but these systems use their own ontologies for defining how data is queried to populate their facets. Since the source data is the same format across these systems (specifically, RDF), we can unify the different methods of describing how to quer the underlying data, to enable compatibility across systems, and provide an extensible base ontology for future systems. To this end, we present FacetOntology, an ontology that defines how to query data to form a faceted browser, and a number of transformations and filters that can be applied to data before it is shown to users. FacetOntology overcomes limitations in the expressivity of existing work, by enabling the full expressivity of SPARQL when selecting data for facets. By applying a FacetOntology definition to data, a set of facets are specified, each with queries and filters to source RDF data, which enables faceted browsing systems to be created using that RDF data.
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Hollink, L.; Assem, M. van: Estimating the relevance of search results in the Culture-Web : a study of semantic distance measures (2010)
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- Abstract
- More and more cultural heritage institutions publish their collections, vocabularies and metadata on the Web. The resulting Web of linked cultural data opens up exciting new possibilities for searching and browsing through these cultural heritage collections. We report on ongoing work in which we investigate the estimation of relevance in this Web of Culture. We study existing measures of semantic distance and how they apply to two use cases. The use cases relate to the structured, multilingual and multimodal nature of the Culture Web. We distinguish between measures using the Web, such as Google distance and PMI, and measures using the Linked Data Web, i.e. the semantic structure of metadata vocabularies. We perform a small study in which we compare these semantic distance measures to human judgements of relevance. Although it is too early to draw any definitive conclusions, the study provides new insights into the applicability of semantic distance measures to the Web of Culture, and clear starting points for further research.
- Date
- 26.12.2011 13:40:22
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Pfeiffer, S.: Entwicklung einer Ontologie für die wissensbasierte Erschließung des ISDC-Repository und die Visualisierung kontextrelevanter semantischer Zusammenhänge (2010)
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- Abstract
- In der heutigen Zeit sind Informationen jeglicher Art über das World Wide Web (WWW) für eine breite Bevölkerungsschicht zugänglich. Dabei ist es jedoch schwierig die existierenden Dokumente auch so aufzubereiten, dass die Inhalte für Maschinen inhaltlich interpretierbar sind. Das Semantic Web, eine Weiterentwicklung des WWWs, möchte dies ändern, indem es Webinhalte in maschinenverständlichen Formaten anbietet. Dadurch können Automatisierungsprozesse für die Suchanfragenoptimierung und für die Wissensbasenvernetzung eingesetzt werden. Die Web Ontology Language (OWL) ist eine mögliche Sprache, in der Wissen beschrieben und gespeichert werden kann (siehe Kapitel 4 OWL). Das Softwareprodukt Protégé unterstützt den Standard OWL, weshalb ein Großteil der Modellierungsarbeiten in Protégé durchgeführt wurde. Momentan erhält der Nutzer in den meisten Fällen bei der Informationsfindung im Internet lediglich Unterstützung durch eine von Suchmaschinenbetreibern vorgenommene Verschlagwortung des Dokumentinhaltes, d.h. Dokumente können nur nach einem bestimmten Wort oder einer bestimmten Wortgruppe durchsucht werden. Die Ausgabeliste der Suchergebnisse muss dann durch den Nutzer selbst gesichtet und nach Relevanz geordnet werden. Das kann ein sehr zeit- und arbeitsintensiver Prozess sein. Genau hier kann das Semantic Web einen erheblichen Beitrag in der Informationsaufbereitung für den Nutzer leisten, da die Ausgabe der Suchergebnisse bereits einer semantischen Überprüfung und Verknüpfung unterliegt. Deshalb fallen hier nicht relevante Informationsquellen von vornherein bei der Ausgabe heraus, was das Finden von gesuchten Dokumenten und Informationen in einem bestimmten Wissensbereich beschleunigt.
Um die Vernetzung von Daten, Informationen und Wissen imWWWzu verbessern, werden verschiedene Ansätze verfolgt. Neben dem Semantic Web mit seinen verschiedenen Ausprägungen gibt es auch andere Ideen und Konzepte, welche die Verknüpfung von Wissen unterstützen. Foren, soziale Netzwerke und Wikis sind eine Möglichkeit des Wissensaustausches. In Wikis wird Wissen in Form von Artikeln gebündelt, um es so einer breiten Masse zur Verfügung zu stellen. Hier angebotene Informationen sollten jedoch kritisch hinterfragt werden, da die Autoren der Artikel in den meisten Fällen keine Verantwortung für die dort veröffentlichten Inhalte übernehmen müssen. Ein anderer Weg Wissen zu vernetzen bietet das Web of Linked Data. Hierbei werden strukturierte Daten des WWWs durch Verweise auf andere Datenquellen miteinander verbunden. Der Nutzer wird so im Zuge der Suche auf themenverwandte und verlinkte Datenquellen verwiesen. Die geowissenschaftlichen Metadaten mit ihren Inhalten und Beziehungen untereinander, die beim GFZ unter anderem im Information System and Data Center (ISDC) gespeichert sind, sollen als Ontologie in dieser Arbeit mit den Sprachkonstrukten von OWL modelliert werden. Diese Ontologie soll die Repräsentation und Suche von ISDC-spezifischem Domänenwissen durch die semantische Vernetzung persistenter ISDC-Metadaten entscheidend verbessern. Die in dieser Arbeit aufgezeigten Modellierungsmöglichkeiten, zunächst mit der Extensible Markup Language (XML) und später mit OWL, bilden die existierenden Metadatenbestände auf einer semantischen Ebene ab (siehe Abbildung 2). Durch die definierte Nutzung der Semantik, die in OWL vorhanden ist, kann mittels Maschinen ein Mehrwert aus den Metadaten gewonnen und dem Nutzer zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Geowissenschaftliche Informationen, Daten und Wissen können in semantische Zusammenhänge gebracht und verständlich repräsentiert werden. Unterstützende Informationen können ebenfalls problemlos in die Ontologie eingebunden werden. Dazu gehören z.B. Bilder zu den im ISDC gespeicherten Instrumenten, Plattformen oder Personen. Suchanfragen bezüglich geowissenschaftlicher Phänomene können auch ohne Expertenwissen über Zusammenhänge und Begriffe gestellt und beantwortet werden. Die Informationsrecherche und -aufbereitung gewinnt an Qualität und nutzt die existierenden Ressourcen im vollen Umfang.
