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  1. Robertson, A.M.; Willett, P.: Applications of n-grams in textual information systems (1998) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    Provides an introduction to the use of n-grams in textual information systems, where an n-gram is a string of n, usually adjacent, characters, extracted from a section of continuous text. Applications that can be implemented efficiently and effectively using sets of n-grams include spelling errors detection and correction, query expansion, information retrieval with serial, inverted and signature files, dictionary look up, text compression, and language identification
    Object
    n-grams
  2. Huffman, S.: Acquaintance : language-independent document categorization by n-grams (1996) 0.10 
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  3. Cohen, J.D.: Highlights: language- and domain-independent automatic indexing terms for abstracting (1995) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    Presents a model of drawing index terms from text. The approach uses no stop list, stemmer, or other language and domain specific component, allowing operation in any language or domain with only trivial modification. The method uses n-grams counts, achieving a function similar to, but more general than, a stemmer. The generated index terms, called 'highlights', are suitable for identifying the topic for perusal and selection. An extension is also described and demonstrated which selects index terms to represent a subset of documents, distinguishing them from the corpus. Presents some experimental results, showing operation in English, Spanish, German, Georgian, Russian and Japanese
  4. Fox, K.L.; Frieder, O.; Knepper, M.M.; Snowberg, E.J.: SENTINEL: a multiple engine information retrieval and visualization system (1999) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    We describe a prototype Information Retrieval system; SENTINEL, under development at Harris Corporation's Information Systems Division. SENTINEL is a fusion of multiple information retrieval technologies, integrating n-grams, a vector space model, and a neural network training rule. One of the primary advantages of SENTINEL is its 3-dimensional visualization capability that is based fully upon the mathematical representation of information with SENTINEL. The 3-dimensional visualization capability provides users with an intuitive understanding, with relevance/query refinement techniques athat can be better utilized, resulting in higher retrieval precision
  5. Pearce, C.; Nicholas, C.: TELLTALE: Experiments in a dynamic hypertext environment for degraded and multilingual data (1996) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Methods and tools for finding documents relevant to a user's needs in a document corpora can be found in the information retrieval, library science, and hypertext communities. Typically, these systems provide retrieval capabilities for fairly static copora, their algorithms are dependent on the language for which they are written, e.g. English, and they do not perform well when presented with misspelled words or text that has been degraded by OCR techniques. In this article, we present experimentation results for the TELLTALE system. TELLTALE is a dynamic hypertext environment that provides full-text search from a hypertext-style user interface for text corpora that may be garbled by OCR or transmission errors, and that may contain languages other than English. TELLTALE uses several techniques based on n-grams (n character sequences of text). With these results we show that the dynamic linkage mechanisms in TELLTALE are tolerant of garbles in up to 30% of the characters in the body of the texts
  6. Zerbst, H.-J.; Kaptein, O.: Gegenwärtiger Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der Sacherschließung : Auswertung einer Umfrage an deutschen wissenschaftlichen und Öffentlichen Bibliotheken (1993) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Ergebnis einer Umfrage aus dem Frühjahr 1993. A. Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken: Versandt wurde der Fragebogen an die Mitglieder der Sektion IV des DBV. Fragen: (1a) Um welchen Bestand handelt es sich, der sachlich erschlossen wird? (1b) Wie groß ist dieser Bestand? (1c) Wird dieser Bestand vollständig oder nur in Auswahl (einzelne Fächer, Lehrbücher, Dissertationen o.