-
Borko, H.: Research in computer based classification systems (1985)
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- Abstract
- The selection in this reader by R. M. Needham and K. Sparck Jones reports an early approach to automatic classification that was taken in England. The following selection reviews various approaches that were being pursued in the United States at about the same time. It then discusses a particular approach initiated in the early 1960s by Harold Borko, at that time Head of the Language Processing and Retrieval Research Staff at the System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California and, since 1966, a member of the faculty at the Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of California, Los Angeles. As was described earlier, there are two steps in automatic classification, the first being to identify pairs of terms that are similar by virtue of co-occurring as index terms in the same documents, and the second being to form equivalence classes of intersubstitutable terms. To compute similarities, Borko and his associates used a standard correlation formula; to derive classification categories, where Needham and Sparck Jones used clumping, the Borko team used the statistical technique of factor analysis. The fact that documents can be classified automatically, and in any number of ways, is worthy of passing notice. Worthy of serious attention would be a demonstra tion that a computer-based classification system was effective in the organization and retrieval of documents. One reason for the inclusion of the following selection in the reader is that it addresses the question of evaluation. To evaluate the effectiveness of their automatically derived classification, Borko and his team asked three questions. The first was Is the classification reliable? in other words, could the categories derived from one sample of texts be used to classify other texts? Reliability was assessed by a case-study comparison of the classes derived from three different samples of abstracts. The notso-surprising conclusion reached was that automatically derived classes were reliable only to the extent that the sample from which they were derived was representative of the total document collection. The second evaluation question asked whether the classification was reasonable, in the sense of adequately describing the content of the document collection. The answer was sought by comparing the automatically derived categories with categories in a related classification system that was manually constructed. Here the conclusion was that the automatic method yielded categories that fairly accurately reflected the major area of interest in the sample collection of texts; however, since there were only eleven such categories and they were quite broad, they could not be regarded as suitable for use in a university or any large general library. The third evaluation question asked whether automatic classification was accurate, in the sense of producing results similar to those obtainabie by human cIassifiers. When using human classification as a criterion, automatic classification was found to be 50 percent accurate.
- Imprint
- Littleton, CO : Libraries Unlimited
-
Norden, D.J.; Lawrence, G.H.: Public terminal use in an online catalog : some preliminary results (1981)
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- Abstract
- The authors have studied the transaction counts from two and one-half years activity at the public use terminals of the Ohio State University Libraries' prototype online card catalog to determine what search options academic library patrons use the most often and whether this pattern varies from that reported in major catalog use studies. The preliminary findings indicate significant differences in search strategy that may result from a unique user group that prefers to search the online catalog, more useful searches in the online system, or special search patterns imposed by the computer hardware itself. Both the different searches used by patrons and why they choose them should be important factors in the design of future online catalogs
- Source
- College and research libraries. 42(1981), S.308-316
-
Opitz, A.: 'Allegro'-Anwendertreffen in der Herzog-August-Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel (1989)
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- Abstract
- Describes the result of seminars on the software package, Allegro, on 27-28 Oct and 3-4 Nov 88, organised by Brunswick Technical University Library and the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel, in order to provide an opportunity for exchanging experiences on different Allegro applications, as well as information on current developments of Allegro and its prospects. Examines a series of case histories, including the use of Allegro in small libraries for cataloguing and the production of card catalogues, the creation of lists of new titles and subject catalogues for circulation, the cataloguing of periodicals with data in MARC format on CD-ROM, the use of Allegro in both MS-DOS and UNIX environment, and improvements in response times, as well as the introduction of window technology.
-
Studwell, W.E.: Library of Congress Subject Heading period subdivisions for Southeast Asia : some proposed additions (1982)
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- Abstract
- Southeast Asia is an important and populous region with an extensive literature. Many libraries in the United States and Canada have large or moderate collections of Southeast Asia materials. Yet the Library of Congress has not provided sufficient subject heading period subdivisions for the area. Additional subdivisons are proposed in detail for: Asia, Southeastern; Indonesia; Malaysia; Singapore; Philippines; Thailand; Indochina; Vietnam; Cambodia; Laos; and Burma. The historical and/or logical justification for the proposed additions follow each area. The function of the essay is not to present absolute answer, but to promote awareness of the problem and to suggest reasonable alternatives.
-
Kaske, N.K.: ¬A comparative study of subject searching in an OPAC among branch libraries of a university library system (1988)
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- Abstract
- The degree of variability in the percentage of subject searching in an online public access catalog (OPAC) among branch libraries of one university was studied. A full semester's worth of transactions was analyzed, not sampled. The time units used were hour of the day, day of the week, and week of the semester. The findings show that subject searching varies from a low of 22% to a high of 74% over the hours of a day. Variability for the days of the week ranged from 17% to 64%, and for the weeks of the semester variability ranged from 12% to 70%. Valuable management information on the utilization of the OPAC within each brach library and among all the branch libraries is provided through numerous charts and graphs.
