Search (316 results, page 15 of 16)

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 1937) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=1937,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 1937, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1937)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Object

DDC-22

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 2182) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=2182,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 2182, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2182)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Footnote

Rez. in: c't 2002, H.23, S.229 (T.J. Schult): "Mac-Anwender hatten bisher keine große Auswahl bei Multimedia-Enzyklopädien: entweder ein grottenschlechtes Kosmos Kompaktwissen, das dieses Jahr letztmalig erscheinen soll und sich dabei als Systhema Universallexikon tarnt. Oder ein Brockhaus in Text und Bild mit exzellenten Texten, aber flauer Medienausstattung. Die von Acclaim in Deutschland vertriebenen Britannica-Enzyklopädien stellen eine ausgezeichnete Alternative für den des Englischen Kundigen dar. Während früher nur Einfach-Britannicas auf dem Mac liefen, gilt dies nun für alle drei Versionen Student, Deluxe und Ultimate Reference Suite. Die Suite enthält dabei nicht nur alle 75 000 Artikel der 32 Britannica-Bände, sondern auch die 15 000 der Student Encyclopaedia, eines eigenen Schülerlexikons, das durch sein einfaches Englisch gerade für Nicht-Muttersprachler als Einstieg taugt. Wer es noch elementarer haben möchte, klickt sich zur Britannica Elementary Encyclopaedia, welche unter der gleichen Oberfläche wie die anderen Werke zugänglich ist. Schließlich umfasst die Suite einen Weltatlas sowie einsprachige Wörterbücher und Thesauri von Merriam-Webster in der Collegiate- und Student-Ausbaustufe mit allein 555 000 Definitionen, Synonymen und Antonymen. Wer viel in englischer Sprache recherchiert oder gar schreibt, leckt sich angesichts dieses Angebots (EUR 99,95) die Finger, zumal die Printausgabe gut 1600 Euro kostet. Die Texte sind einfach kolossal - allein das Inhaltsverzeichnis des Artikels Germany füllt sieben Bildschirmseiten. Schon die Inhalte aus den BritannicaBänden bieten mehr als doppelt so viel Text wie die rund tausend Euro kostende Brockhaus Enzyklopädie digital (c't 22/02, S. 38). Allein die 220 000 thematisch einsortierten Web-Links sind das Geld wert. Wer die 2,4 Gigabyte belegende Komplettinstallation wählt, muss sogar nie mehr die DVD (alternativ vier CD-ROMs) einlegen. Dieses Jahr muss sich niemand mehr mit dem Britannica-typischen Kuddelmuddel aus Lexikonartikeln und vielen, vielen Jahrbüchern herumschlagen - außer dem Basistext der drei Enzyklopädien sind 'nur' die zwei Jahrbücher 2001 und 2002 getrennt aufgeführt. Wer des Englischen mächtig ist, mag hier die gute Gelegenheit zum Kauf nutzen."

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 1236) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=1236,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 1236, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1236)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

26.12.2011 14:01:22

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 3284) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=3284,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 3284, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3284)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 1.2010 14:41:24

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 1163) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=1163,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 1163, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1163)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Link Analysis, Counterterrorism, and Security, SIAM Data Mining Conference, Bethesda, MD, 20-22 April, 2006. [http://www.siam.org/meetings/sdm06/workproceed/Link%20Analysis/15.pdf]

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 3335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=3335,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 3335, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3335)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 3447) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=3447,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 3447, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3447)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 2.2017 10:16:49

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 3608) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=3608,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 3608, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3608)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

You were going to get one-click access to the full text of nearly every book that's ever been published. Books still in print you'd have to pay for, but everything else-a collection slated to grow larger than the holdings at the Library of Congress, Harvard, the University of Michigan, at any of the great national libraries of Europe-would have been available for free at terminals that were going to be placed in every local library that wanted one. At the terminal you were going to be able to search tens of millions of books and read every page of any book you found. You'd be able to highlight passages and make annotations and share them; for the first time, you'd be able to pinpoint an idea somewhere inside the vastness of the printed record, and send somebody straight to it with a link. Books would become as instantly available, searchable, copy-pasteable-as alive in the digital world-as web pages. It was to be the realization of a long-held dream. "The universal library has been talked about for millennia," Richard Ovenden, the head of Oxford's Bodleian Libraries, has said. "It was possible to think in the Renaissance that you might be able to amass the whole of published knowledge in a single room or a single institution." In the spring of 2011, it seemed we'd amassed it in a terminal small enough to fit on a desk. "This is a watershed event and can serve as a catalyst for the reinvention of education, research, and intellectual life," one eager observer wrote at the time. On March 22 of that year, however, the legal agreement that would have unlocked a century's worth of books and peppered the country with access terminals to a universal library was rejected under Rule 23(e)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. When the library at Alexandria burned it was said to be an "international catastrophe." When the most significant humanities project of our time was dismantled in court, the scholars, archivists, and librarians who'd had a hand in its undoing breathed a sigh of relief, for they believed, at the time, that they had narrowly averted disaster.

