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Bearman, D.; Miller, E.; Rust, G.; Trant, J.; Weibel, S.: ¬A common model to support interoperable metadata : progress report on reconciling metadata requirements from the Dublin Core and INDECS/DOI communities (1999)
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- Source
- D-Lib magazine. 5(1999) no.1, xx S
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Kirriemuir, J.; Brickley, D.; Welsh, S.; Knight, J.; Hamilton, M.: Cross-searching subject gateways : the query routing and forward knowledge approach (1998)
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- Source
- D-Lib magazine. 4(1998) no.1, xx S
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Nicholas, D.: ¬An assessment of the online searching behaviour of practitioner end users (1996)
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- Abstract
- The study set out to determine: (1) what were the searching characteristics of end-users in a non-academic environment and explain this in the light of their information needs; (2) whether these characteristics were those that were ascribed to end users in the professional literature; (3) whether they differed materially from those of information professionals working in the same fields. Searching characteristics were interpreted in their widest sense to include: command utilisation/knowledge; search success a satisfaction; volume of searching; searching style / approach; duration of searches; file selection; willingness to delegate and levels of training. These issues were explored in relation to 2 practitioner groups - journalists from he Guardian newspaper, and politicians from The House of Commons. Comparative data were also sought from information professionals in these 2 organisations. A mixture of social and statistical methods was used to monitor end-user and professional searching, though transactional log analysis was strongly featured. Altogether the searching behaviour of 170 end users was evaluated in the light of the searching behaviour of 70 librarians. The principal findings were that: in some respects end users did conform to the picture that information professionals have of them: they did seartch with a limited range of commands; more of their searches produced no results, and search statements were simplly constructed. But in other respects they confounded their image - they could be very quick and economical searchers, and they did not display meters of print-out. However, there were variations between individual end users, and it was often possible to find an end-user group that matched an information professional group on one aspect of online searching or another. The online behaviour of end users was very much related to their general information seeking behaviour; and to the fact that they were not trained
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Quijano-Solis, A.: Bibliotecas y Tecnologias una Propuesta de Integracion (1999)
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- Source
- Journal of Internet cataloging. 2(1999) no.1, S.79-92
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Goodrum, A.; Spink, A.: Visual information seeking : a study of image queries on the world wide web (1999)
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- Abstract
- A growing body of research is beginning to explore the information-seeking behavior of Web users. The vast majority of these studies have concentrated on the area of textual information retrieval (IR). Little research has examined how people search for non-textual information on the Internet, and few large-scale studies have investigated visual information-seeking behavior with Web search engines. This study examined visual information needs as expressed in users' Web image queries. The data set examined consisted of 1,025,908 sequential queries from 211,058 users of EXCITE, a major Internet search service. Twenty-eight (28) terms were used to identify queries for both still and moving images, resulting in a subset of 33,149 image queries by 9,855 users. We provide data on: (1) image queries -- the number of queries and the number of search terms per user, (2) image search sessions -- the number of queries per user, modifications made to subsequent queries in a session, and (3) image terms -- their rank/frequency distribution and the most highly used search terms. On average, there were 3. 36 image queries per user containing an average of 3.74 terms per query. Image queries contained a large number of unique terms. The most frequently occurring image related terms appeared less than 10 percent of the time, with most terms occurring only once. This analysis is contrasted to earlier work by Enser (1995) who examined written queries for pictorial information in a non-digital environment. Implications for the development of models for visual information retrieval, and for the design of Web search engines are discussed
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Heidorn, P.B.: ¬The identification of index terms in natural language object descriptions (1999)
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- Abstract
