Search (110 results, page 6 of 6)

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Editor

Herget, J., S. Hierl u. T. Seeger

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Editor

Cohoon, J. McGrath u. W. Aspray

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Editor

Davies, J. u.a.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.2, S.180-181 (J. Walker): "My initial reaction to this book was that it would be a useful tool for researchers and students outside of the Computer science community who would like a primer of some of the many specialized research areas of artificial intelligence (AI). The book authors note that over the last couple of decades the AI community has seen significant growth and suffers from a great deal of fragmentation. Someone trying to survey some of the most important research literature from the community would find it difficult to navigate the enormous amount of materials, joumal articles, conference papers, and technical reports. There is a genuine need for a book such as this one that attempts to connect the numerous research pieces into a coherent reference source for students and researchers. The papers contained within the text were selected from the International Joint Conference an AI 2001 (IJCAI-2001). The preface warns that it is not an attempt to create a comprehensive book an the numerous areas of research in AI or subfields, but instead is a reference source for individuals interested in the current state of some research areas within AI in the new millennium. Chapter 1 of the book surveys major robot mapping algorithms; it opens with a brilliant historical overview of robot mapping and a discussion of the most significant problems that exist in the field with a focus an indoor navigation. The major approaches surveyed Kalman filter and an alternative to the Kalman, the expectation maximization. Sebastian Thrun examines how all modern approaches to robotic mapping are probabilistic in nature. In addition, the chapter concludes with a very insightful discussion into what research issues still exist in the robotic mapping community, specifically in the area of indoor navigation. The second chapter contains very interesting research an developing digital characters based an the lessons learned from dog behavior. The chapter begins similar to chapter one in that the reasoning and history of such research is presented in an insightful and concise manner. Bruce M. Blumberg takes his readers an a tour of why developing digital characters in this manner is important by showing how they benefit from the modeling of dog training patterns, and transparently demonstrates how these behaviors are emulated.
In the third chapter, the authors present a preliminary statistical system for identifying the semantic roles of elements contained within a sentence such as the topic or individual(s) speaking. The historical context necessary for a reader to gain a true understanding of why the work is needed and what already exists is adequate, but lacking in many areas. For example, the authors examine the tension that exists between statistical systems and logie-based systems in natural language understanding in a trivial manner. A high expectation is placed an the reader to have a strong knowledge of these two areas of natural language understanding in AI research. In the fourth chapter, Derek Lang and Maria Fox examine the debate that has occurred within the AI community regarding automatically extracting domain-specific constraints for planning. The authors discuss two major planning approaches-knowledgespare and knowledge-rieh. They introduce their own approach, which reuses common features from many planning problems with specialized problem-solvers, a process of recognizing common patterns of behavior using automated technologies. The authors construct a clear and coherent picture of the field of planning within AI as well as demonstrate a clear need for their research. Also throughout the chapter there are numerous examples that provide readers with a clearer understanding of planning research. The major weakness of this chapter is the lack of discussion about the researchers' earlier version of their planning system STAN (Static Analysis Planner). They make reference to previous papers that discuss them, but little to no direct discussion. As a result, the reader is left wondering how the researchers arrived at the current version, STAN5. In Chapter 5, David J. Feet et al. look at visual motion analysis focusing an occlusion boundaries, by applying probabilistic techniques like Bayesian inference and particle filtering. The work is most applicable in the area of robotic vision. The authors do an outstanding job of developing a smooth narrative flow while simplifying complex models for visual motion analysis. This would be a good chapter for a graduate student who is looking for a research topic in Al. In the sixth chapter, Frank Wolter and Michael Zaharyaschev deal with reasoning about time and spare, which is a very difficult area of AI research. These two issues have been examined as separate entities in the past. The authors attempt to explore the two entities as one unit using different methods to generate qualitative spatiotemporal calculi and by using previous data from the area of modal logie. The research is presented in such a way that a reader with an inadequate AI concept knowledge will be quickly lost in the miasma of the research.

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.8, S.889-890 (J. Warner): "This work is a collection of papers, reflective and theoretical, rather than primarily empirical, from scholars in information systems and economies, with discursive rather than formal modes of argument and presentation. The discipline of information systems (IS) is understood to have developed as codified knowledge about appropriate procedures for the development of customized information and communication technology (ICT) applications. The editors recognize that, with the displacement of customized applications by purchased packages, IS lost its main utility as a prescription for professional practice in the 1990s. The need for the scholarly community to establish its continuing value and to survive might be orte motivation for the increasing resort to theory. A difference in perspective between IS and economies is acknowledged: economiet take an outside-in approach to the results of innovation while IS focuses an the process of innovation. Recognition does not extend to synthesis, and a dynamic by which the process of Innovation both generates and is compelled by the resulting sociotechnical environment is not isolated. The literature of information science is not cited-other writers have noted the analogies between the subjects and disjunctions between the disciplines of IS and information science (Ellis, Allen, & Wilson, 1999)-but interdisciplinary dialogue is advocated. For information science readers, the interest of the work lies in the analogies between topics treated and the emerging theoretical reflection an them. Theory seems to have emerged primarily as a response to empirical difficulties, particularly contradictions between expectations and reality, and can reproduce the divides which motivated it. Empirical generalizations are not distinguished from the motivating forces which created the phenomena covered by those generalizations. For instance, the social constructivist perspective which argues that impact of technology is a matter of interpretation by human actors according to their social conditions, and which acknowledges the interpretive flexibility of a technology in use, is introduced, but technology is not fully recognized as a radical human construction, "organs of the human brain, created by the human hand" (Marx, 1973, p. 706; Warner, 2004), and the notion of impact is retained. The productivity paradox, understood as the weak correlation between investment in ICT and commercial success, forms a recurrent concern. A simple response might that the commercial value of a technology lies in the way it is used. More sophisticatedly the paradox could be regarded as an artifact of the apparent rigor and closeness, particularly temporal closeness, of studies and could be reinterpreted as a productivity effect, corresponding to a transition cost. The conclusion does not recall the distinction between invention, innovation, and diffusion, promised in the preface, and invention tends to be treated as if it were exogenous. The most interesting insights emerge from accounts of cited papers, particularly Ciborra's view of technology as being assimilated to the social by the device of hospitality and Orlikowski's reflections an technology.