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 4217) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=4217,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 4217, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4217)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 1.2018 11:32:44

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 5000) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=5000,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 5000, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=5000)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 2.2019 11:45:19

0.0050708186 = product of:
  0.010141637 = sum of:
    0.010141637 = product of:
      0.020283274 = sum of:
        0.020283274 = weight(_text_:22 in 5234) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.020283274 = score(doc=5234,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13106237 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 5234, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=5234)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 1.2018 11:33:49

0.0049201283 = product of:
  0.009840257 = sum of:
    0.009840257 = product of:
      0.019680513 = sum of:
        0.019680513 = weight(_text_:c in 132) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019680513 = score(doc=132,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1291003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.1524436 = fieldWeight in 132, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=132)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.0049201283 = product of:
  0.009840257 = sum of:
    0.009840257 = product of:
      0.019680513 = sum of:
        0.019680513 = weight(_text_:c in 533) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019680513 = score(doc=533,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1291003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.1524436 = fieldWeight in 533, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=533)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.0049201283 = product of:
  0.009840257 = sum of:
    0.009840257 = product of:
      0.019680513 = sum of:
        0.019680513 = weight(_text_:c in 1174) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019680513 = score(doc=1174,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1291003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.1524436 = fieldWeight in 1174, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1174)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.0049201283 = product of:
  0.009840257 = sum of:
    0.009840257 = product of:
      0.019680513 = sum of:
        0.019680513 = weight(_text_:c in 1180) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019680513 = score(doc=1180,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1291003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.1524436 = fieldWeight in 1180, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1180)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

The Greek historian Herodotus has the Athenian sage Solon estimate the lifetime of a human being at c. 26,250 days (Herodotus, The Histories, 1.32). If we could read a book on each of those days, it would take almost forty lifetimes to work through every volume in a single million book library. The continuous tradition of written European literature that began with the Iliad and Odyssey in the eighth century BCE is itself little more than a million days old. While libraries that contain more than one million items are not unusual, print libraries never possessed a million books of use to any one reader. The great libraries that took shape in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were meta-structures, whose catalogues and finding aids allowed readers to create their own customized collections, building on the fixed classification schemes and disciplinary structures that took shape in the nineteenth century. The digital libraries of the early twenty-first century can be searched and their contents transmitted around the world. They can contain time-based media, images, quantitative data, and a far richer array of content than print, with visualization technologies blurring the boundaries between library and museum. But our digital libraries remain filled with digital incunabula - digital objects whose form remains firmly rooted in traditions of print, with HTML and PDF largely mimicking the limitations of their print predecessors. Vast collections based on image books - raw digital pictures of books with searchable but uncorrected text from OCR - could arguably retard our long-term progress, reinforcing the hegemony of structures that evolved to minimize the challenges of a world where paper was the only medium of distribution and where humans alone could read. Already the books in a digital library are beginning to read one another and to confer among themselves before creating a new synthetic document for review by their human readers.

0.0049201283 = product of:
  0.009840257 = sum of:
    0.009840257 = product of:
      0.019680513 = sum of:
        0.019680513 = weight(_text_:c in 1205) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019680513 = score(doc=1205,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1291003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.1524436 = fieldWeight in 1205, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1205)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.0049201283 = product of:
  0.009840257 = sum of:
    0.009840257 = product of:
      0.019680513 = sum of:
        0.019680513 = weight(_text_:c in 1256) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019680513 = score(doc=1256,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1291003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.1524436 = fieldWeight in 1256, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1256)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.0049201283 = product of:
  0.009840257 = sum of:
    0.009840257 = product of:
      0.019680513 = sum of:
        0.019680513 = weight(_text_:c in 135) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019680513 = score(doc=135,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1291003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.1524436 = fieldWeight in 135, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=135)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.0049201283 = product of:
  0.009840257 = sum of:
    0.009840257 = product of:
      0.019680513 = sum of:
        0.019680513 = weight(_text_:c in 136) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019680513 = score(doc=136,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1291003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.1524436 = fieldWeight in 136, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=136)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

"Google hat seine Suchmaschine um eine Datenbank erweitert, die die Suchergebnisse um Fakten zu verschiedensten Objekten und Personen ergänzt. Diese semantische Suchfunktion, die vorerst nur Nutzern in den USA zur Verfügung steht, soll Suchbegriffe inhaltlich erkennen und Zusammenhänge zu anderen Themen herstellen. Damit soll Google noch besser erkennen, wonach die Nutzer suchen und möglichst auch gleich weitere Fragen beantworten. In einem Blogeintrag [http://googleblog.blogspot.de/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html] erläutert Google-Manager Amit Singhal die neue Funktion, die unter der Bezeichnung "Knowledge Graph" [http://www.google.com/insidesearch/features/search/knowledge.html] firmiert und in einem Video [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmQl6VGvX-c] vorgestellt wird. Dabei handele es sich um eine große Informationsdatenbank, die derzeit über 500 Millionen Objekte und mehr als 3,5 Milliarden Informationen über die Beziehungen zwischen ihnen enthalte. Darunter fänden sich Sehenswürdigkeiten, berühmte Personen, Städte, Sportmannschaften, Gebäude, Orte, Filme, Himmelsobjekte, Kunstwerke oder Ähnliches. Anhand der Suchanfragen und der Ergebnisse wird die Datenbank immer weiter verbessert, verspricht Google. Dank dieser Neuerung verspricht Google seinen Nutzern drei merkliche Verbesserungen. So könne die Suchmaschine nun besser erkennen, wonach genau gesucht werde, beispielsweise das Gebäude Taj Mahal oder der US-Musiker mit gleichem Namen. Weiterhin könne Google durch den Knowledge Graph wichtige Inhalte besser zusammenfassen, beispielsweise die Lebensdaten einer berühmten Person und ihre Leistungen. Auch bereits getätigte Suchen andere Nutzer könnten künftige Suchergebnisse dadurch beeinflussen. So sei für für Suchende etwa von Interesse, welche Bücher Charles Dickens geschrieben habe. Bei dem Architekten Frank Lloyd Wright sei jedoch weniger die Literatur interessant, als die von ihm gestalteten Gebäude.

0.0049201283 = product of:
  0.009840257 = sum of:
    0.009840257 = product of:
      0.019680513 = sum of:
        0.019680513 = weight(_text_:c in 758) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019680513 = score(doc=758,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1291003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.037426826 = queryNorm
            0.1524436 = fieldWeight in 758, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=758)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)