- "The flowering part, it looks like someone is sticking their tongue out" (a subject's description of Arethusa bulbosa, see Figure 1). The mechanisms that people use in natural settings to describe objects to one another can be used to inform the design of image retrieval and museum systems. The image retrieval problem may be recast as an object description problem where the images are of objects. This study examines the vocabulary and communication constructs that are used by novices and domain experts to describe objects in an object identification task. These human-centered devices may prove to be more understandable and easier to use than some purely computational approaches. The experimental conditions mimic a scenario where a person queries an agent (active botanical information resource) in natural language in order to identify plant images. The analysis identified the objects of discourse (objects, parts and relations) including analogies, exemplars, prototypical shapes and shape modification predicates such as "longer," and "wider." In spoken language novices and horticulturists use descriptive mechanisms similar to that in botanical text but at different frequencies. For example, participants rely heavily on visual analogies to objects both within and outside of the domain. "This looks like a X" where X is a plant (i.e. "daisy") or a non-plant (i.e. "butterfly" or "child's drawing of the sun"). The results suggest that indexing and retrieval systems should provide semantic level similarity mechanisms to allow for whole-object as well as part-wise visual analogy. The systems should also provide a visual vocabulary, a set of images that represent prototypes of the verbal terms collected in this study
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Yancey, T.; Clarke, D.; Carson, J.: Lexicography without limits : a Web-based solution (1999)
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- Abstract
- Web-based technology enables virtual production environments to be created in which teams of both in-house staff and remotely-based contractors can work together on thesaurus construction and indexing projects. For the past four years Synapse, the Knowledge Link Corporation has been developing a sophisticated web-based thesaurus construction, indexing and knowledge management software application. The Gale Group has been licensing the application since 1997, providing a virtual production environment for large-scale thesaurus construction and reference-content indexing projects. Synapse Corporation and The Gale Group jointly present the session "Lexicography Without Limits - A Web-Based Solution" to illustrate how web-based technology provides new solutions for the tasks of vocabulary development and indexing. Vocabulary development and indexing projects frequently require project teams to be assembled using contract lexicographers, indexers and editors to supplement in-house resources. Synapse Corporation, a company specializing in providing lexicography and indexing services, has developed a software solution that enables information specialists, who may be based in different organizational entities and geographic locations, to have real-time editorial access to centralized databases. The Synaptica software application can be accessed from anywhere in the world using standard web browsers. Each client project is hosted at a unique, secured web site and users are granted password-protected access. Synaptica supports the construction of ANSI/NISO Z39.19 [1] compliant electronic thesauri, and also has many additional components that integrate related tasks such as authority control and indexing. The presentation will examine The Gale Group as a case study and will discuss the practical issues of managing remote teams of lexicographers and indexers as well as illustrating the software functionality
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Reneker, M.; Jacobson, A.; Wargo, L.; Spink, A.: Information environment of a military university campus : an exploratory study (1999)
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- Abstract
- The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is a military university educating officers from the United States and 40 foreign countries. To investigate the NPS information environment a large study obtained data on the range of information needs and behaviors of NPS personnel. The specific aim of the study was to supply organizational units with qualitative data specific to their client base, enabling them to improve campus systems and information services. Facilitators from the NPS Organizational Support Division conducted eighteen (18) focus groups during Spring Quarter 1998. Transcribed focus group sessions were analyzed using NUDIST software to identify key issues and results emerging from the data set. Categories of participants' information needs were identified, including an analysis of key information issues across the NPS campus. Use of Internet resources, other trusted individuals, and electronic indexes and abstracts ranked high among information sources used by NPS personnel. A picture emerges of a campus information environment poorly understood by the academic community. The three groups (students, staff and faculty) articulated different concerns and look to different sources to satisfy their information needs. Participants' information seeking problems centered on: (1) housing, registration and scheduling, computing and the quality of information available on the campus computer network, (2) an inability to easily disseminate information quickly to an appropriate campus audience, and (3) training in new information access technologies, and (4) the general lack of awareness of library resources and services. The paper discusses a method for more effectively disseminating information throughout the campus. Implications for the development of information seeking models and a model of the NPS information environment are discussed
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Van de Sompel, H.; Hochstenbach, P.: Reference linking in a hybrid library environment : part 1: frameworks for linking (1999)
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Dolin, R.; Agrawal, D.; El Abbadi, A.; Pearlman, J.: Using automated classification for summarizing and selecting heterogeneous information sources (1998)
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- Source
- D-Lib magazine. 4(1998) no.1, xx S