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: CRIS-Cross: Research Information Systems at a Crossroads (Eric H. Zimmerman) Current Research Information as Part of Digital Libraries and the Heterogeneity Problem: Integrated searches in the context of databases with different content analyses (Jürgen Krause) CERIF: Past, Present and Future: An Overview (Anne Asserson, Keith G Jeffery, Andrei Lopatenko) Treatment of Semantic fleterogeneity using Meta-Data Extraction and Query Translation (Robert Strötgen) Proposals for a new flexible and extensible XML-model for exchange of research information (Jens Vindvad, Erlend Oeverby), Information Retrieval of Research Information in a Distributed Heterogeneous Environment (Andrei Lopatenko, Anne Asserson, Keith G Jeffery) Effectiveness of tagging laboratory data using Dublin Core in an electronic scientific notebook (Laura M. Bartolo, Cathy S. Lowe, Austin C Melton, Monica Strah, Louis Feng, Christopher J. Woolverton) Comparative Study of Metadata for Scientific Information: The place of CERIF in CRISs and Scientific Repositories (Keith G Jeffery, Andrei Lopatenko, Anne Asserson) Metasearch engine for Austrian research information (Marek Andricik) SEAL - a SEmantic portAL with content management functionality (Steffen Staab, Rudi Studer, York Sure, Raphael Volz) Discovery of patterns of scientific and technological development and knowledge transfer (Anthony FJ van Raan, Ed C. M. Noyons)

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Date

23. 3.2008 19:10:22

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Footnote

Mit automatischer Indexierung beschäftigen sich auch zwei weitere Beiträge. Indexieren mit AUTINDEX von H.-D. Mass (Saarbrücken) ist leider knapp und ohne didaktische Ambition verfasst, sodass man sich nicht wirklich vorstellen kann, wie dieses System funktioniert. Übersichtlicher stellt sich der Werkstattbericht Automatische Indexierung des Reallexikons zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte von K. Lepsky (Köln) dar, der zeigt, welche Probleme und Schritte bei der Digitalisierung, Indexierung und Web-Präsentation der Volltexte eines grossen fachlichen Nachschlagewerkes anfallen. Weitere interessante Beiträge befassen sich z.B. mit Summarizing-Leistungen im Rahmen eines e-Learning-Projektes (R. Kuhlen), mit dem Schalenmodell und dem Semantischen Web (J. Krause; aus nicht näher dargelegten Gründen in englischer Sprache) und mit der Akkreditierung/ Evaluierung von Hochschullehre und -forschung in Großbritannien (T. Seeger). In Summe liegt hier eine würdige Festschrift vor, über die sich der Gefeierte sicherlich gefreut haben wird. Für informationswissenschaftliche Spezialsammlungen und größere Bibliotheken ist der Band allemal eine Bereicherung. Ein Wermutstropfen aber doch: Obzwar mit Information und Sprache ein optisch ansprechend gestaltetes Buch produziert wurde, enthüllt eine nähere Betrachtung leider allzu viele Druckfehler, mangelhafte Worttrennungen, unkorrigierte grammatikalische Fehler, sowie auch Inkonsistenzen bei Kursivdruck und Satzzeichen. Lektoren und Korrektoren sind, so muss man wieder einmal schmerzlich zur Kenntnis nehmen, ein aussterbender Berufsstand."

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Zumer, M.: Dedication [to Zlata Dimec]; P. Le Boeuf: FRBR: Hype or Cure-All? Introduction; O.M.A. Madison: The origins of the IFLA study an functional requirements for bibliographic records; G.E. Patton: Extending FRBR to authorities; T. Delsey: Modeling subject access: extending the FRBR and FRANAR conceptual models; S. Gradmann: rdfs:frbr - Towards an implementation model for library catalogs using semantic web technology; G. Johsson: Cataloguing of hand press materials and the concept of expression in FRBR; K. Kilner: The AustLit Gateway and scholarly bibliography: a specialist implementation of the FRBR; P. Le Boeuf: Musical works in the FRBR model or "Quasi la Stessa Cosa": variations an a theme by Umberto Eco; K. Albertsen, C. van Nuys: Paradigma: FRBR and digital documents; D. Miller, P Le Boeuf: "Such stuff as dreams are made on": How does FRBR fit performing arts?; Y. Nicolas: Folklore requirements for bibliographic records: oral traditions and FRBR; B.B. Tillett: FRBR and cataloging for the future; Z. Dimec, M. Zumer, G.J.A. Riesthuis: Slovenian cataloguing practice and Functional Requirements for Bibliography Records: a comparative analysis; M. Zumer: Implementation of FRBR: European research initiative; T.B. Hicley, E.T. O'Neill: FRBRizing OCLC's WorldCat; R. Sturman: Implementing the FRBR conceptual approach in the ISIS software environment: IFPA (ISIS FRBR prototype application); J. Radebaugh, C. Keith: FRBR display tool; D.R. Miller: XOBIS - an experimental schema for unifying bibliographic and authority records