ä.) sachlich erschlossen? (1d) Seit wann bestehen die jetzigen Sachkataloge? (2) Auf welche Art wird der Bestand zur Zeit sachlich erschlossen? (3a) Welche Klassifikation wird angewendet? (3b) Gibt es alphabetisches SyK-Register bzw. einen Zugriff auf die Klassenbeschreibungen? (3c) Gibt es ergänzende Schlüssel für die Aspekte Ort, Zeit, Form? (4) Falls Sie einen SWK führen (a) nach welchem Regelwerk? (b) Gibt es ein genormtes Vokabular oder einen Thesaurus (ggf. nur für bestimmte Fächer)? (5) In welcher Form existieren die Sachkataloge? (6) Ist die Bibliothek an einer kooperativen Sacherschließung, z.B. in einem Verbund beteiligt? [Nein: 79%] (7) Nutzen Sie Fremdleistungen bei der Sacherschließung? [Ja: 46%] (8) Welche sachlichen Suchmöglichkeiten gibt es für Benutzer? (9) Sind zukünftige Veränderungen bei der Sacherschließung geplant? [Ja: 73%]. - B. Öffentliche Bibliotheken: Die Umfrage richtete sich an alle ÖBs der Sektionen I, II und III des DBV. Fragen: (1) Welche Sachkataloge führen Sie? (2) Welche Klassifikationen (Systematiken) liegen dem SyK zugrunde? [ASB: 242; KAB: 333; SfB: 4 (???); SSD: 11; Berliner: 18] (3) Führen Sie ein eigenes Schlagwort-Register zum SyK bzw. zur Klassifikation (Systematik)? (4) Führen Sie den SWK nach ...? [RSWK: 132 (= ca. 60%) anderen Regeln: 93] (5) Seit wann bestehen die jetzigen Sachkataloge? (6) In welcher Form existiern die Sachkataloge? (7) In welchem Umfang wird der Bestand erschlossen? (8) Welche Signaturen verwenden Sie? (9) Ist die Bibliothek an einer kooperativen Sacherschließung, z.B. einem Verbund, beteiligt? [Nein: 96%] (10) Nutzen Sie Fremdleistungen bei der Sacherschließung? [Ja: 70%] (11) Woher beziehen Sie diese Fremdleistungen? (12) Verfügen Sie über ein Online-Katalogsystem mit OPAC? [Ja: 78; Nein: 614] (13) Sind zukünftig Veränderungen bei der Sacherschließung geplant? [Nein: 458; Ja: 237]; RESÜMEE für ÖB: "(i) Einführung von EDV-Katalogen bleibt auch in den 90er Jahren ein Thema, (ii) Der Aufbau von SWK wird in vielen Bibliotheken in Angriff genommen, dabei spielt die Fremddatenübernahme eine entscheidende Rolle, (iii) RSWK werden zunehmend angewandt, Nutzung der SWD auch für andere Regeln wirkt normierend, (iv) Große Bewegung auf dem 'Systematik-Markt' ist in absehbarer Zeit nicht zu erwarten, (v) Für kleinere Bibliotheken wird der Zettelkatalog auf absehbare Zeit noch die herrschende Katalogform sein, (vi) Der erhebliche Nachholbedarf in den neuen Bundesländern wird nur in einem größeren Zeitraum zu leisten sein. ??? SPEZIALBIBIOTHEKEN ???
  7. Jascó, P.: Searching for images by similarity online (1998) 0.03 
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    Date
    29.11.2004 13:03:22
    Source
    Online. 22(1998) no.6, S.99-102
  8. Lutz, H.: Back to business : was CompuServe Unternehmen bietet (1997) 0.03 
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    Date
    22. 2.1997 19:50:29
    Source
    Cogito. 1997, H.1, S.22-23
  9. Klauß, H.: SISIS : 10. Anwenderforum Berlin-Brandenburg (1999) 0.03 
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    Date
    22. 2.1999 10:22:52
  10. fwt: Wie das Gehirn Bilder 'liest' (1999) 0.03 
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:01:22
  11. Winterhoff-Spurk, P.: Auf dem Weg in die mediale Klassengesellschaft : Psychologische Beiträge zur Wissenskluft-Forschung (1999) 0.03 
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    Date
    8.11.1999 19:22:39
    Source
    Medien praktisch. 1999, H.3, S.17-22
  12. Veittes, M.: Electronic Book (1995) 0.03 
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    Source
    RRZK-Kompass. 1995, Nr.65, S.21-22
  13. Smith, G.: Newspapers on CD-ROM (1992) 0.03 
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    Source
    Serials. 5(1992) no.3, S.17-22
  14. Nanfito, N.: ¬The indexed Web : engineering tools for cataloging, storing and delivering Web based documents (1999) 0.03 
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    Date
    5. 8.2001 12:22:47
    Source
    Information outlook. 3(1999) no.2, S.18-22
  15. Verkommt das Internet zur reinen Glotze? : Fertige Informationspakete gegen individuelle Suche: das neue 'Push-Prinzip' im Internet ist heftig umstritten (1997) 0.03 
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    Date
    18. 1.1997 12:15:22
    Source
    Kölner Stadtanzeiger. Nr.69 vom 22/23.3.1997, S.MZ7
  16. Filk, C.: Online, Internet und Digitalkultur : eine Bibliographie zur jüngsten Diskussion um die Informationsgesellschaft (1996) 0.03 
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    Date
    5. 9.1997 19:22:27
    Source
    Rundfunk und Geschichte. 22(1996) H.2/3, S.184-193
  17. Höfer, W.: Detektive im Web (1999) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 8.1999 20:22:06
  18. Rensman, J.: Blick ins Getriebe (1999) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 8.1999 21:22:59
  19. Swartzberg, T.: Identifying and spreading expertise : The knowledge manager's brief: to disseminate a company's data and the know-how of its staff (1999) 0.02 
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    Date
    29.11.1999 12:18:22
    Source
    International Herald Tribune. 15. Nov. 1999, S.22
  20. Jimenez, V.O.R.: Nuevas perspectivas para la catalogacion : metadatos ver MARC (1999) 0.02 
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    Date
    30. 3.2002 19:45:22
    Source
    Revista Española de Documentaçion Cientifica. 22(1999) no.2, S.198-219

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