- Source
- Information technology and libraries. 7(1988), S.359-372
-
Schéma directeur de l'information bibliographique de la Culture : étape no.1 (1988)
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- Abstract
- Extracts from the official report of a study investigating the situation in French public libraries, The main reason for this evaluation is th proposed review of the role of the Bibliothèque Nationale, in relation to developing the role of France in the world information market. The results reported here cover the production and diffusion of bibliographic information. The overall picture is of a lack of coordination between products available and user needs, failure to establish standards for formats and for information technology equioment. The concluding recommendations emphaisis the need for coordinating initiatives by the various organisations involved in producing/diffusing bibliographic information, and establishing common standards to allow free exchange between bibliographic networks. Further studies are in hand to establish guidelines for future policies in more specialised library sectors.
-
Godfrey, J.: ¬A slide library as a teaching resource in art and design education : improving slide retrieval for users (1989)
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- Abstract
- Given the various uses that can be made of slides, the aim of the slide librarian must be to set up systems whereby it is possible to identify and locate as many potentially useful images as possible each time the collection is interrogated. Traces experiences with the collection of the South Glamorgan Institute of Higher Education from early manual devices to the investigation of work in the USA and the UK in the area of slide library automated information retrieval. Discusses participation in a forum on Automation and Slide Libraries and a decision to order LANSLIDE software.
-
Sanders, T.R.: Monographs of a regular frequency (1988)
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- Abstract
- In cataloging, it is necessary to determine whether the item is monographic or serial in nature. Library of Congress rule interpretations have progressively restricted the types of publication which can be cataloged as serial. These interpretations have been, essentially, new rules. These new LC rules depart from past practice, and are not always consistently applied. Restricting the types of publication considered serial may work against efficient acquisition of materials, and confuse patron access, especially on automated in-house systems. Decisions made by major cataloging agencies and distributed via (inter)national bibliographic utilities may be accepted too readily in other libraries. The whole area of what is or is not serial needs to be rethought.
-
Hustand, S.: Problems of duplicate records (1986)
0.02
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- Abstract
- Duplicate records is a familiar problem in bibliographic databases. The problem is obvious when a union catalogue is established by automatically merging two or more separate and independent source of catalogue information. However, even in systems with on-line cataloguing and access to previous records, duplication is a problem. Author / title search search prior to cataloguing does not cut duplication to zero. A great deal of effort has been put into developing methods of duplicate detection. A major problem in this work has been efficiency. Particularly in the on-line setting is this of importance. Most studies have dealt with book and article material. The Research Libraries Group Inc. has described matching algorithms also for films, maps, recordings, scores and serials. Various methods of detecting duplicates will be discussed.
-
Blazek, R.; Bilal, D.: Problems with OPAC : A case study of an academic research library (1988)
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-
Craven, T.C.: Changing technologies: impact on information: the case of string indexing (1985)
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-
Elsesser, L.: ¬A case of "cirosis" : the subject approach to health information (1984)
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-
Wellisch, H.H.: ¬The case of the missing subtitle (1981)
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-
Palais, E.S.: Abstracting for reference librarians (1988)
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- Abstract
- Reference librarians, who are thoroughly familiar with the purpose, scope and arrangement of abstract periodicals, are uniquely qualified for the task of writing abstracts. The procedures described here offer a relatively simple way for them to write acceptable abstracts from the outset. Although research is being conducted in the area of machine generated abstracts, there wll continue to be a role for human abstractors.
- Source
- Reference librarian. 1988, no.22, S.297-308
-
Studwell, W.E.; Hamilton, D.A.: Library of Congress Subject Heading period subdivisions for Eastern Europe excluding the Soviet Union : some proposed additions (1985)
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- Abstract
- Eastern Europe is a complex area for which there are not adequate Library of Congress subject heading period subdivisions. This article offers additional period subdivisions, with justifications, for all the countries and some regions of Eastern Europe, excluding the Soviet Union. Covered are: Europe, Eastern; Czechoslovakia (and three regions); Germany (East); Hungary; Poland; Galicia; Balkan Peninsula; Albania; Bulgaria; Romania; and Yugoslavia (and six regions).
- Date
- 7. 1.2007 13:22:20
-
Knauth, M.: Bibliographies made easy : a look at PRO-CITE (1989)
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- Source
- Computers in libraries. 9(1989) no.4, S.22-24
-
Bales, K.: ¬The USMARC formats and visual materials (1989)
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- Abstract
- Paper presented at a symposium on 'Implementing the Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT): Controlled Vocabulary in the Extended MARC format', held at the 1989 Annual Conference of the Art Libraries Society of North America. Describes how changes are effected in MARC and the role of the various groups in the library community that are involved in the implementing these changes. Discusses the expansion of the formats to accomodate cataloguing and retrieval for visual materials. Expanded capabilities for coding visual materials offer greater opportunity for user access.
- Date
- 4.12.1995 22:40:20
-
Mischo, W.H.; Lee, J.: End-user searching in bibliographic databases (1987)
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- Abstract
- The growing interest in end user or direct patron access to on-line bibliographic databases is reviewed with references to online catalogues, databases, and CD-ROMs. The literature of end user searching is surveyed with notes on: user training, software search aids, end user services in libraries: characterisation of end user searches; the role of librarians; and CD-ROMs as end user media
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.227-263
-
Hancox, P.; Smith, F.: ¬A case system processor for the PRECIS indexing language (1985)
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-
Robinson, J.: Education and training for computer based reference services : a case study (1980)
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